Nigute Wagena Ibaruwa ya Seriveri muri Linux

Noneho abakoresha benshi bahitamo kwishyiriraho umukiriya wihariye wa mail kuri mudasobwa kugirango bakore imyitozo vuba kandi igacunga imeri gusa. Mubihe byinshi, ako kanya nyuma yo gushiraho gahunda nkiyi, urashobora kwimuka kugirango uyobore neza, ariko ibi ntibireba uruziga rwabakoresha sisitemu yimikorere ya linux. Hano uzakenera kongeraho no gushiraho ubutumwa bwa posita itanga kwemerwa no kwanduza ubutumwa. Iki nikikorwa kitoroshye, ariko cyakemutse binyuze mu mfashanyigisho zirambuye. Turashaka kukumenyera amabwiriza nkaya, mugihe dukina birambuye buri ntambwe ikenewe.

Hindura ubutumwa bwa seriveri muri linux

Mugihe kiriho muburyo bwo kubona, hari seriveri nyinshi zohereza ubutumwa, kandi buriwese afite ibiranga. Tuzibanda ku byamamare cyane kandi dushakishwa, nyuma yo kwishyura igihe n'ibice by'inyongera. Kurugero bizafatwa nubuntu bwo gukwirakwiza ubuntu, no kuri ba nyirubwite, amategeko atandukanye ashyikirizwa niba itandukaniro ryabo ribigaragaza rizaba rihari. Mbere yo gutangira isesengura rya buri cyiciro, turasaba kubimenyereye hamwe namakuru yintangiriro kandi yingenzi, azumva ihame rusange rya sisitemu irimo gusuzumwa.

SMTP nibikorwa bya service

Abakoresha bamwe bashishikajwe nibibazo byo kohereza imeri kuri enterineti ijyanye no gukenera gukoresha ibice bitandukanye bishinzwe ibikorwa bimwe. Gutondeka no kohereza amakuru nkaya ni inzira igoye ikorwa na algorithm idasanzwe. Ikintu cyingenzi cyingenzi muriyi myurugi ni smtp (kohereza ubutumwa byoroshye), niryo seriveri ya posita. Irashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko yoherejwe yoherejwe, muburyo bubikora. Hatariho seriveri, ahasigaye urunigi ntiruzakora na gato. Seriveri Guhana amakuru hagati yabo, bityo ukoreshe icyambu kubwibi. Kenshi na kenshi, ni umubare 25. Ubwoko bwaba sinasiko ubwabo buratandukanye, kandi uyumunsi tuzafata umwanya wateye imbere kurugero. Noneho tekereza kumiterere rusange ya sisitemu.

• Umukiriya wa Mail. Iyi ni porogaramu unyuzemo kandi ukeka amabaruwa yawe. Urugero rwa Balone cyane ni Microsoft Outlook. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imikorere ishushanyije ryemerera n'umukoresha wa Novice benshi gucunga konti yayo, ntanatekereza ku bihishe inyuma ya buto yoroshye.
• Seriveri. Hejuru, tumaze kuvuga ko iki gice gikora amahitamo yo kwimura. Irashobora kwitwa umuposita yihariye mwisi ya interineti.
• Imeri itanga imeri. Umunyururu wanyuma uhuza kandi witwa Mail Gutanga Umukozi cyangwa Amagambo ahinnye MDA. Iki nigikoresho gifite inshingano zo kwemeza ko ibaruwa igezwa ku kubarizwa runaka, kandi ntiyigeze itakara ku muzamu wa seriveri nini. Kuri twe, umufasha nk'uwo uzaba postfix-mailrop.

Umaze kwigira amakuru yose akenewe, urashobora kujyamo kwishyiriraho no guhuza seriveri. Twatsinze ubu buryo ku ntambwe kugirango n'abakoresha Novice badafite ikibazo kuri ibi.

Intambwe ya 1: Shyira postfix

Tumaze gusobanura mbere, nikihe gikoresho cyafashwe nkurugero. Niba aya mahitamo atagukwiranye, shyiramo ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha kandi ukomeze kubibo byayo ukurikije amabwiriza ateganijwe mu ntambwe zikurikira, ukurikije ibintu bishya. Rimwe na rimwe, mu iteraniro risanzwe ryo kugabura, seriveri ya postfix yamaze gushyirwaho ko ushobora kugenzura itegeko rya postfix ya Grep, ariko akenshi birakenewe kugirango tugaragaze ko tuzagaragaza.

1. Ibindi bikorwa byose bizakorwa binyuze murwego rwa "terminal" winjiza amategeko aho, niko uyikore neza, kurugero, ukoresheje ibikubiyemo.



2. Injira SUPO Apt-get -y shyiramo postfix itegeko niba ufitwe na Debian / mint / ubuntu. Ku nteko zishingiye kuri Redhat, uzakenera kwerekana DNF -y yinjiza postfix.



3. Iki gikorwa kizakorwa mu izina rya SuperUser rero, ugomba kwemeza uburenganzira ugaragaza ijambo ryibanga rya konti. Menya ko inyuguti zinjiye muri ubu buryo ntabwo igaragara.



4. Koresha inzira yo kubona na dosiye zidashira. Ntukabibeho kandi ntugasohoze ibindi bikorwa kugirango utabishaka ku makosa.



5. Idirishya ryihariye ryashizweho. Hano, reba amakuru yatanzwe kugirango umenye ibipimo bigomba gutoranywa.



6. Dutanga gukoresha ubwoko busanzwe "tudafite imiterere" kugirango mugihe kizaza cyo gushyira mu bwigenge buri parameter.



