Indlela ukukhetha ikhadi vidiyo umbadlana

An eyengeziwe (ngokuqhubekayo) adaptha yevidiyo kuyadingeka ezimweni lapho kungekho esakhelwe chip wemifanekiso wokugaya kanye / noma lekhompyutha ludinga i operation elungile imidlalo esindayo, abahleli ingcaca kanye isiqophi bahlela izinhlelo.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi adaptha isiqophi kufanele abe iyahambisana wamanje ihluzo adaptha wokugaya. Futhi, uma uhlela ukusebenzisa ikhomphyutha for ihluzo esindayo imisebenzi ke qiniseka ukuthi umbadlana unekhono ukufaka uhlelo olwengeziwe ukupholisa yekhadi vidiyo.

abakhiqizi mayelana

Ukukhululwa ihluzo amakhadi ukudliwa ububanzi, abakhiqizi ezimbalwa kuphela enkulu bekwi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa ihluzo adapters ivuliwe NVIDIA ubuchwepheshe, AMD noma Intel. Zonke izinkampani ezintathu bekwi ukukhululwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa isiqophi amakhadi, cabanga ukhiye ukungezwani kwawo.

• NVIDIA kunazo inkampani abadumile ukuthi waziphatha ekukhishweni adapters wemifanekiso ukusetshenziswa okwandile. imikhiqizo bakhona ekuqaleni zigxile wabadlali kanye nalabo abasebenza efanele ngevidiyo kanye / noma imifanekiso. Nakuba kwakubiza okusezingeni eliphezulu imikhiqizo, abasebenzisi eziningi (ngisho afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye kakhulu) makudle lokhu inkampani ethile. adapters sayo zihlukaniswa nokwethenjelwa, ukusebenza eliphezulu futhi ukuhambisana ezinhle;
• AMD main esincintisana NVIDIA, ukuthuthukisa isiqophi amakhadi kubuchwepheshe lalo. Ngokuhlanganyela AMD processor, lapho kukhona ihlanganiswe ihluzo adaptha, imikhiqizo "red" ukunikeza ukusebenza eliphakeme. AMD adapters kakhulu okusheshayo, yashesha kahle, kodwa abe ezinye izinkinga okweqile kanye ukuhambisana ne izilimi we "blue" okuncintiswana naye kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abawona eqolo;



• Intel - Okokuqala, silwenza zonke izilimi nge ihluzo ihlanganiswe adaptha ngokuvumelana ubuchwepheshe siqu, kodwa futhi ekukhiqizeni futhi ingcaca ngabanye adapters. video amakhadi Intel kungukuthi zihlukaniswa ukusebenza high, kodwa ukuthatha izinga kanye nokwethembeka kwabo, ngakho Lifanele for an avamile "ihhovisi umshini." Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanani azo impela high;



• MSI - ukukhishwa isiqophi amakhadi ngu NVIDIA patent. Okokuqala, kuziwa orientation abanikazi imishini yokugembula futhi imishini yobuchwepheshe. Imikhiqizo yale nkampani iyabiza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo elikhiqizayo, eliphezulu futhi cishe bengayi imbangela anezinkinga;



• Gigabyte kungenye nomkhiqizi izingxenye computer, okuyinto awusakufuni inkambo phezu ingxenye leyo mishini yokudlala. Ngokuyinhloko, ukhiqiza amakhadi isiqophi usebenzisa NVIDIA ubuchwepheshe, kodwa kukhona imizamo AMD amakhadi amasampuli babe. Umsebenzi we adapters wesithombe kusukela lokhu umakhi akubangi izikhalazo sina, plus banayo ngentengo kancane eyamukelekayo ezingaphezu kuka MSI futhi NVIDIA;



• ASUS kuyinto nomkhiqizi kakhulu odumile imishini computer kwi computer futhi izingxenye kubo. Muva nje, yaqala ukukhiqiza amakhadi isiqophi ngokuvumelana NVIDIA futhi AMD ejwayelekile. Ezimweni eziningi, le nkampani inyathelisa adapters ingcaca amageyimu futhi amakhompyutha professional, kodwa futhi kukhona onobuhle eshibhile multimedia okuzenzela izikhungo.

Libuye kukhunjulwe kuwufanele ukuthi ividiyo amakhadi zihlukaniswe uchungechunge eziningana eziyisisekelo:

• NVIDIA GeForce. Lo mugqa isetshenziswa yibo bonke abakhiqizi ukuthi ukukhululwa NVIDIA amakhadi;
• AMD Radeon. AMDs ezisetshenzisiwe ngokwabo kanye abakhiqizi imikhiqizo ngezindinganiso AMD;
• Intel HD Graphics. Kusetshenziswe kuphela Intel.

