Ungayikhetha njani ikhadi levidiyo kwibhodi yamalungu

I-adaptha yevidiyo eyongezelelweyo (i-GRETE) iyimfuneko kwiimeko apho kungekho chip ye-chip eyakhelwe kwiprosesa kwaye / okanye ikhompyuter ifuna ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwimidlalo enzima, abahleli bemifanekiso kunye neenkqubo zokuhlela zevidiyo.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba i-adaptha yevidiyo kufuneka ihambelane neadaptha yemizobo yangoku kunye neprosesa. Kwakhona, ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha imisebenzi enzima yemizobo, emva koko uqiniseke ukuba ibhodi yamalungu inesakhono sokufaka inkqubo eyongezelelweyo yokupholisa kwikhadi levidiyo.

Malunga nabavelisi

Ngokukhutshwa kwamakhadi amachaphaza ukuba basebenzise kakhulu, bambalwa abavelisi abambalwa ababandakanyekayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuveliswa kweeadaptha zemizobo zikwiitekhnoloji ze-NVIDIA, i-AMD okanye Intel. Onke amashishini amathathu abandakanyeka ekukhululweni nasekuphuhlisweni kwamakhadi evidiyo, cinga ngokwamahluko.

• I-NVidia yeyona nkampani idumileyo ebandakanyekayo ekukhutshweni kweeadapters zegrafu zokufumana umvuzo. Iimveliso zayo zigxile kubadlali kunye nabo basebenza kakuhle ngevidiyo kunye / okanye imizobo. Ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu zeemveliso, abasebenzisi abaninzi (bengafuni nokuba bafune kakhulu) abakhetha le nkampani. Iiadapters zahlulelwe ngokuxhomekeka, ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuhambelana kakuhle;
• I-AMD yeyona nto ikhuphisana nayo i-NVidia, iphuhlisa amakhadi evidiyo kwitekhnoloji yayo. Ngokubambisana neprosesa ye-AMD, apho kukho iadaptha ezidityanisiweyo, "iimveliso ezibomvu" zibonelela ngeyona ndlela iphezulu. Iiadapters ze-AMD zikhawuleza kakhulu, zakhawuleziswa ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa zineengxaki zokugqogqaka kunye nokuhambelana nabathengisi "boluhlobo", kodwa kwangaxeshanye ababizi kakhulu;



• I-Intel-Okokuqala kubo bonke, yenza umgqaliselo nge-adaptha yemizobo edityanisiweyo ngokweetekhnoloji yakho, kodwa ivelise imveliso kunye neeadapters zomzobo ngamnye. Amakhadi evidiyo ye-Intel awahluleki ngokusebenza okuphezulu, kodwa athabatha umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kwabo, kufanelekile ukuba kusetyenziswe i-ofisi "eqhelekileyo." Kwangelo xesha, ixabiso labo liphezulu kakhulu;



• I-MSI-Khupha amakhadi evidiyo nge-NVidia Patent. Okokuqala, ivela kuqeqesho kubanini boomatshini bokudlala kunye nezixhobo zobungcali. Iimveliso zale nkampani ziyabiza, kodwa kwangaxeshanye zinemveliso, ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye azibangeli imicimbi yokuhambelana;



• I-Gigabyte lolunye umenzi wezinto zekhompyuter, ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha ikhosi kwicandelo loomatshini bokudlala. Ngokusisiseko, uvelisa amakhadi evidiyo usebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-NVIDIA, kodwa kukho imizamo yokuvelisa amakhadi eSampul. Umsebenzi weeadapthi zegraphic ezivela kolu velisi azibangeli naziphi na izikhalazo ezinzulu, kunye nexabiso elamkelekileyo kancinane kuneMSI ne-NVidivia;



• I-Asus ngowona mvelisi udumileyo wezixhobo zekhompyuter kwikhompyuter kunye nezinto kubo. Kutshanje, yaqala ukuvelisa amakhadi evidiyo ngokwe-NVidia kunye nomgangatho we-AMD. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inkampani ivelisa ii-adapters zegraphic kwimidlalo kunye neekhompyuter ezinobuchule, kodwa kukho iimodeli ezingabizi kakhulu kumaziko e-Multimedia.

Kukufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba amakhadi evidiyo ahlulwe kuchungechunge olusisiseko:

• Gevidia geceforce. Lo mgca usetyenziswa ngabo bonke abavelisi abakhupha amakhadi e-NVidia;
• I-AMD Radeon. Isetyenziswe ii-amds ngokwazo kwaye abavelisi bavelisa iimveliso ngokwemigangatho ye-AMD;
• I-Intel Digrac. Isetyenziswa kuphela nge-intel.

