Ungamisa kanjani iseva yemeyili eLinux

Manje abaningi abasebenzisi bakhetha ukuzibeka iklayenti leposi elikhethekile ekhompyutheni ukwenza ngokushesha kakhulu futhi umane ukuphatha ama-imeyili. Ezimweni eziningi, ngokushesha ngemuva kokufakwa kohlelo olunjalo, ungahambisa ukuqondisa ukusebenzisana nayo, kepha lokhu akusebenzi kumbuthano othize wabasebenzisi bohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Linux. Lapha uzodinga ukwengeza futhi ulungiselele iseva yemeyili enikezela ukwamukelwa kanye nokudluliselwa kwemiyalezo. Lona ngumsebenzi onzima, kepha waxazululwa ngamamanyu amabhuku anemininingwane. Sifuna ukukujwayelana nemiyalo enjalo, ngenkathi udlala ngokuningiliziwe isinyathelo esidingekayo.

Yenza ngokwezifiso iseva yemeyili eLinux

Esikhathini samanje ekufinyeleleni okuvulekile, kunamaseva amaningi we-imeyili ngokwezifiso, futhi ngamunye wabo unezimpawu zawo. Sizogxila ezinqumweni ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezifunwayo ngemuva, sikhokha isikhathi nezakhi ezengeziwe. Isibonelo sizothathwa ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-Ubuntu, kanye nabanikazi beRedhat, kuvezwa imiyalo ehlukile uma umehluko kusuka kokukhonjisiwe kuzotholakala. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlaziywa kwesigaba ngasinye, siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngolwazi lwesingeniso futhi olubaluleke kakhulu, oluzoqonda umthetho ophelele wohlelo olubhekwayo.

Izakhi ze-SMTP kanye nezepolitiki

Abanye abasebenzisi banentshisekelo ngodaba lokudlulisela ama-imeyili kwi-Intanethi elihlobene nesidingo sokusebenzisa izakhi ezahlukahlukene ezibhekele ezenzweni ezithile. Ukuhlunga nokuthumela imininingwane enjalo inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi eyenziwa ngama-algorithms akhethekile. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale ntempeli i-SMTP (Uhlelo Lokudlulisela Kwemeyili Elula), okuyiseva yemeyili. Inesibopho sokuhambisana nemithetho yokuthumela esungulwe, ngokulandelana, ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphandle kweseva, ezinye izixhumanisi ze-chain ngeke zisebenze nhlobo. Amaseva Ukushintshana Imininingwane phakathi kwawo, ngakho-ke sebenzisa itheku kulokhu. Imvamisa, ziyinombolo 25. Izinhlobo zamaseva ngokwazo zihlukile, futhi namhlanje sizothatha i-postfix esezingeni eliphakeme ngokwengeziwe. Manje cabanga ukwakheka okuphelele kohlelo.

• Iklayenti leposi. Lolu uhlelo oluthola ngalo futhi ubhekabheka khona izinhlamvu zakho. Isibonelo sebhanali kunazo zonke i-Microsoft Outlook. Ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwesithombe kuvumela umsebenzisi we-novice kakhulu ukuphatha i-akhawunti yawo, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngalokho okufihliwe ngemuva kwezinkinobho ezilula.
• Iseva yemeyili. Ngenhla, sesivele sithi le ngxenye yenza inketho yokudlulisa. Kungabizwa ngokuthi yi-postman eyingqayizivele emhlabeni we-Intanethi.
• I-imeyili Devil Agent. Isixhumanisi sokugcina se-chain sibizwa nangokuthi i-ejenti yokulethwa kweposi noma i-MDA efushanisiwe. Yileli thuluzi elibhekele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le ncwadi ihanjiswa ekhekeni elithile, futhi ayilahleki kuma-expression weseva enkulu. Endabeni yethu, umsizi ofanayo uzoba yi-postfix-postdrop.

Ngemuva kokuthi ufunde yonke imininingwane edingekayo, ungaya ekufakweni nasekuhlelweni kuseva. Siphule le nqubo ngezinyathelo ukuze ngisho nabasebenzisi be-novice abanazinkinga ngalokhu.