Izifundo ngaphansi ikhadi isiqophi

Kuzo zonke motherboards yesimanje kukhona ekhethekile PCI uhlobo isixhumi, ngawo ungakwazi ukuxhuma i-adaptha ingcaca ezengeziwe namanye izingxenye. Okwamanje ihlukaniswe yaba izinguqulo ezimbili eziyinhloko: PCI futhi PCI-Express.

Inketho yokuqala ngokushesha akusebenzi futhi abuzange bandwidth engcono, Ngakho-ke akwenzi mqondo ukuthenga esinamandla ihluzo adaptha ngaphansi kwaso, ngoba Lesi sakamuva izosebenza kuphela isigamu amandla okubusa. Kodwa-ke ubhekana kahle isabelomali ihluzo namakhadi "imishini ehhovisi" multimedia izikhungo. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ukubona uma ikhadi isiqophi isekela lolu hlobo lwe-inthanethi. Ezinye amasampula yesimanje (ngisho ingxenye ibhajethi) kungenzeka ukusekela isixhumi ezinjalo.

Indlela yesibili ngokuvamile atholakala motherboards yesimanje futhi isekelwa cishe yonke isiqophi amakhadi, ngaphandle imifanekiso endala kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthenga esinamandla ihluzo adaptha (noma adapters eziningana), ngoba isondo wayo inikeza komkhawulokudonsa esiphezulu futhi ukuhambisana enhle kakhulu nge processor, RAM kanye nomsebenzi ngamakhadi isiqophi eziningana ndawonye. Nokho, motherboards ngaphansi kwalesi isixhumi kungaba eqolo.

Isixhumi PCI zingahlukaniswa zibe izinguqulo eziningana - 2.0, 2.1 no 3.0. Ayanda version, ngcono bandwidth isondo nokusebenza ikhadi isiqophi emshuqulwini nezinye izingxenye PC. Kungakhathaliseki version isixhumi, kuyothiwa kalula setha ukufaka noma iyiphi i-adaptha uma eya le isixhumi.

Futhi kumaboards amadala kakhulu kamama angatholakala esikhundleni sokuxhumeka kwe-PCI okujwayelekile, isokhethi yohlobo lwe-AGP. Kuyisixhumi esiphelelwe yisikhathi futhi azikho izakhi cishe ezingakhiqizwa ngaphansi kwaso, ngakho-ke uma unebhodi endala kakhulu, bese kuba nekhadi levidiyo elisha ngaphansi kwesixhumi esinjalo kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukulithola.

Mayelana nama-video chips

I-chip yevidiyo iyi-processor encane ehlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kwamakhadi wevidiyo. Amandla we-adaptha yehluzo ancike kukho futhi ngokwengxenye ukuhambisana kwawo nezinye izingxenye zekhompyutha (ngokuyinhloko ne-processor ephakathi nendawo kanye ne-Chipboard Chipset). Isibonelo, amakhadi wevidiyo we-AMD nama-Intel ne-Intel nama-Video anama-video ama-chips, anikezela ukuhambisana okuhle kakhulu nge-processor yomenzi, ngaphandle kwalokho ulahlekelwa ngokuqinile ekukhiqizeni nasezingeni lomsebenzi.

Ukusebenza kwama-chips wevidiyo, ngokungafani neprosesa eliphakathi, akulinganiswa ku-nuclei kanye nemvamisa, kodwa nge-shader (computing) emabhuloki. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuyinto efana ne-mini-core yeprosesa eliphakathi, kumakhadi wevidiyo kuphela inani labanjalo lingafinyelela izinkulungwane eziningana. Isibonelo, amamephu weklasi lesabelomali anamabhulokhi angama-400-600, isilinganiso esingu-600-1000, ephezulu kakhulu 1000-2800.

Naka inqubo yokukhiqiza chip. Kukhonjiswe kuma-nanometers (nm) futhi kufanele ahluka kusuka ku-14 kuye ku-65 nm kumakhadi wevidiyo wanamuhla. Ukusuka ekutheni inani lincane kangakanani ukusetshenziswa kwamakhadi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokusebenza kwalo okushisayo kuncike kakhulu. Kunconywa ukuthenga amamodeli ngenani elincane kakhulu lenqubo yezobuchwepheshe, ngoba Zihlangene kakhulu, zidla amandla kancane futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - ngokweqile ngokweqile.