Iikhosi phantsi kweKhadi leVidiyo

Kuzo zonke iibhodi zale mihla kukho isinxibelelanisi sohlobo olukhethekileyo sePCI, onokuthi uqhagamshele iadaptha yegraphic kunye nezinye izinto. Okwangoku yahlulwe yangamagama amabini aphambili: iPCI kunye nePCI.

Inketho yokuqala ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayinayo i-bandwidth elungileyo, ngenxa yoko ayinangqondo yokuthenga iadaptha yemizobo enamandla ngaphantsi kwayo, kuba Elokugqibela liza kusebenza kuphela isiqingatha samandla ayo. Kodwa iphulukene kakuhle kunye namakhadi emizobo yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali "kumatshini weofisi" kunye namaziko e-Multimedia. Qiniseka ukuba i-video ixhasa olu hlobo lokunxibelelana. Ezinye iisampulu zanamhlanje (kwanendlu yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali) ayinakho ukuxhasa isinxibelelanisi esinjalo.

Inketho yesibini ihlala ifumaneka kwiibhodi zale mihla kwaye ixhaswa phantse kuwo onke amakhadi evidiyo, ngaphandle kwemodeli yakudala kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthenga iadaptha ezinamandla (okanye ii-adapter), kuba Itayara yayo ibonelela ngebhendi ephezulu kunye nokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo neprosesa, i-RAM kunye nomsebenzi wamakhadi eevidiyo ezininzi kunye. Nangona kunjalo, iibhodi zamakhaya phantsi kwesi sinxibelelanisi zinokubiza kakhulu.

Umnxibelelanisi wePCI unokwahlulwa kwiinguqulelo ezininzi - 2.0, 2.1 kunye ne-3.0. Ukuphakama kwenguqulelo, engcono i-bandwidth yetayara kunye nokusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kwibhanti kunye namanye amacandelo ePC. Nokuba ingaba inguqulelo yomnxibelelanisi, iya kusetwa ngokulula ukufaka nayiphi na iadaptha ukuba isondela esi sinxibelelanisi.

Kwakhona kwiibhodi ezindala kakhulu zinokufumaneka endaweni yoqhagamshelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-PCI, isokisi ye-AGP. Sisixhobo sokuqhagamshelwa okuphelileyo kwaye akukho zinto ziphantse zange ziveliswe phantsi kwaso, ke ukuba unebhodi yakudala kakhulu, emva koko iKhadi levidiyo entsha phantsi kwesinxibelelasi liya kuba nzima ukufumana.

Malunga neetshipsi zevidiyo

I-chip yevidiyo yinkqubo yemini edityaniswe kuyilo lwekhadi levidiyo. Amandla emizobo axhomekeke kuyo kwaye ngokuyinxalenye yakhe kunye namanye amacandelo ekhompyuter (ngokuyintloko kunye ne-Central Prossar kunye ne-chipt yebhodi yamalungu). Umzekelo, amakhadi evidiyo ye-AMD ane-Intel ane-chips zevidiyo, ebonelela ngokungqinelana ngokugqibeleleyo nomsebenzi weprosesa, kungenjalo ulahlekelwa kakhulu kwimveliso yomsebenzi.

Ukusebenza kweetshipsi zevidiyo, ngokwahlukileyo kwiprosesa eyiNtloko, ayilinganiswanga kwi-nuclei kunye ne-frequency, kodwa kwi-shader (ikhompyuter) iibhloko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi-Mini-Core-Core yeprosesa yePRORTE, kuphela kwikhadi levidiyo inani lezinto ezinokufikelela kwiwaka. Umzekelo, iimephu zeklasi yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali zineebhloko ezingama-400-600, umndilili we-600-1000, ephezulu 1000-2800.

Nika ingqalelo inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-chip. Iboniswa kwii-nanometers (NM) kwaye kufuneka yahluka ukusuka kwi-14 ukuya kwi-65 NM kumakhadi evidiyo yanamhlanje. Ukusuka ekubeni ixabiso elincinci lokusetyenziswa kwamandla ikhadi kunye nokuhamba kwayo kwe-thermal kuxhomekeke kakhulu. Kucetyiswa ukuthenga iimodeli ngexabiso elincinci lenkqubo yezobugcisa, kuba Bacinga kakhulu, ngaphantsi kwamandla kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu - kakhulu.