Isinyathelo 1: Faka iPostfix

Sesicacisile ngaphambili, yiliphi ithuluzi elithathwe njengesibonelo. Uma lokhu kukhethwa kungakufaneli, faka noma iyiphi enye into bese uqhubekela ekucushweni kwawo ngokuya ngemiyalo echazwe kulezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo, inikezwe izici ezintsha. Kwesinye isikhathi, emhlanganweni ojwayelekile wokusatshalaliswa, iseva ye-Postfix isivele ifakiwe ukuthi ungabheka umyalo we-GREP Postfix, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kuyadingeka ukuyifaka ngokwakho okuzokhombisa phambili.

1. Zonke ezinye izenzo zizokwenziwa nge- "terminal" ejwayelekile ngokufaka imiyalo lapho, ngakho-ke yigijime ngendlela elula, ngokwesibonelo, ngemenyu yohlelo lokusebenza.



2. Faka i-Sudo Apt-Get -y Faka umyalo we-Postfix uma ungumnikazi wokusatshalaliswa kwe-Debian / Mint / ubuntu. Kwemihlangano emikhulu esekwe eRedhat, uzodinga ukucacisa i-DNF-By Faka postfix.



3. Lesi senzo sizokwenziwa egameni leSuperuser, ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka uqinisekise amalungelo ngokucacisa iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti. Qaphela ukuthi izinhlamvu ezifakiwe ngale ndlela aziboniswa.



4. Gijimani inqubo yokuthola nokuvula amafayela. Ungakuphazamisi futhi ungazifezi ezinye izinto ukuze ngengozi ungakhubeki ngamaphutha.



5. Kuvulwa iwindi elihlukile lepakethe. Lapha, bona idatha engenisiwe ukuze wazi ukuthi iyiphi ipharamitha okufanele ikhethwe.



6. Sinikeza ukusebenzisa uhlobo olujwayelekile "ngaphandle kokucushwa" ukuze ngokuzayo ukusetha i-parameter ngayinye.



7. Ngemuva kokuthi umsebenzi wokufaka ukuqhubeka, futhi uzokwaziswa ngokuqedwa kwawo lapho kuvela umugqa omusha wokufaka.



8. Lapho inqubo isiqediwe, engeza i-Server Service entsha ukuze i-autoload, ukufaka uhlelo lokuqala postfix.



9. Lesi senzo kufanele futhi siqinisekiswe ngokufaka iphasiwedi kwi-akhawunti ye-Superuser.



10. Manje kusebenze nge-SystemctL Nika amandla i-PostFix ukuqala ukusetha.



11. Kulesi sikhathi kuzodingeka ukuthi ufake iphasiwedi kaningana ngokushesha, ngoba ubuqiniso buzocela izingxenye ezihlukile ngasikhathi sinye.

Ngalezi zenzo, azikho izinkinga okufanele zibe nazo, ngoba azinalutho olunzima noma olungajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona okungekho kungasho ngohlelo, hlola ngokucophelela imilayezo echazwe kulayini weConsole, ngoba imvamisa aqukethe imininingwane yokulungisa isimo.

Isinyathelo 2: Ukusetha iseva efakiwe

Ukucushwa kweseva yemeyili efakiwe kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kuzoncika kulokhu kusebenza. Akukho mpendulo engathandeki noma ikhodi yomthombo obekungenze konke umsebenzi, kepha unganikeza amathiphu ajwayelekile ukwenza lula ukusebenza kokulungiswa kwezandla, esizokhombisa phambili.

1. Njengoba wazi, ukucushwa eLinux kwenziwa ngokushintsha imigqa ngamafayela akhethekile. Lokhu kusebenzisa umhleli wombhalo osebenzayo. Wabasaqalayo kungaba nzima ukukwazi kahle i-VI, ngakho-ke sikucebisa ukuthi usungule isisombululo esilula kuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka i-Sudo Apt Faka i-Nano Command ku-Console bese uqhafaza ku-Enter.



