Uyicwangcisa njani iseva yeposi kwi-linux

Ngoku abasebenzisi abaninzi bakhetha ukuzimisa umxhasi owodwa kwikhompyuter ukwenza ezona zikhawuleza kwaye zimane ii-imeyile. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwangoko emva kokufakwa kwenkqubo enjalo, unokufudukela entlukwaneni nayo, kodwa oku akusebenzi kwisangqa esithile sabasebenzisi beLinux. Apha kuya kufuneka ukongeza kwaye uqwalasele iseva yeposi ebonelela ngokwamkelwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemiyalezo. Lo ngumsebenzi onzima, kodwa usonjululwe ngokusebenzisa iincwadana ezinenkcukacha. Sifuna ukukwazisa ngemiyalelo enjalo, ngelixa sidlala ngokweenkcukacha inyathelo ngalinye elifunekayo.

Yenza iseva yeposi kwi-linux

Ngexesha langoku ekufikeleleni oluvulekileyo, kukho iiseva zeposi ezininzi, kwaye nganye yazo ineempawu zayo. Siza kugxila kwezona zinto zithandwayo nezifunwayo - emva kokuthatha ixesha, ukuhlawula ixesha kunye nezinto ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, uya kuthathwa nguBuntus olwenziwe nguBuntus, kwaye kubanini beReadhat, imiyalelo eyahlukileyo iyaboniswa ukuba umahluko ovela kwibonisi uya kufumaneka. Phambi kokuqala kohlalutyo lwenqanaba ngalinye, sicebisa ukuba siziqhelanise nentshayelelo kwaye ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu, oluya kuqonda imigaqo epheleleyo yenkqubo ethathelwa ingqalelo.

Izinto ze-SMTP kunye nePosi

Abanye abasebenzisi banomdla kumcimbi wokudlulisela ii-imeyile kwi-Intanethi ezinxulumene nemfuno yokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinoxanduva lwezenzo ezithile. Ukuhlela nokuthumela olo lwazi yinkqubo entsonkothileyo eyenziwa yi-algorithms ekhethekileyo. Elona candelo libalulekileyo lale phunga liyi-SMTP (iProtokholi yokuGqithisela i-imeyile), eyidilesi yeposi. Inoxanduva lokuthobela imigaqo yokuhambisa iziseko, ngokulandelelana, ukuyisenza. Ngaphandle kweseva, ezinye izikhonkwane zekhonkco aziyi kusebenza konke konke. Iiseva zitshintshiselane ngobuchule, kwaye ke zisebenzise izibuko. Uninzi kakhulu, banenombolo 25. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeseva ngokwazo zahlukile, kwaye namhlanje siza kuthatha iposi yomzekelo. Ngoku qwalasela isakhiwo sonke senkqubo.

• I-imeyile yabathengi. Le yinkqubo oyifumanayo kwaye ujonge iileta zakho. Owona mzekelo ubalulekileyo we-Microsoft yi-Violook. Ukuphunyezwa kophawu lwegraphic kuvumelana neyona ncwadi i-novice ilawule i-akhawunti yayo, ngaphandle kokucinga malunga nento efihliweyo emva kwamaqhosha alula.
• Iseva yeposi. Ngasentla, sele sitshilo ukuba eli candelo lenza ukhetho lokudlulisela. Ingabizwa ngokuba yi-Poculical Postman kwiLizwe le-Intanethi.
• Iarhente yokuhanjiswa kwe-imeyile. Ikhonkco lokugqibela likwabizwa ngokuba yi-arhente yokuhanjiswa kweposi okanye i-MDA efinyeziweyo. Sisixhobo esinoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba le leta ihanjiswa kwi-adresee ethile, kwaye ayilahlekanga kwimida enkulu. Kwimeko yethu, umncedisi ofanayo uya kuba ngeposi-maildrop.

Emva kokuba ufunde lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko, ungaya kufaka kufakelo kwangoko kunye noqwalaselo lweseva. Saphule le nkqubo emanyukeni ukuze abasebenzisi be-novice abanangxaki koku.

