SSH teeb hauv Ubuntu

Ssh (nyab xeeb plhaub) Kev tso cai thev naus laus zis tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb tswj koj lub khoos phis tawm ntawm kev sib txuas ruaj ntseg. Ssh ua rau encrypted tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kis tau, suav nrog passwords, thiab tseem xa ib qho kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem ua ke. Ua haujlwm kom raug, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ntsia, tab sis kuj tau teeb tsa. Nws yuav yog hais txog cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov kev teeb tsa tseem ceeb uas peb xav tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, noj qhov tseeb ntawm Ubuntu operating system rau ib qho piv txwv, uas yuav nyob rau lub server.

Configure SS hauv Ubuntu

Yog tias koj tseem tsis tau ua tiav lub installation rau tus neeg rau zaub mov thiab cov neeg siv lub PC, nws yuav tsum tau ua thaum pib, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem yooj yim heev thiab yuav tsis siv sijhawm ntau. Nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov ncauj lus no ua ntej lwm tsab xov xwm ntawm cov txuas hauv qab no. Nws tseem qhia tau cov txheej txheem rau kev hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa thiab kev sim ssh, yog li niaj hnub no peb yuav ua kom pom me ntsis ntawm lwm cov haujlwm.

Nyeem ntxiv: Txhim Kho Ssh-server hauv Ubuntu

Tsim ib khub ntawm RSA cov yuam sij

Nyob rau hauv cov tshiab tau nruab SSH, tsis muaj cov yuam sij ntau dua los txuas los ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov rau tus neeg siv khoom thiab lwm tus neeg. Tag nrho cov ntsiab no yuav tsum tau teeb tsa manually tom qab ntxiv txhua feem ntawm cov txheej txheem. Ib nkawm cov yuam sij yog ua haujlwm siv RSA algorithm (txo qis los ntawm cov Redest, Shaamir thiab Adleman cov neeg tsim khoom). Ua tsaug rau cov cryptosystem, cov yuam sij yog encrypted los ntawm algorithms tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau tsim ib khub uas qhib cov yuam sij, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nkag mus rau txoj kev hais kom tsim nyog hauv lub console thiab ua raws cov lus qhia uas tshwm sim.

Mus ua haujlwm nrog "Terminal" los ntawm ib qho yooj yim, los ntawm qhib nws los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov lossis tus yuam sij (T.

Khiav lub davhlau ya nyob twg hauv Ubuntu ntxiv teeb tsa SSH

Nkag mus rau Ssh-keygen cov lus txib, thiab tom qab ntawd nyem rau tus sau nkag.

Tsim SSY yuam sij los ntawm console hauv Ubuntu operating system

Nws yuav raug npaj siab los tsim cov ntaub ntawv uas cov yuam sij yuav tau txais kev cawmdim. Yog tias koj xav tso lawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw xaiv los ntawm lub neej ntawd, tsuas Nyem rau nkag mus.

Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv kom txuag tau cov SSH raws cov yuam sij hauv Ubuntu

Tus yuam sij pej xeem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab lus code. Yog tias koj xav siv qhov kev xaiv no, sau ib lo lus zais hauv txoj hlua pom. Cov cim ntxig yuav tsis raug tso tawm. Hauv kab tshiab yuav tau rov ua nws.

Nkag mus rau cov kab lus tseem ceeb thaum tsim cov SSH yuam sij hauv Ubuntu

Tom ntej no, koj yuav pom ib tsab ntawv ceeb toom uas tus yuam sij tau txais kev cawmdim, thiab koj kuj tuaj yeem paub koj tus kheej nrog nws cov duab kos duab.

Kev ua tiav kev tsim tseem ceeb rau SSH hauv Ubuntu operating system

Tam sim no muaj ib tus neeg siv khoom khub - zais cia thiab qhib kom siv rau txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoos phis tawj. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab tus yuam sij rau tus neeg rau zaub mov kom cov Ssh automentication muaj kev vam meej.

Luam Daim Ntawv Qhib Qhib Rau Cov Neeg Nyob

Muaj peb qhov tseem ceeb theej txoj kev. Txhua ntawm lawv yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau ntau qhov xwm txheej thaum, piv txwv li, ib txoj hauv kev tsis ua haujlwm lossis tsis haum rau tus neeg siv tshwj xeeb. Peb thov kom txiav txim siab tag nrho peb txoj kev xaiv los ntawm kev pib los ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ua tau zoo.

Qhov Xaiv 1: SSH-Copy-ID hais kom ua

Cov Ntawv Sau Tseg SSH-id tau ua rau hauv lub operating system, yog li nws tsis tas yuav nruab ib qho kev sib ntxiv rau nws cov kev ua tiav. Saib xyuas cov syntax yooj yim los luam tus yuam sij. Hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau SSH-DONT UAS USERNAME @ LUB CAIJ NTUJ EY_HOST, qhov twg Username, qhov twg lub npe @ chaw taws teeb_hos yog lub npe ntawm cov chaw taws teeb.