Umphumela wememori yevidiyo ekusebenzeni

Imemori yevidiyo okuthile kunokufana nokusebenza, kepha umehluko omkhulu ukuthi usebenza kancane ngamanye amazinga futhi unemvamisa ephakeme. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi imemori yevidiyo ihambisana ne-RAM, iprosesa kanye nebhodi lomama, ngoba Ibhodi lomama lisekela inkumbulo ethile yevidiyo, imvamisa kanye nohlobo.

Imakethe manje iveza amakhadi wevidiyo ngokuvama kwe-GDDR3, GDDR5, GDDR5X ne-HBM. Lesi sakamuva siyindinganiso ye-AMD, esetshenziswa kuphela ngumenzi, ngakho-ke imishini eyenziwe ngokusho kwe-AMD Standard ingahle iphakamise izinkinga ezinkulu ekusebenzeni nakwabanye abakhiqizi (amakhadi wevidiyo, amaprosesa). Ngokusebenza, i-HBM yinto eqondile phakathi kwe-GDDR5 ne-GDDR5X.

I-GDDR3 isetshenziswa kumakhadi wevidiyo wesabelomali nge-chip ebuthakathaka, ngoba Ukucubungula ukusakazwa kwedatha yememori enkulu, amandla aphezulu wekhompyutha ayadingeka. Lolu hlobo lwememori lunemvamisa embalwa emakethe - ebangeni le-1600 MHz kuya ku-2000 MHz. Akunconyelwe ukuthola i-adaptha yehluzo, lapho imvamisa yememori ingaphansi kuka-1600 MHz, ngoba Kulokhu, ngisho nemidlalo ebuthakathaka izosebenza kakhulu.

Uhlobo lwememori olusebenzayo kakhulu lwe-GDDR5, olusetshenziswa esigabeni samanani aphakathi futhi ngisho nakwamanye amamodeli wesabelomali. Imvamisa yewashi yalolu hlobo lwememori imayelana ne-2000-3600 MHZ. Ku-adaptha ebizayo, kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwememori oluthuthukisiwe - I-GDDR5x, enikezela ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokudlulisa idatha, kanye nokuba nemvamisa ku-5000 MHz.

Ngaphezu kohlobo lwememori, naka inani laso. Kukhona cishe i-1 GB yememori yevidiyo kumakhadi wesabelomali, esigabeni samanani aphakathi nendawo anengqondo impela ukuthola amamodeli anenkumbulo engu-2 GB. Esigabeni esibizayo, ikhadi levidiyo elinenkumbulo engu-6 GB kungenzeka. Ngenhlanhla, ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwemidlalo eminingi yesimanje, ama-adap we-Graphic ane-2 GB yememori yevidiyo akwanele. Kepha uma udinga ikhompyutha yokudlala engadonsa imidlalo ekhiqizayo futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2-3, bese uthenge amakhadi wevidiyo ngememori ephezulu kakhulu. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngeqiniso lokuthi kungcono ukunikeza ukukhetha kuhlobo lwememori GDDR5 kanye nokuguqulwa kwalo, lapho kungafanele kuxoshwe amavolumu amakhulu. Kungcono ukuthenga ikhadi nge-2 GB GDDDR5 kune-4 GB GDDR3.

Ngisho nokunaka ububanzi bebhasi ekudluliseleni idatha. Akunacala uma kungabi namabhithi angaphansi kwama-128, ngenye indlela, uzoba nokusebenza okuphansi cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo. Ububanzi obufanele bethayi buyehluka phakathi kwezingcezu ezingama-128-384.

Amandla okusebenza kahle kwamandla

Amanye amabhodi ezistimu nezinhlinzeko kagesi azikwazi ukugcina amandla adingekayo kanye / noma awunakho ukuxhumana okukhethekile ukuxhuma amandla ekhadi levidiyo elifunayo, ngakho-ke nalo engqondweni. Uma i-adaptha yehluzo ingafanele isizathu sokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, khona-ke ungayifaka (uma izimo ezisele zifanelekile), kepha ungakutholi ukusebenza okuphezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamakhadi wevidiyo ekilasi elihlukile kungokulandelayo:

• Ikilasi lokuqala alikho ngaphezu kwama-70 W. W. W. W. Ikhadi lalesi sigaba ngaphandle kwezinkinga lizosebenza nanoma yiliphi ibhodi lesimanjemanje lokunikezwa kwamandla;
• Isigaba esiphakathi singaphakathi kuka-70-150 W. Kulokhu, akuzona zonke izinto ezizofaneleka;
• Amamephu asebenza kakhulu - cishe angu-150 kuya ku-300 W. Kulokhu, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okukhethekile kanye ne-matoreboard kuzodingeka, evumelana nezidingo zemishini yokudlala.