Inyathelo 1: Faka iposi

Sele sicacisiwe ngaphambili, esinye isixhobo sathatyathwa njengomzekelo. Ukuba olu khetho alunakulingana, faka nayiphi na enye into kwaye uqhubeke noqwalaselo lwayo ngokuhambelana nale miyalelo ichaziweyo kula manyathelo alandelayo, anikwe amanqaku amatsha. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwindibano esemgangathweni yokusasaza, iseva yeposi sele ifakiwe ukuba ungayijonga i-GEP ye-Parp yeposi, kodwa uninzi lwamatyala kuyimfuneko ukuze uwalise ngokwakho ukuba siza kubonisa ngakumbi.

1. Zonke ezinye izinto ezenziwayo ziya kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa "isiphelo sendlela" ngokungenisa imiyalelo apho, yibaleke ngendlela efanelekileyo, umzekelo, ngemenyu yesicelo.



2. Ngenisa i-Sudo Apt-Get-Inter fall Umyalelo we-Postfix ukuba unetyala le-debian / mint / ubuntu usasazo. Kwiindibano ezisekwe kwiRedlot, kuya kufuneka uchaze i-DNF -Y PROFIX.



3. Eli nyathelo liya kwenziwa egameni lolona stluse, ngenxa yoko, kuya kufuneka uqinisekise amalungelo ngokuchaza iphasiwedi yeakhawunti. Qaphela ukuba abalinganiswa abangeniswe ngale ndlela abayiboniswanga.



4. Qhuba inkqubo yokufumana kunye nokungakwazi ukuvula iifayile. Sukuziphazamisa kwaye ungazalisekisi ezinye iintshukumo zengozi zingakhubeki kwiimpazamo.



5. Ifestile yephakheji eyahlukileyo ivuliwe. Apha, jonga idatha engenisiweyo yokwazi ngakumbi ukuba yeyiphi iparamitha ekufuneka ikhethwe.



6. Sinikezela ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo "ngaphandle kokucwangciswa" ukuze kwixa elizayo abeke ecaleni kweparameter nganye.



7. Emva kokuba umsebenzi wokufakelwa uyaqhubeka, kwaye uya kwaziswa ngokugqitywa kwayo xa kuvela umgca wegalelo omtsha.



8. Xa inkqubo igqityiwe, yongeza inkonzo entsha yeseva yokulayisha ngokuzenzekelayo, ukungena kwenkqubo yokuqalisa i-psportfix.



9. Eli nyathelo kufuneka liqinisekiswe ngokufaka igama eligqithisiweyo kwi-akhawunti ye-Superusar.



10. Ngoku yenza isebenze nge-prosectl profiles posix ukuqala ukuseta.



11. Ngeli xesha kuya kufuneka ufake igama eligqithisiweyo izihlandlo ezininzi, kuba isiqinisekiso siya kucela izinto ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye.

Ngezi zinto, akukho ngxaki kufuneka, kuba azinanto inzima okanye engaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho into engakhange ihambe ngokwesicwangciso, hlolisisa imiyalezo echazwe kumgca wekhonsole, kuba uninzi luqulatha ulwazi lokulungisa imeko.

Inyathelo 2: Ukuseta iseva efakiweyo

Uqwalaselo lwe-imeyile efakiweyo yelona nqanaba libalulekileyo, kuba oku kuya kuxhomekeka kule msebenzi. Akukho mpendulo ingenamsebenzi okanye ikhowudi yomthombo eya kuthi yenze yonke into yomsebenzisi, kodwa unokunika iingcebiso ngokubanzi zokwenza lula umsebenzi wemigaqo, esiya kubonisa ngakumbi.

1. Njengoko uyazi, ubumbeko kwi-Linux lwenziwa ngokutshintsha imiqolo kwiifayile ezizodwa. Oku kusebenzisa umhleli onesiphatho. Abaqalayo kunokuba nzima ukuba basebenzise i-VI, ke siyakucebisa ukuba useke isisombululo esilula kuqala. Ukwenza oku, faka i-sudo apt faka umthetho kwi-console kwaye ucofe ku-Enter.



