I-ITRRAMFS - Uhlelo lwefayela le-RAM, olusetshenziselwa ukuqala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwa ku-Linux Kernel. Lapho ufaka i-OS, yonke imitapo yolwazi, izinsiza kanye namafayela wokucushwa acindezelwe kungobo yomlando, ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo lwefayela elicacisiwe ludluliselwa kwi-bootloader, lapho ukuqala kohlelo kuqhubeka khona. Kwesinye isikhathi abasebenzisi bokusatshalaliswa kobuntu babhekana nalokho lapho uvula ikhompyutha, bawela kwikhonsoli yokulawula kwale Fs ngaphandle kwethuba lokulayishwa kabusha uhlelo. Lokhu kungenxa yomonakalo ekusakazweni kokuqala futhi ibuyiselwe indlela elula.
Lungisa iphutha ngokulanda kuma-itramffs uma uqala ubuntu
Ezimweni eziningi, inkinga ebhekwayo ihlotshaniswa nokwehluleka kwelinye lama-superblocks, futhi lapho uzama ukuphuma ama-iframfs ngomyalo wokuphuma, okubhaliwe kuvela kanjena:
Phuma / Dev / Mapper / Ubuntu - VG-Root uqukethe uhlelo lwefayela ngamaphutha, hlola ukuphoqelelwa. Ama-inodes ayeyingxenye yohlu lolonakele oluhlangene oluhlangene olutholwayo. / dev / Mapper / Ubuntu-VG-Root: ukungahambisani okungalindelekile; Run fsck ngesandla. .
Uma kwenzeka isimo esinjalo, indlela yokulungisa engcono kakhulu izobuyisela ukusebenza kwe-superblock, futhi lokhu kungenziwa okulandelayo:
- Layisha isithombe se-ISO ngenguqulo efanayo ye-Ubuntu, njengoba ifakiwe kwikhompyutha, kusuka kusayithi elisemthethweni bese idala i-Bootable Flash Drayivu. Ungafunda kabanzi ngale nqubo kwenye indatshana kusixhumanisi esilandelayo.
- Uma uqala i-OS, khetha ukulanda kusuka ku-flash drive, futhi lapho kuboniswa iwindi lokufaka, iya ku- "zama ubuntu" mode.
- Isibonisi esijwayelekile sokuqhafaza siyaboniswa lapha. Vula imenyu bese uchofoza kabili ekuqhubekeni kwesithonjana sesicelo se-terminal. Kwenziwa futhi ngokuhlanganiswa kwenhlanganisela ye-Ctrl + Alt + T..
- Thola inombolo yokwahlukanisa kwesistimu yediski elukhuni ngohlelo olufakiwe ngokufaka i-sudo fdisk -L | Grep Linux | Greep -V 'Swap'.
- Kumugqa omusha uzobona ukuqanjwa, njenge / dev / sda1. Khumbula, ngoba ngokuzayo kuzodingeka ukulungisa iphutha.
- Qalisa inqubo yokudlulisa yawo wonke ama-superblocks akhona ngokucacisa i-sudo dumpe2fs / dev / sda1 | Grep superblock. Ku-superblock ngayinye, inani elithile lesistimu yefayela i-metadata ligcinwa, ngakho-ke lehluleka ukusebenza futhi livuse ukwehluleka kwemithwalo ye-OS.
- Emigqeni emisha, ngemuva kokusebenzisa umyalo, uhlu lwazo zonke lezo zingxenye zeSuperBlock zizovela.
- Thatha isibonelo noma yisiphi isibonelo, ngokwesibonelo, okokuqala. Ngalo, ama-FS abuyiselwa. Ukwethulwa kwalokhu kusebenza kwenziwa ngemuva kokungena eSudo FSCK -B 32768 / Dev / Sda1 -Y, lapho i-32768 iyinombolo ye-superblock, a / dev / sda1 ukuhlukaniswa kwe-hard disk.
Ngenketho - Zonke izinguquko zizokwamukelwa ngokuzenzakalela, futhi lapho inqubo iphumelela, kuzoboniswa isaziso esilandelayo esikrinini:
I-FSCK 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007) I-E2FSCK 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007) / Dev / SDA1 ayizange ibe yinhle ihlanzekile, hlola ukuphoqelelwa. DASS 1: Ukuhlola ama-inode, amabhlokhi, nosayizi we-Pass 3: Ukuhlola Isiqondisi Sokudlulisela Pass 3: Ukuhlola Ukuxhumana Kwezimbozo Zama-PASS 4: Ukuhlola I-Group Returmery Information Free Cooks Bala okungalungile ngeqembu # 241 (32254) . Lungisa? Yebo amabhlogo wamahhala abala ngokungalungile ngeqembu # 362 (32254, abaliwe = 32248). Lungisa? Yebo amabhlogo wamahhala abala ngokungalungile ngeqembu # 368 (32254, abaliwe = 27774). Lungisa? Yebo ....... / dev / sda1: ***** Uhlelo lwefayela lwaluguquliwe ***** / dev / sda1: amafayela angama-5958/30 .
- Kusele ukukhweza isigaba seSudo Mount / Dev / SDA1 / MNT System isigaba.
- Okulandelayo, iya kuyo nge-CD / MNT ukuze yonke imiyalo yenziwe ngqo kusuka kusikhombi uqobo.
- Bheka okuqukethwe yi-FS nge-Sudo Mkdir test ls -l. Ukubulawa okuphumelelayo kwalokhu kusebenza kusikisela ukuthi ukubuyiselwa sekudlulile ngempumelelo futhi kungaqalwa kabusha.
Funda kabanzi: Imiyalo yokwakha i-Bootable Flash Drayivu ne-Ubuntu
Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangemva kokulungiswa ngempumelelo kwenkinga ebhekwe, amaphutha abukwayo lapho esebenzisa uhlelo olusebenzayo. Imvamisa bahlotshaniswa nokuwohloka kwe-grub loader ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubuyisele le nto ejwayelekile. Umhlahlandlela othunyelwe ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa kanjani ngokulungiswa kwe-boot, funa lokho okuthe xaxa.
Funda futhi: Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Grub Bootload nge-boot-ukulungisa e-Ubuntu
Lapho usuqede zonke izinqubo, i-flash drive evela ku-livecd ubuntu ngeke isakudinga. Uma unesifiso sokufometha futhi usebenzise ngokwengeziwe ngezinhloso zayo, sikucebisa ukuthi ujwayelane nendatshana ngayinye ukwenza lo msebenzi.
Funda futhi: Ukufometha Flash Drayivu eLinux
Namuhla sikhulume ngokuxazulula izinkinga ezithandwa kakhulu kuma-itramffs, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi indlela inkululeko. Uma kwenzeka kuba nephutha lomunye umlingiswa, lichaze kumazwana, futhi sizozama ukuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esifanele salesi simo.