2. Qinisekisa isaziso sesidingo sokulanda imilando futhi ulindele ukuphela kokulanda.



3. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa iSudo Nano /ETC/Postfix/Main.CF umyalo ukwethula ifayela lokucushwa.



4. Lapha sinaka nje amapharamitha amakhulu. I-MyHostName - Ngemuva kwesibonakaliso = kufanele uchaze igama lokusingathwa kohlelo lweposi ku-inthanethi ukuze iseva ingathola futhi ithumele izinhlamvu.



5. Intambo ye-mydomain ibhekele ukugcina isizinda lapho iseva itholakala khona.



6. Ipharamitha ye-myorigin icacisa igama lesizinda elalisetshenzisiwe. Sinikeza ukuqhubeka ujwayele ukubukwa okuningi ku-myorigin = $ mydomain.



7. I-MyDestination yipharamitha yokugcina esifuna ukunaka kuyo. Lomugqa uchaza amagama wesizinda wokugcina lapho kungeniswa khona izinhlamvu. Cacisa amanani ngokuya ngezidingo zakho.



8. Ngemuva kokwenza zonke izinguquko, cindezela i-CTRL + O ukuze ulondoloze ifayela.



9. Musa ukushintsha igama layo, kepha mane uchofoze ku-ENTER.



10. Qedela umsebenzi kusihleli sombhalo nge-CTRL + X.



11. Manje udinga ukuqala kabusha iseva ukuze zonke izinguquko zifakwe amandla. Kwenze "kwisiginali" ngokubhala i-SystemctLL Layisha kabusha umyalo we-Postfix.



12. Awukwazi ukuthola ngokushesha ukuthi amanye amaphutha ekucushweni avunyelwe, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi kuqhume ithuluzi lokuhlola ngokusebenzisa isheke le-postfix. Emigqeni emisha, imininingwane ngesimo samanje seseva izokhonjiswa, futhi unganquma ukunemba komsebenzi.

Uma ngasizathu simbe kucatshangelwe ukuthi ifayela libhekwe nje ukuthi ifayela alidaliwe, lapho-ke uyalivula, uzothola imininingwane yokuthi le yinto entsha. Ngokufanelekile, ngeke isebenze ngokuphelele futhi yonke imigqa ebalulekile kuzofanele iyenze. Vele, ikhodi edingekayo ingatholwa kwi-Intanethi, kepha uzokwanela ukukopisha nokufaka imininingwane elandelayo.

# /Usr/local/ETC/POTFIX/MAIN.CF.

# Ifayela lokuhlela uhlelo lwe-Postfix imeyili.

#

Umugqa_Directory = / Var / Spool / Postfix

Umyalo_Directory = / USR / Local / SBin

Daemon_directory = / USR / yendawo / iLibexec / Postfix

Imeyili_ower = postfix.

Ezenzakalelayo_privs = akekho

I-MyHostName = YourHost.Yourdomain.com

I-mydomain = youdomain.com.

MyNetworks = 192.168.1.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8

Myorigin = $ mydomain

Inet_interfaces = $ MyHostname, Localhost

I-MyMestination = $ MyHostname, Localhost. $ Mydomain, $ mydomain

Ezenzakalelayo_trinsport = SMTP.

alias_database = hash: / njll / aziases

I-Mailbox_ComMAND = / USR / Esendaweni / Bin / POSIMAIL

I-SMTPD_BANNERER = $ MyHostname ESMPTP isilungile

Ama-smtpd_client_restrics = ama-imeyili_mynetworks, anqabile_unknown_client

I-Smtpd_Sender_restrics = Imvume_MyNetworks, i-Revre_unknown_Address, Dess_nton_fqdn_sender, Dess_Invalid_Hostname

I-SMTPD_Reciecient_Restrictions = Imvume_Mynetworks, i-Shop_mx_Fackup, Yenqaba_non_fqdn_sender, ukwenqaba_ak

I-Local_Mestination_CONCURSEPercy_limit = 2.

Okuzenzakalelayo_Destination_Concurrency_limit = 10.

Debug_peer_level = 2.