2. Qinisekisa isaziso sedinti yokukhuphela ugcino kwaye ulindele ukuphela kokukhuphela.



3. Emva kokusebenzisa iSudo Nano /Postfix/main.cf Umyalelo wokuqalisa ifayile yoqwalaselo.



4. Apha sinikela ingqalelo kwiiparamitha eziphambili. I-MyHostname-Emva komqondiso = Kuya kufuneka uchaze igama leposi yenkqubo yeposi kwi-Intanethi ukuze umncedisi afumane kwaye athumele iileta.



5. Umtya we-Mydogoin unoxanduva lokugcina isizinda apho iseva ifumaneka khona.



6. Ipharamitha ye-Myrigi ichaza igama elisetyenziswayo. Sinikezela ukuze siqhelane neembono ezininzi iimbono ze-myriafain.



7. I-MyDesitha i-parameter yokugqibela esifuna ukunikela ingqalelo kuyo. Lo mgca uchaza amagama emimandla yokugqibela apho iileta zihanjiswa khona. Chaza amaxabiso ngokweemfuno zakho.



8. Emva kokwenza lonke utshintsho, cofa i-Ctrl + o ukugcina ifayile.



9. Sukutshintsha igama layo, kodwa cofa nje apha.



10. Gqibezela umsebenzi kumhleli obhaliweyo nge-Ctrl + X.



11. Ngoku kufuneka uqale kwakhona iserver ukuze yonke iinguqu ezingeniswe ngamandla. Kwenze "i-terminal" ngokubhala inkqubo yenkqubo yokulayisha kwakhona i-Postfix.



12. Awunakho ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ezinye iimpazamo kugcino lwavunyelwa, ke kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuqhuba isixhobo sovavanyo ngetshekhi yeposi. Kule migca intsha, ulwazi malunga nemeko yangoku yeseva iya kuboniswa, kwaye ungamisela ukuchaneka komsebenzi.

Ukuba ngesizathu esithile siqwalasele nje ifayile nje engadalelwanga, xa uyivula, uya kufumana ulwazi ukuba le yinto entsha. Ngokuhambelana, kuya kuba yinto engaphelela kwaye yonke imigca ebalulekileyo kuya kufuneka uzinze. Ewe kunjalo, ikhowudi efunekayo inokufumaneka kwi-Intanethi, kodwa uya kwanela ukukopa kwaye ufake olu lwazi lulandelayo.

# /usr/local/ecc/postfix/main.cff.

# Qwalasela ifayile yenkqubo ye-imeyile yeposi.

#

I-Queue_directory = / var / spool / postfix

Umyalelo_directory = / i-USR / ingingqi / sbin

I-daemon_irectory = / i-USR / ingingqi / i-libeslec / postfix

I-imeyile_Owner = i-Postfix.

I-APRPYS = akukho mntu

I-MyHostname = ikhonkco.Iyakho.com

I-Mydomain = u-udodoin.com.

MynetWensks = 192.168.1.0/24, 127.0.0.0.0/8

I-Myrigin = $ i-wimdomain

I-InET_interfaces = $ MYHOSTON

Mydenity = $ MINSHOSTO, i-Whourhost

Ukungagqibekanga_transport = i-SMTP.

I-alias_database = hash: / njl / Aliases

I-imeyile i-imeyile_command = / i-USR / i-bin / bin / procemail

I-SMTPD_BANNER = $ MyHostname

I-SMTPD_Client_irestS

I-SMTPD_PESS_URANTY = i-PERMNNETENATNETENTNETSENNETERNNETAN_FQDN_FQDN_FEVALD

I-SMTPD_RECIPICTEY = I-PERM_MYNETERNETERNETNNARN_FQD_FQD_FQDN_FQDN_FQDE

I-Ofisi_danast_concrency_lit = 2.

Ukungagqibeki_danaty_concurrency_lit = 10.

I-Debug_per_Eeer = 2.

I-Debugger_command =.