Iziphumo zeMemori yeVidiyo kwiNtsebenzo

Imemori yevidiyo Inokufana nomsebenzi, kodwa owona mahluko uphambili kukuba isebenza kancinci kweminye imigangatho kwaye inomsebenzi ophezulu wokusebenza. Ngaphandle koku, kubalulekile ukuba imemori yevidiyo ihambelana ne-RAM, iprosesa kunye nebhodi yebhodi, kuba Ibhodi yamanye ixhasa imemori yevidiyo ethile, rhoqo kunye nohlobo.

Imarike ngoku ibeka amakhadi evidiyo nge-frequenchente ye-GDDR3, i-GDDR5, i-GDDR5X kunye ne-HBM. Le yokugqibela ngumgangatho we-AMD, osetyenziswa kuphela ngomenzi, ke izixhobo ezenziwe ngokomgangatho we-AMD unokuvela iingxaki ezinzulu ekusebenzeni namacandelo abo bavelisi (amakhadi evidiyo, iiprosesa). Ngomsebenzi, i-HBM yinto ethetha phakathi kwe-gidr5 ne-GDDR5X.

I-GDDR3 isetyenziswa kwiikhadi zevidiyo yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali ene-chip ebuthathaka, kuba Ukuqhubela phambili umjikelo wedatha enkulu yememori, amandla okuphumelela okuphezulu kuyafuneka. Olu hlobo lwememori lunexesha elizayo lentengiso-kuluhlu lwe-1600 MHZ ukuya kwi-2000 mhz. Akucetyiswa ukuba ufumana iadaptha yemizobo, apho imemori ireferensi ingaphantsi kwe-1600 MHz, kuba Kule meko, kwanemidlalo ebuthathaka iya kusebenza kakhulu.

Olona hlobo lwememori olwenziwayo yi-GDDR5, elisetyenziswa kudidi lwamaxabiso aphakathi kwaye nakwiimodeli ezithile zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Iwotshi yewotshi yolu hlobo lwememori imalunga no-2000-3600 MHz. Kwii-Adapters ezinqabileyo, Uhlobo lwememori ephuculweyo lusetyenziswa - i-GDDR5X, ebonelela ngeyona nqanaba liphezulu lokudlulisela, kunye nokuphinda-phinda ukuya kwi-5000 mhz.

Ukongeza kuhlobo lwememori, nikela ingqalelo kubungakanani bayo. Kukho malunga ne-1 GB yememori yevidiyo kumakhadi ohlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kudidi lwamaxabiso aphakathi kuyinto eqinisekileyo yokufumana iimodeli nge-2 GB yememori. Kwicandelo elibizayo kakhulu, ikhadi levidiyo eline-6 ​​GB lememori linokwenzeka. Ngethamsanqa, ukusebenzela okuqhelekileyo kweyona midlalo mihla le, ii-didapters ezinemifanekiso nge-2 GB yememori yevidiyo yanele. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ikhompyuter yokudlala enokutsala imidlalo enemveliso kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-2-3, uthenga amakhadi evidiyo ngememori ephezulu. Kananjalo ungalibali into yokuba kungcono ukunika ukhetho kuhlobo lwememori gaddr5 kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo, kwimeko yayo engakhange igxothwe ngaphezulu kwevolumu enkulu. Kungcono ukuthenga ikhadi nge-2 GB GBDR5 kune-4 GB GDDR3.

Nokuba unako ingqalelo kububanzi bebhasi yokuhambisa idatha. Akukho kwimeko apho kufanele ukuba ibe ngaphantsi kwe-128 yeebits, kungenjalo, uya kuba nempumelelo esezantsi phantse kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Ububanzi obugqibeleleyo be-sure buyahluka ngaphakathi kwi-128-384 beebits.

I-Adapters Medicacy Grainic

Ezinye iibhodi zenkqubo kunye nezinto zombane azikwazi ukugcina amandla afunekayo kunye / okanye azinalo uqhagamshelo olukhethekileyo lokuqhagamshela amandla ekhadi levidiyo elifunwayo, kunjalo. Ukuba iadaptha ye-pictockics ayifanelekanga kwisizathu sokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu, emva koko unokuyifaka (ukuba iimeko ezisele zilungile), kodwa azisebenzi kakuhle.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amakhadi evidiyo yeklasi eyahlukileyo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iklasi yokuqala ayingaphezulu kwama-70 w. Ikhadi leli klasi ngaphandle kweengxaki liza kusebenza nakweyiphi na ibhodi yamanye amanye kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla;
• Udidi oluphakathi lungekapheli i-70-150 w. Kule nto, ayizizo zonke izinto eziza kufanelekile;
• Imephu yokusebenza ephezulu-malunga ne-150 ukuya kwi-300 W. Kule meko, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okhethekileyo kunye nebhodi yomama kuya kufuneka, nto leyo ihlengahlengisiweyo kwiimfuno zoomatshini bokudlala.