Ukupholisa kumakhadi wevidiyo

Uma adaptha ingcaca iqala okweqile, khona-ke, efana processor, angeke nje wehluleka, kodwa futhi kulimaze ubuqotho umbadlana, okuzokwenza kamuva kuholele zokugwema ukuphuka sina. Ngakho-ke, ngeke amakhadi isiqophi kubonakala esakhelwe uhlelo Ukuphola, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• Passive - kuleli cala, it is hhayi exhunywe ibalazwe noma lutho lwaluyophola, noma nje kurediyetha ehilelekile inqubo, engesiyo kuphumelela kangcono. i-adaptha okunjalo ngokuvamile akukho ukusebenza high, ngakho-ke, ukuba ungaguli kakhulu lwaluyophola ngoba ngaphandle isidingo;



• Active - kukhona kakade uhlelo olusebenza ngokugcwele ukupholisa - nge kurediyetha, umlandeli futhi ngezinye izikhathi nge ukushisa zethusi echibini amashubhu. Kungasetshenziswa kumavidiyo anoma yiluphi uhlobo. Omunye okukhethwa iningi Ukupholisa ngempumelelo;



• Ibubulo elenziwe ngesimbi - ngezindlela eziningi kubonakala sengathi inguqulo esebenzayo. Ikesi kunalokho omkhulu unamathele ikhadi, lapho kukhona ophephela ekhethekile edonsa emoyeni amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu nokushayela ngokusebenzisa kurediyetha futhi amashubhu ekhethekile. Ngenxa Ubukhulu bayo ingafakwa kuphela amakhadi enkulu nenamandla.

Nakani yokuthi izindwani fan futhi izindonga kurediyetha zenziwa. Uma imithwalo emikhulu babelwa ikhadi, kungcono ukulahla onobuhle radiators plastic futhi ucabangele inketho aluminium. I radiators engcono ngethusi noma yensimbi nezindonga. Futhi, ngoba kakhulu "hot" adapters ingcaca, abalandeli zensimbi izindwani kangcono, hhayi plastic, ngoba Labo kungase ancibilike.

Ubukhulu kwevidiyo amakhadi

Uma une encane kanye / noma ezishibhile ibhodi uhlelo, zama ukukhetha adapters encane ingcaca, ngoba Inkulu kakhulu ungathola umbadlana ababuthakathaka noma bamane nje uzigqoka uma incane kakhulu.

Separations ku Ubukhulu, njengoba enjalo. Ezinye amakhadi angase abe mancane, kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu onobuhle ababuthakathaka ngaphandle ohlelweni ukupholisa, noma nge kurediyetha encane. Ubukhulu ngqo zingcono ucacise kuwebhusayithi umenzi noma esitolo lapho ukuthenga.

Ububanzi ikhadi ividiyo ingase incike inani ukuxhumana kuso. On izimo ezishibhile, eyodwa umugqa uxhumano ngokuvamile samanje (2 izingcezu ilandelana).

Nezixhumi kuvidiyo ikhadi

Uhlu okokufaka zangaphandle kuhlanganisa:

• DVI - Ngalo, ixhunywe ngabaqaphi yesimanje, ngakho-ke le isixhumi abakhona acishe kuwo wonke amakhadi vidiyo. It ihlukaniswe yaba subtypes ezimbili - DVI-mina DVI-D. Esimweni sokuqala, kukhona kuphela isixhumi digital, Neyesibili kukhona isiginali ye-analog;
• I-HDMI - ngayo, kungenzeka ukuxhuma ama-TV wanamuhla kwikhompyutha. Kukhona isixhumi esinjalo kuphela kumakhadi wesigaba samanani aphakathi nendawo aphezulu;
• I-VGA - kudingeka uxhumanise abaqaphi abaningi nama-projektha;
• I-Displayport - kunenombolo encane kuphela yamamodeli wekhadi levidiyo, esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma uhlu oluncane labaqaphi abakhethekile.

Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi unaka ubukhona bokuxhumeka okukhethekile kokudla okwengeziwe kokudla okunamandla kwamakhadi wevidiyo anamandla (amamodeli emishini ye- "Office ye-Multimedia" ayidingeki kangako). Ahlukaniswe nge-6 no-8 PIN. Ngokusebenza okulungile, kuyadingeka ukuthi ikhadi lakho lezemidlalo kanye neyunithi yokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okusekela kanye nenani labo loxhumana nabo.