Luam SSY yuam sij dhau los ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb hauv Ubuntu

Thaum koj xub txuas, koj yuav tau txais kev ceeb toom nrog cov ntawv nyeem:

Qhov tseeb ntawm tus tswv tsev '203.0.113.1 (203.0.113.1)' tsis tuaj yeem tsim.

ECDSA Cov ntiv tes tseem ceeb yog FD: FD: FD: FD: FD: 77: FE: 77: 84: E1: 55: 00: 40: E1: 6D: 22: FE.

Koj puas paub tseeb tias koj xav txuas ntxiv txuas (yog / tsis yog)? Tau

Koj yuav tsum sau kom cov kev xaiv yog kom txuas ntxiv qhov txuas ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd, lub chaw tso hluav taws xob yuav nws tus kheej tshawb pom tus yuam sij id_rsa.pub ntawv, uas tau tsim yav dhau los. Thaum lub sij hawm nrhiav tau zoo, yuav tshwm sim:

Usr / bin / rau-daim npav-ID: Cov ntaub ntawv: Sim nkag mus nrog tus yuam sij tshiab, kom lim ib qho uas yog qhov ua kom tau teeb tsa

/ Usr / rau hauv / ssh-luam-id: Cov ntaub ntawv: 1 tus lej tseem ceeb) yog tias koj tau ua kom tiav tam sim no nws yog los nruab tus yuam sij tshiab

[email protected]'s password:

Qhia kom meej tus password los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb yuav kom cov nqi hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nkag mus. Cov cuab yeej yuav luam cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ~ / .ssh / id_rsa.pub, thiab tom qab ntawd cov lus yuav tshwm sim ntawm lub vijtsam:

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov (cov) tseem ceeb ntxiv: 1

Tam sim no sim nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab, nrog: "SSH '[email protected]'"

Thiab tshawb xyuas kom paub tseeb tias tsuas yog tus (cov) tseem ceeb uas koj xav tau ntxiv.

Cov tsos ntawm cov ntawv nyeem txhais tau tias tus yuam sij tau ua tiav zoo rau lub computer tej thaj chaw deb, thiab tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi ntxiv nrog kev sib txuas yuav tshwm sim.

Qhov Xaiv 2: Luam theej qhib qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm SSH

Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem siv cov nqi hluav taws xob saum toj no, tab sis muaj tus password rau nkag mus rau SSH tus yuam sij, yog li muab cov qhab nia zoo me ntsis thaum txuas ntxiv. Nws yog siv rau cov lus txib miv no uas yuav nyeem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv yuav raug xa mus rau tus neeg rau zaub mov. Hauv lub console, koj yuav tsum tau sau txoj hlua.

MIV ~ / .ssh / id_rsa.pub | Ssh Username @ chaw taws teeb_host "mkdir -p ~ / .ssh / maub / / .ssh / messsh / tso cai."

Hloov tus yuam sij theej los ntawm Ubuntu Utility

Thaum cov lus tshwm

Qhov tseeb ntawm tus tswv tsev '203.0.113.1 (203.0.113.1)' tsis tuaj yeem tsim.

ECDSA Cov ntiv tes tseem ceeb yog FD: FD: FD: FD: FD: 77: FE: 77: 84: E1: 55: 00: 40: E1: 6D: 22: FE.

Koj puas paub tseeb tias koj xav txuas ntxiv txuas (yog / tsis yog)? Tau

Txuas ntxiv qhov txuas thiab sau tus password kom nkag mus rau tus neeg rau zaub mov. Tom qab ntawd, tus pej xeem tseem yuav theej mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov ntawv tso cai tswj hwm.

Kev Xaiv 3: Phau Ntawv Qhib Cov Ntawv Luam Tseem Ceeb

Thaum tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau lub khoos phis tawm ntawm SSH server, txhua qhov kev tshwm sim tau piav qhia saum toj no yog kev tua neeg. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, thawj zaug nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus yuam sij ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov PC ntawm tus miv ~ / .ssh / id_rsa.pub sam hwm.

Saib cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus miv hais hauv Ubuntu

Lub vijtsam yuav raug tso tawm li ntawm txoj hlua li no: SSH-RSA + qhov yuam kev raws li ib pawg ntawm cov cim == Demo @ Test. Tom qab ntawd, mus ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw taws teeb taws teeb uas koj tsim cov npe tshiab ntawm MKDIR -P ~ / .ssh. Nws ntxiv rau cov ntawv tso cai_keys. Tom ntej no, Ntxig tus yuam sij muaj uas koj tau kawm ua ntej ntawm ECHO + kab ntawm ib tus pej xeem tseem ceeb >> ~ / .ssh / tso cai. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem sim ua kom muaj kev txheeb xyuas nrog tus neeg rau zaub mov tsis siv tus password.