Ukupholisa kumakhadi evidiyo

Ukuba zombini graphic uqala nobushushu, ngoko ke, ngathi kumqhubekekisi, lungangaphumeleli nje kuphela, kodwa konakalise isidima motherboard, nto leyo eya kamva kukhokelela breakage kakhulu. Ngoko ke, amakhadi nevidiyo iya kubonwa eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwindlela okupholisa, nto leyo nayo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezininzi:

• Kwisixando sokwenziwa - kulo mzekelo, akulungile ehlonyelwe kwimaphu okanye nto ngenxa zokupholisa, okanye kuphela radiator inxaxheba kule nkqubo, nto leyo isebenza ngakumbi. Olo adaptha idla akukho ukusebenza eliphezulu, ngoko, ngakumbi kakhulu okupholisa kuba ngaphandle kwesidingo;



• Active - kukho sele inkqubo-wokuyisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo okupholisa - kunye kwiradiyetha, ifeni kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunye nobushushu zobhedu kwimibhobho esinkini. Ungasetyenziswa iividiyo nayiphi na uhlobo. Enye yezinto ezininzi iinketho lungapholi olusebenzayo;



• Ephendulwa - ngeendlela ezininzi kukhangeleka ngathi kuguqulelo esebenzayo. Ityala kunokuba omkhulu iqhotyoshelwe kwikhadi, apho kukho injini ekhethekileyo okuwisa umoya ngesantya esiphezulu senxulumano kwaye uqhuba ngapha kwi radiator kunye neetyhubhu ezizodwa. Ngenxa imilinganiso yalo ingafakwa kuphela amakhadi omkhulu nowomeleleyo.

Nikelani ingqalelo into yokuba yabe yokwela kunye neendonga kwiradiyetha enziwayo. Ukuba imithwalo emikhulu ababelwe ukuba ikhadi, kungcono ukuba bashiye onobuhle radiators zeplastiki ingqalelo ukhetho-aluminiyam. Le radiators ezingcono ngobhedu okanye nentsimbi iindonga. Kwakhona, ngokuba amaqhoshana nathi "ashushu" graphic, abalandeli kunye iincakuba zentsimbi zezona zilungele, yaye hayi zeplastiki, ngokuba Abo ziphele.

Amacala amakhadi yokuzonwabisa

Ukuba unayo ibhodi inkqubo encinane kunye / okanye cheap, zama ukukhetha amaqhoshana ezincinane graphic, ngokuba enkulu kakhulu Ungafumana i motherboard obuthathaka okanye nje musani alinxibe ukuba incinci kakhulu.

Ukuhlukana mabuguquke, njengoko injalo. Amanye amakhadi ukuze encinane, kodwa ke ezi idla imifuziselo ababuthathaka ngaphandle nayiphi na inkqubo sokupholisa, okanye kwiradiyetha encinane. Imilinganiselo ngqo ngcono ukuba ukhankanye kwi website umvelisi okanye evenkileni xa ukuthenga.

Ububanzi ikhadi levidiyo ixhomekeke kwinani unxulumano kuwo. On Kwiimeko cheap, omnye kumqolo lonxibelelwano zidla langoku (iziqwenga-2 emgceni).

Iziqhoboshi kwiKhadi leVidiyo

Uluhlu amagalelo lwangaphandle luquka:

• DVI - Ngayo, elidityaniswe kuyo liso mihla, ngoko ke isinxibelelanisi ekhoyo phantse kuzo zonke amakhadi yokuzonwabisa. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ezimbini - DVI-D kunye DVI-I. Kwimeko yokuqala, kukho isinxibelelanisi kuphela digital, kulowo yesibini kukho uphawu analog;
• I-HDMI-nayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba idibanise i-tvs yanamhlanje kwikhompyuter. Kukho kuphela isinxibelelanisi kumakhadi aphakathi kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lexabiso;
• I-VGA-kufuneka idibanise amajelo amaninzi kunye neprojektha;
• I-DEDPRET-Linye kuphela inani elincinci leemodeli zekhadi levidiyo, elisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa uluhlu oluncinci lwabasasazi abakhethekileyo.

Qiniseka ukuba unikele ingqalelo kubukho obukhethekileyo bokutya okukhethekileyo kumakhadi evidiyo enamandla (iimodeli zoomatshini weofisi "kunye namaziko e-Multimedia akuyimfuneko). Bahlulahlulwe baba yi-6 ne-8 iPIN. Ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ikhadi lakho leMama makazi kunye neCandelo loBonelelo baMandla baxhasa i-quadys kunye nenani labo labafowunelwa.