I-Debugger_Commnd =.

Indlela = / USR / BIN: / USR / X11R6 / Bin

I-XXGDB $ daemon_directory / $ process_name $ process_id & ukulala 5

Ngemuva kokuthi ihlala ukumane ilondoloze zonke lezi zinguquko futhi yenza ukuhlela okuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.

Isinyathelo 3: Bheka Imibiko Yekamu

Masigxile kafushane ekuhloleni ulayini we-Server Server. Kwesinye isikhathi inani lezinhlamvu ekuthumeleni liba nkulu ngenxa yokwehluleka okuhlukahlukene okuhambisana nokungakwazi ukuwathumela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlanza kuyadingeka ukusungula isimo. Ukubheka umugqa wamanje, sebenzisa umyalo we-imeyili. Emigqeni emisha, yonke imilayezo yonke ilinde okwamanje.

Uma kungazelelwe kuvela ukuthi ulayini uyachichima futhi akahambi nganoma iyiphi indlela, kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke ukwehluleka okuthile, okuvimbela ukusebenza kwenkonzo. Isixazululo sebhanali kunazo zonke kulesi simo ukuhlanza uhlu lwemiyalezo yokulinda. Lokhu kwenzeka ngomyalo we-PostFix Flush. Uma kungazange kusize, kuzofanele ufune izizathu zokuhlaziya isimo samanje seseva.

Njengesibonelo, sinaka inketho eyodwa ebukeka kanjena:

$ Echo "Lona Umzimba Womlayezo" | I-Mailx -S "Lokhu kuyisihloko" -R "njenge-Likegeeks" -I / PATHEK / KAKHULU

Unesibopho sokuthumela umyalezo kwiklayenti elithile ngezinjongo zokuqinisekisa. Yonke imininingwane ebithunyelwe kuleli qembu kufanele ithathelwe indawo yakho ukuze le ncwadi ihanjiswe ku-Addereeee. Imininingwane enemininingwane eminingi ukulungiswa kwemibhalo enjalo ingatholwa emibhalweni esemthethweni yeseva.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukusetha Kwezokuphepha

Kusuka kule mihlahlandlela engenhla usuvele uyazi ukuthi i-Postfix namanye amaseva axhumana namadivayisi ngenethiwekhi. Uma ukuxhumana kungavikelwe, isimo sokuhlaselwa singenzeka kakhulu ukuze sintshontshe idatha noma ukuphazamisa ukuqina kwe-OS. Indlela elula yokuhlela imithetho yezokuphepha usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-OpenSsh, kodwa ukuyiqala, kufanele ufake futhi wenze ukucushwa okuyinhloko. Funda kabanzi ngalokhu kwezinye izinto zokwakha kwiwebhusayithi yethu, usebenzisa izixhumanisi ezingezansi.

Funda kabanzi:

Ukufaka iSsh-Server in Ubuntu

Ukuhlelwa kwe-SSH e-CentOS 7

Ukusetha kwe-SHS ku-Ubuntu

I-OpenSSL Protocol ijabulela ukuthandwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, imibhalo eminingi ikhombisa izinketho zokusetha iseva yemeyili usebenzisa leli thuluzi. Izibonelo zemiyalo zibukeka kanjena:

I-OpenSSL GenRSA -Des3 -I-mail.Key

I-OpenSLL Req -New -Key Mail.Key -Out mail.csr

I-CP mail.key mail.key.original.

I-OpenSSL RSA -I-mail.key.original -Out mail_secure.key

I-OpenSSL X509 -Req -Days 365 -I-Mail.csr -Signugy Mail_Secure.Ky -Out Mail_Secure.crt

I-CP mail_secure.crt / njll / i-Postfix /

I-CP mail_secure.key / njll / postfix /

Banesibopho sokukhiqiza nokwamukela ukhiye wokuphepha. Ngokwengeziwe, kuzodingeka ngenze izinguquko ku - /etc/postfix/main.cf file ngokungeza imigqa enjalo:

I-SMTPD_USE_TLS = Yebo.