Kev kuaj xyuas kev lees paub ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov los ntawm cov yuam sij tsim

Hauv seem dhau los, koj tau kawm txog peb txoj kev rau kev luam tawm cov chaw taws teeb lub computer tseem ceeb rau tus neeg rau zaub mov. Cov kev nqis tes no yuav tso cai rau koj txuas yam tsis muaj tus password. Cov txheej txheem no tau ua los ntawm cov kab hais kom ua los ntawm nkag mus Shh Username @ cov npe, qhov twg username, qhov twg yog tus username thiab host lub npe. Thaum koj xub txuas, koj yuav tau txais kev ceeb toom txog kev txuas thiab koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm xaiv cov kev xaiv yog.

Txuas mus rau lub computer tej thaj chaw deb ntawm ssh hauv Ubuntu

Kev sib txuas yuav cia li tshwm sim yog tias cov kab lus tseem ceeb (passphrase) tsis tau hais txog thaum tsim cov noob sij hawm. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav xub los qhia nws kom ua txuas ntxiv nrog SSS.

Lov tes taw tus lej cim kev lees paub

Kev luam tawm tseem ceeb tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawd thaum koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tus neeg rau zaub mov tsis siv tus password. Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm los kuaj xyuas li no tau tso cai rau cov cuab yeej siv rau xaiv tus password thiab tawg qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Cia koj tus kheej los ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav ua rau tag nrho cov lus qhia zais nkag hauv SSS cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Qhov no yuav xav tau:

Nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg, qhib cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa los ntawm tus editor siv Sudo Gegdit / Etc / SSD_ConFig hais kom ua.

Khiav lub SSH cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa ntawm cov editor hauv Ubuntu

Nrhiav cov kab ntawv zais zais thiab tshem tawm # kos npe rau thaum pib rass qhov parameter.
Hloov tus nqi kom tsis muaj thiab txuag txoj kev teeb tsa tam sim no.

Lov tus lej cim kev lees paub hauv SSH ntawm Ubuntu

Kaw cov editor thiab rov ua dua Sudo SystemCtl rov pib dua SSH server.

Rov pib dua cov SSH server hauv Ubuntu operating system

Tus password authentication yuav muab tua, thiab nkag mus rau lub server tsuas siv tau siv cov yuam sij tshwj xeeb tsim rau qhov no nrog RSA algorithm.

Teeb tsa cov hluav taws

Hauv Ubuntu, lub ntsej muag firewall yog qhov tsis yooj yim firewall (ubf) firewall. Nws tso cai rau koj daws kev sib txuas rau cov kev pabcuam uas tau xaiv. Txhua daim ntawv thov tsim nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov cuab yeej no, thiab UFW tswj lawv, tso cai lossis thab cov kev sib txuas. Teem cov SSH profile los ntawm kev ntxiv nws rau cov npe yog nqa tawm zoo li no:

Qhib Firewall profile sau los ntawm Sudo UFW App npe lus txib.

Saib Cov Qauv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob hauv Ubuntu

Sau tus password los ntawm tus as khauj los tso cov ntaub ntawv.

Sau tus password rau saib cov npe ntawm cov ntawv teev ntawm tus qauv Firevola Ubuntu

Koj yuav pom ib daim ntawv thov muaj, yuav tsum muaj qhov qhib lawv.

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum daws cov kev sib txuas ntawm SSH. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ntxiv nws rau cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv tau siv sudo ufw tso cai rau openssh.

Ntxiv ssh server kom daws cov kev sib txuas rau firewall ubuntu

Qhib lub firewall los ntawm kev hloov kho cov cai, sudo ufw pab.

Rov pib dua lub firewall nrog kev hloov tshiab ntawm cov cai hauv Ubuntu

Rau kev ntseeg yog tias kev sib txuas tau tso cai, sudo ufw xwm txheej yuav tsum tau sau tseg, tom qab uas koj yuav pom cov xwm txheej ntawm lub network.

Saib cov npe ntawm cov khoom sib txuas hluav taws sib txuas hauv Ubuntu

Ntawm no, peb cov lus qhia SSH kev teeb tsa hauv Ubuntu ua tiav. Cov chaw txuas ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas yog tus kheej nqa tawm los ntawm txhua tus neeg siv hauv qab nws cov kev thov. Koj tuaj yeem paub txog kev nqis tes ua txhua feem ntawm SSH hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai ntawm cov txheej txheem.