Indlela = / i-USR / BIN: / USR / X11R6 / i-bin

I-XXDDB $ daemon_directory / $ Prosp_Name $ Inkqubo_ID & Ukulala 5

Emva kokuba ihlala igcina bonke olu tshintsho kwaye wenze iindawo ezihlekisayo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zakho.

Inyathelo 3: Jonga iingxelo zomgca

Masijonge ngokufutshane xa sikhangela umgca womyalezo we-imeyile. Ngamanye amaxesha inani leeleta ngokuthumela liba likhulu ngenxa yeentsilelo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nokungakwazi ukuzithumela. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukucoca kuyadingeka ukuseka imeko. Ukujonga umgca wangoku, sebenzisa umyalelo we-imeyile. Kwimigca emitsha, yonke imiyalezo ilinde ngalo mzuzu.

Ukuba ngequbuliso kuyavela ukuba umgca ugqobhoza kwaye akahambi nangayiphi na indlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusilela okuthile kwenzekile, okuthintela ukusebenza kwenkonzo. Esona sisombululo sebhanti kule meko kukucoca uluhlu lwemiyalezo yokulinda. Oku kwenzeka ngomyalelo weposi yeposi. Ukuba ayincedi, kuya kufuneka ufune izizathu ngokuhlalutya imeko yangoku yeseva.

Umzekelo, siphawula ukhetho olunye olubonakala ngolu hlobo:

$ Echo "Lo ngumzimba womyalezo" | I-imeyile-le "Esi sihloko" -i "-i" -i / Indlela / I-POCHE / NOKUTHENGA UMNYE UMNYE u-

Unoxanduva lokuthumela umyalezo kumthengi othile weenjongo zokuqinisekisa. Lonke ulwazi olufakiweyo kweli qela kufuneka lutshintshwe kwaye ibhaliswe kwileta inikezelwe kwi-addresee. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nokulungiswa kwezikripthi zinokufumaneka kumaxwebhu eServer osemthethweni.

Inyathelo 4: Ukuseta ukhuseleko

Ukusuka kwezi khokelo zingentla osaziyo ukuba iposi kunye nezinye iiSeva zinxibelelana nezixhobo ngenethiwekhi. Ukuba uxhulumaniso alukhuseleki, imeko yokuhlaselwa kunokwenzeka ukuze ilandele idatha okanye ukuphazamisa uzinzo lwe-OS. Eyona ndlela ilula yokucwangcisa imithetho yokhuseleko usebenzisa inkqubo ye-OpenSsh, kodwa ukuyiqala, kufuneka ufake kwaye wenze ubumbeko oluphambili. Funda ngakumbi ngale nto kwezinye izinto kwiwebhusayithi yethu, usebenzisa amakhonkco angezantsi.

Funda ngokugqithisileyo:

Ukufaka i-Ssh-server e-Ubuntu

I-SSS isetingi eCentos 7

Ukuseta i-Ssh kwi-Ubuntu

IProtokholi ye-OpenSSS iyonwabela ukuthandwa kakhulu, ke, amaxwebhu amaninzi kubonisa ukhetho lokumisela iseva yeposi usebenzisa esi sixhobo. Imizekelo yeMiyalelo ijongeka ngolu hlobo:

I-OpenSSl Genrsa -s3

I-OpenSSl Req -New -ykey ye-imeyile.key -y -yout.Ccsr

I-CP ye-imeyile.key.Ky.Original.

Ivula i-imeyile ye-RSA -in.KEY.KIIIGINAL

I-OpenSSL X509 -RQ -Deds i-365 -in.in.Csr -Srrckey Imeyile_Secure

I-CP ye-imeyile_sure.crt / njlk / iposti /

I-CPP_SECURE.KEY / njl / iposti /

Banoxanduva lokuvelisa kunye nokufumana isitshixo sokhuseleko. Ukongeza, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukwenza utshintsho kwi /etc/postfix/main.cf ifayile ngokudibanisa imigca:

I-SMTPD_USE_TS = ewe.

I-SMTPD_TLS_Cett_ile = /etc/postfix/ilst_secre.ct.