Ukusekelwa kwamakhadi wevidiyo ambalwa

Amakhadi kamama wezilinganiso eziphakathi nendawo futhi ezinkulu zinama-slots ambalwa ukuxhuma amakhadi wevidiyo. Imvamisa inombolo yabo ayidluli izingcezu ezi-4, kepha kumakhompyutha akhethekile kungahle kube nokunye okuningana. Ngaphezu kokutholakala kwezixhumi zamahhala, kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi amakhadi wevidiyo angasebenza ngesigaxa komunye nomunye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cabanga ngemithetho eminingana:

• Ibhodi lomama kufanele lisekele umsebenzi wamakhadi amaningana wevidiyo esikhungweni. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi isixhumi esidingekayo siyatholakala, kepha i-makeoard yomama isekela kuphela i-adaptha eyodwa, ngenkathi isixhumi esingeziwe senza isixhumi esiphezulu kakhulu;
• Wonke amakhadi wevidiyo kumele enziwe nge-BEALTION One - Nvidia noma i-AMD. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye futhi bazongqubuzana, okungaholela ekwehlulekeni ohlelweni;
• Kumabhodi we-Graphics, kumele futhi kube nezixhumi ezikhethekile zenqwaba nazo kusuka kwamanye ama-adaptha, uma kungenjalo ngeke uzuze ukuthuthuka kokusebenza. Uma kunesixhumi esisodwa esinjalo kumamephu, khona-ke kuphela i-adaptha eyodwa kuphela engaxhunywa uma okokufaka kubili, khona-ke inani eliphakeme lamakhadi wevidiyo angeziwe anyuswa ku-3, kanye ne-Main.

Kukhona omunye umthetho obalulekile maqondana nekhadi lomama - kumele kube nokwesekwa kobuchwepheshe bamakhadi wevidiyo - sli noma umlilo. Owokuqala yi-Brass Nvidia, owesibili yi-AMD. Njengomthetho, ohlelweni oluningi, ikakhulukazi isabelomali kanye nengxenye yesabelomali sesibili, kukhona ukwesekwa koyedwa kubo. Ngakho-ke, uma une-adaptha ye-NVIDIA, futhi ufuna ukuthenga elinye ikhadi kumenzi ofanayo, kepha i-Motherboard isekela kuphela ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwe-AMD, kuzodingeka buthathe isikhundla sekhadi levidiyo elikhulu ku-AMD bese uthenge okungeziwe kusuka okufanayo Umkhiqizi.

Akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni ubuchwepheshe umsipha isekela umbadlana - ividiyo eyodwa ikhadi kusuka kunoma iyiphi nomkhiqizi izosebenza evamile (uma eminye iyahambisana wokugaya central), kodwa uma ufuna ukusetha amakhadi amabili, khona-ke ungase ube nezinkinga.

Ase nibheke izinzuzo zamakhadi isiqophi eziningana usebenza isixha:

• Khulisa komkhiqizo;
• Ngezinye izikhathi kuba inzuzo engaphezulu ukuthenga ividiyo ikhadi ezengeziwe (ngokuya ngenani-izinga isilinganiso) kuka ukufaka ezintsha, namandla kakhulu;
• Uma omunye amakhadi behluleka, nekhompyutha uzohlala kahle asebenzayo futhi uzokwazi Nokho ukudonsa imidlalo esindayo, kakade izilungiselelo aphansi.

Kukhona futhi nebubi yayo:

• anezinkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ufaka amakhadi amabili ividiyo, ukusebenza kungaba lusizi nakakhulu;
• Ukuze operation esitebeleni, esinamandla ugesi kanye nokupholisa ezinhle liyadingeka, ngoba Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi nokudlulisa ukushisa zamakhadi isiqophi eziningana efakwe eseduze inyuka kakhulu;
• Abakwazi ukukhiqiza umsindo ngaphezulu ngenxa yezizathu kusukela iphuzu odlule.

Lapho uthenga ikhadi isiqophi, qiniseka ukuqhathanisa zonke izici ibhodi uhlelo, amandla supply kanye processor central nge izincomo zalolu hlobo locingo. Futhi qiniseka ukuthenga imodeli lapho yesiqinisekiso enkulu unikezwa, ngoba Le ngxenye ye-computer echayeke imithwalo emikhulu futhi bangase bahluleke noma ngasiphi isikhathi. Isilinganiso sewaranti kuyahlukahluka ezinyangeni ezingu 12-24, kodwa mhlawumbe nangaphezulu.