I-SMTPD_TLS_CETER_FILE = /TC/POTFIX/AMail_Secure.crt.

I-SMTPD_TLS_KEY_FILE = /TC/POTFIX/AMail_Secure.key.

I-SMTP_TLS_Security_level = Meyi.

Ngemuva kokwenza inqubo enjalo, ungakhohlwa ukuqala kabusha futhi uhlole iseva ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo kulungile.

Isinyathelo 5: Ukufakwa kwe-DOVECOT

Isigaba sokugcina sendatshana yanamuhla sizonikelwa ekufakweni nasekuhleleni i-dovecot. Le protocol yamahhala esetshenziswa amaklayenti ukufinyelela i-imeyili. Ikuvumela ukuthi usethe amapharamitha wokufinyelela e-akhawunti ngayinye, azohlinzeka ngokuhlunga kwedatha nokuqinisekiswa okusheshayo. Uma i-dovecot ingakakafakwa ekusakazeni kwakho, landela imiyalo elandelayo.

1. Ku-Console, faka i-Sudo Apt-Get-Get -J Faka iDovecot-Imapd DOVECOT-POP3D Command bese uqhafaza ku-ENTER. Kwabanikazi beRedhat, umyalo ubukeka ehlukile: DNF-By faka i-dovecot.



2. Qinisekisa amalungelo amakhulu ngokufaka iphasiwedi kulayini omusha.



3. Lindela ukuphela kokuthola nokugcina okungokoqobo. Ngalesi sikhathi sokusebenza, imithetho yephrofayili ye-OpenSH izovuselelwa.



4. Faka ithuluzi okukhulunywa ngalo ekuqaleni nge-systemctL Start DOVECOT.



5. Qinisekisa lesi senzo ngokubhala iphasiwedi ewindini elivelayo.



6. Faka uhlelo lwe-systemctl Nika amandla i-DOVECOT umyalo wokuqalisa i-dovecot.



7. Manje usungavula ifayela lokucushwa ukumisa nge-Sudo Nano /ETC/DoVecot/DoVecot.Conf.



8. Ekuqaleni, leli fayela ngeke libe cishe akukho mapharamitha, ngakho-ke bayodingeka ukuzifaka. Masingangeni ekunciphiseni kokusetha, kepha hlinzeka ngentambo eyisisekelo kuphela futhi edingekayo ongayikopisha, faka futhi ugcine ifayela.

   

   Amaphrothokholi = IMAP POP3 LMTP

   Lalela = *, ::

   Userdb {

   Umshayeli = Pam.

   }

   I-Mail_Llocation = I-MBBOX: ~ / Imeyili: Ibhokisi lokungenayo = / var / mail /% U

   I-SSL_CETET =.

   ssl_key = /pki/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem.

   Ukuze uthole i-firewall, uzodinga ngokwehlukana ukufaka okulandelayo:

   $ Iptables -Ukufaka -P TCP --dPort 110 -J amukele

   Ama- $ Iptables -Ukufaka -P TCP --dPort 995 -J amukele

   Ama- $ Iptables -Ukufaka -P TCP --dPort 143 -J amukele

   Ama- $ Iptable-Ukufaka -P TCP --dPort 993 -J amukele

   Ama- $ Iptables -Ukufaka -P TCP --dPort 25 -J ukwamukela

   Nge-firewalld, lesi sakhiwo sibukeka kancane ngenye indlela:

   $ Firewall-Cmd - Pormanyment --Add-Port = 110 / TCP --DD-Port = 995

   $ Firewall-Cmd - Pormanyment --Add-Port = 143 / TCP --DD-Port = 993

   $ Firewall-CMD --Reload

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, inqubo yokucushwa iyinkimbinkimbi ngempela, kepha uma imiyalo, konke kuzodlula ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kobunzima. Ngeshwa, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwendatshana eyodwa, kumane kwenzeka khona ukulingana nazo zonke izikhathi zokuxhumana nge-postfix, ngakho-ke sikucebisa ukuthi ufundele izinto zokwakha iwebhusayithi esemthethweni, uma kunesidingo.

Iya kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Postfix Mail Server