I-SMTPD_TLS_CLE_FILE = /eetc/postfix/mar_sure.y.

I-SMTP_TLS_NECTUFT_TEOLL = Meyi.

Emva kokwenza le nkqubo, ungalibali ukuphinda uqalise kwaye ujonge iseva ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kuchanekile.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Ukufakwa kunye noqwalaselo lwe-Dovecot

Inqanaba lokugqibela lenqaku lanamhlanje liza kukunikezeli ekufakweni nasekuqwalaseleni i-Dovecot. Le yinkqubo yasimahla esetyenziswa ngabathengi ukufikelela kwi-imeyile. Ikuvumela ukuba usete iiparamitha zokufikelela kwiakhawunti nganye, iya kubonelela ngokucwangciswa kwedatha kunye nokuqinisekiswa okukhawulezayo. Ukuba i-Dovecot ayikafakiwe kwinkxaso-mali yakho, landela le miyalelo ilandelayo.

1. Kwi-console, faka i-sudo apt-fall faka i-dovecot-i-dovecot-Povepot-POD3D kwaye ucofe uNcedo. Kubanikazi badit, umyalelo ujongeke ngokwahlukileyo: I-DNF-ifake i-Dovecot.



2. Qinisekisa amalungelo e-Superuser ngokungena kwi-password kwilayini entsha.



3. Lindela ukuphela kokufumana kunye nokungafumani uqoqosho. Ngeli xesha lokusebenza, imithetho yeprofayili ye-OpenSsh iya kuhlaziywa.



4. Yongeza isixhobo ekwiphepha lokuqalisa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuqalisa kwenkqubo ye-Dovecot.



5. Qinisekisa le nyathelo ngokubhala iphasiwedi kwifestile evelayo.



6. Faka i-SCEMPCT yenze umthetho we-Dovecot ukuqala i-dovecot.



7. Ngoku ungayivula ifayile yoqwalaselo ukuqwalasela i-Sudo Nanye/doveCot/dovecot.comf.



8. Ekuqaleni, le fayile ayinakuphakathi kwezi parameter, ngoko ke ziya kufunwa ukuze zizinze. Masingaze sibe seluphaleni kwizinto ezifihlakeleyo zokuseta, kodwa zinike kuphela ezona ntambo zisisiseko nezingafanelekanga ukuba ukukopa, faka kwaye ugcine ifayile.

   

   Iprotocols = i-IMAP POP3 lmtp

   Mamela = * ::

   I-Strardb {

   Umqhubi = UPam.

   }

   I-imeyile_Action = Mbox: ~ / imeyile: Inbhokisi = / var / i-imeyile / i-imeyile

   I-SSL_Cet =.

   I-SSL_KE = /pki/doveCot/pricece/dovecot.pem.

   Kwi-firewall, kuya kufuneka ufake ngoku kulandelayo:

   $ iuphebles-I-Igalelo -p TCP -DPORT 110 -JAMY

   $ iuphebles-I-Igalelo -p TCP -DPOP 995 -JAY

   $ iuphebles-I-Igalelo -p TCP --dport 143 -Jamkela

   $ iuphebles-I-Igalelo -p TCP -DPOP 993 -JAY

   $ iuphebles -A igalelo -p TCP --dport 25 -Jamkela

   Kwi-firewald, eli sakhiwo lijongeka kanjalo:

   $ fitwall-cmd -permate -add-port = 110 / TCP -d-port = 995

   $ fitwall-cmd -permate -add-port = 143 / TCP -d-port = 993

   $ Firewall-cmd -

Njengoko ubona, inkqubo yoqwalaselo inzima kakhulu, kodwa ukuba imiyalelo, yonke into iya kudlula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingabikho ubunzima. Ngelishwa, ngaphakathi kwesakhelo senqaku elinye, akunakwenzeka ukuba ilingane lonke ixesha lokunxibelelana ne-pstefix, ngoko ke sikucebisa ukuba sifunde ezo zixhobo kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni, ukuba kukho imfuneko.

Yiya kwiwebhusayithi ye-imeyile yeposi yeposi yeposi