Inkxaso yamakhadi evidiyo aliqela

Amakhadi oMamathendi ophakathi kunye nobungakanani obukhulu banee-slots ezininzi ukudibanisa amakhadi evidiyo. Ngokwesiqhelo inani labo alidluli iziqwenga ezi-4, kodwa kwiikhompyuter ezikhethekileyo zinokuba ngaphezulu. Ukongeza kokufumaneka kwezinxibelelanisi zasimahla, kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba amakhadi eVidiyo asebenze kwi-bundle kunye. Ukwenza oku, thatha ingqalelo imithetho eliqela:

• Ibhodi ye-Unimarbordi kufuneka ixhase umsebenzi wamakhadi evidiyo aliqela kwinqwaba. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba isinxibelelanisi esiyimfuneko siyafumaneka, kodwa iBhodi yeMazwe ixhasa kuphela iadaptha ye-rayin, ngelixa "ngelixa" eyongezelelweyo "isebenza kakhulu
• Onke amakhadi evidiyo kufuneka enziwe ngomgangatho omnye-i-Nvidia okanye i-AMD. Ngaphandle koko, abayi kuba nako ukunxibelelana kunye kwaye baya kungqubana, onokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwinkqubo;
• Kwiibhodi zemizobo, kufuneka kubekho izinxibelelanisi ezizodwa ukuze zidityaniswe nazo kwezinye iiadaptha, kungenjalo awuyi kufezekisa ukuphuculwa kwentsebenzo. Ukuba kukho kuphela isinxibelelanisi semephu, emva koko i-adaptha enye kuphela inokudityaniswa ukuba zimbini, ke eyona nto iphezulu yamakhadi evidiyo eyongezelelweyo enyuka ukuya kwi-3, kunye neyona iphambili.

Kukho omnye umgaqo obalulekileyo malunga nekhadi le-sumameli-kufuneka kubekho inkxaso yenye yetekhnoloji yamakhadi evidiyo-sli okanye umlilo. Eyokuqala yi-chadidia, yesibini ye-AMD. Njengommiselo, uninzi lweNkqubo, ngakumbi uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunye necandelo lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali losasazo, kukho inkxaso kuphela kubo. Ke ngoko, ukuba unayo iadaptha ye-NVidia, kwaye ufuna ukuthenga elinye ikhadi kumvelisi ofanayo, kodwa ibhodi yebhodi ixhasa kuphela itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano, kuya kufuneka uphinde ubeke i-AND yoNxibelelwano kwi-Analogue kwi-AMD kwaye uthenge okongezelelekileyo kwi-AMD kwaye uthenge okongezelelekileyo umvelisi.

Ayinamsebenzi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwetekhnoloji ye-ligament luxhasa ibhodi yamanye i-lemama - i-video yevidiyo evela nakuphi na uMvelisi iya kusebenza ngesiqhelo (ukuba iyahambelana neprosesa), kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuseta amakhadi amabini, ke unokuba neengxaki.

Makhe sijonge izibonelelo zamakhadi eevidiyo ezininzi ezisebenza kwi-bundle:

• Ukunyuka kwemveliso;
• Ngamanye amaxesha kuyingenelo ngakumbi ukuthenga iKhadi levidiyo eyongezelelweyo (ngokomgangatho wexabiso) kunokufaka entsha, enamandla ngakumbi;
• Ukuba elinye lamakhadi liyasilela, ikhompyuter iya kuhlala isebenza kakuhle kwaye iya kuba nakho ukutsala imidlalo eninzi, nangona kunjalo, sele iseto.

Kukho i-SIRD YABO:

• Imiba yokuhambelana. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ufaka amakhadi amabini evidiyo, intsebenzo ingenakuba nzima kuphela;
• Ngoncedo oluzinzileyo, ubonelelo lwamandla olunamandla kunye nokupholisa okuhle kuyafuneka, kuba Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu kwamakhadi evidiyo afakwe kufutshane nokufowunwa kakhulu;
• Banokuvelisa ingxolo engaphezulu ngenxa yezizathu ezivela kwinqanaba elidlulileyo.

Xa uthenga ikhadi levidiyo, qiniseka ukuba uthelekisa zonke iimpawu zeBhodi yeNkqubo, ukuhambisa amandla kunye neprosesa ephakathi kunye neengcebiso zale modeli. Qiniseka ukuba uthenge imodeli apho enikwe iwaranti enkulu, kuba Eli candelo lekhompyuter liveze imithwalo emikhulu kwaye linokusilela nangaliphi na ixesha. IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA LONTO LONTO KWI-12 ukuya kwengama-3, kodwa mhlawumbi ngaphezulu.