7. Igikorwa cyo kwishyiriraho gikomeje, kandi uzamenyeshwa kurangiza mugihe umurongo mushya winjiza ugaragara.



8. Iyo inzira irangiye, ongeraho serivise nshya ya seriveri kugirango atore, yinjire kuri sisitemu itangira postfix.



9. Iki gikorwa bagomba kandi bikemezwa na kwinjira Ijambobanga ku nkuru superuser.



10. Ubu bigakora Biturutse SystemCTL Enable Postfix gutangira gushyiraho.



11. Icyo gihe uzagira Kuri Injiza A Ijambobanga inshuro nyinshi ahita, kuva Kwemeza ku nzasaba bice bitandukanye icyarimwe.

Mu bikorwa izo, nta bibazo bagomba, kuko nta kugorana cyangwa budasanzwe. Ariko, iyo ikintu n'ubu ajya itabitewe gahunda, ubwitonzi gusuzuma ubutumwa in i Umurongo console, kuko akenshi zirimwo amakuru gukosora ibintu.

Intambwe 2: Gushyiraho i Seriveri iyinjizaporogaramu

Iboneza ya iyinjizaporogaramu mail Seriveri ni stage Icy'ingenzi, kuva uyu bizaterwa n'imikorere iyi. Nta gisubizo birumvikana cyangwa Inkomoko Inyandikoporogaramu ko byari wakoze byose Umukoresha, ariko ushobora gutanga bw'imikoranire rusange koroshya mu Bikorwa ihinduka kubagwa, tukaba nkwereke ibindi.

1. Nk'uko mubizi, Iboneza mu Linux rikorwa na guhindura imirongo mu Idosiye idasanzwe. Ibi akoresha Handy Umwandiko Muhinduzi. Mu beginners bishobora kugorana shebuja VI, bityo inama gushyiraho umuti bworoheje mbere. Gukora iyi, kwinjira mu Ikwirakwiza APT Install Nano itegeko mu console na Kanda ku Kwinjira.



2. Kwemeza imenyesha bikenewe download archives na kwitega iherezo download ya.



3. Nyuma gukoresha Ikwirakwiza Nano /etc/postfix/main.cf command gutangiza i Iboneza Idosiye.



4. Hano gusa kwita ku Ibigenga nyamukuru. MyHostName - Nyuma ikimenyetso = wagombye Kugaragaza ingabo izina ry'iyi y'iposita kuri interineti kugira ngo Seriveri bashobora kwakira no kohereza amabaruwa.



5. Ikurikiranyanyuguti MYDOMAIN ashinzwe kubungabunga A Urubuga ku bikaba Seriveri buherereyemo.



6. Mu Myorigin Ikintu rigaragaza izina domain gukoreshwa. Dutanga gukomeza bamenyereye views benshi Myorigin = $ MyDomain.



7. MyDestination ni Ikintu nyuma bikaba dushaka Itondere. Umurongo Ibi isobanura amazina domain nyuma aho inzandiko gutangwa. Kugaragaza ndangagaciro nk'uko ukeneye.



8. Nyuma yo guhindura ibintu byose, kanda Ctrl + o kugirango ubike dosiye.



9. Ntugahindure izina, ariko kanda gusa kuri Enter.



10. Uzuza akazi mumyandikire wanditse binyuze muri Ctrl + X.



11. Noneho ugomba gutangira seriveri kugirango impinduka zose zikurikire. Bikore muri "terminal" wandika gahunda ya sisitemu ya postfix.



12. Ntushobora guhita umenye niba amakosa amwe mubitabo byemewe, bityo bizaba ngombwa gukora igikoresho cyikizamini binyuze muri postfix. Mu mirongo mishya, amakuru yerekeye imiterere ya seriveri izerekanwa, kandi urashobora kumenya neza akazi.

Niba kubwimpamvu runaka igifatwa gusa dosiye itaremewe, noneho iyo ukinguye, uzahabwa amakuru ko iki ari ikintu gishya. Kubwibyo, bizaba ubusa rwose kandi imirongo yingenzi igomba kwemerera. Nibyo, kode isabwa irashobora kuboneka kuri enterineti, ariko uzahabwa gukoporora no gushyiramo amakuru akurikira.

# /USR/Local/etc/Postfix/main.cf.

# Kugena dosiye kuri sisitemu ya postfix.

#

Quee_directory = / var / spool / postfix

Command_directory = / usr / hafi / sbin

Daemon_directory = / usr / lobexec / postfix

Mail_owner = postfix.

Mburabuzi_FRWS = Ntamuntu

MyHestenna = ibyawe.YoUrugendo.com

MYMOMAIN = INKURU).

Mynetworks = 192.168.1.0hani, 127.0.0.0/8

Myorigin = $ MYMONDOIN

inet_interfaces = $ Myhostname, londichost

Nyiricyubahiro = $ Myhostname, Localhost. $ Myedoin, $ Myomain

Mburabuzi_Rtransport = SMTP.

alias_database = hash: / etc / aliase

Agasanduku ka Mail

SMTPD_Banner = $ Myhostname ESMTP YITEGUYE

Smtpd_Client_Trestrics = uruhushya_Mynerworks, kwanga_ibintu_ibintu

SMTPD_Sender_strics = uruhushya_Mynerworks, kwanga_appledss, kwanga_Non_fqdn_ibisobanuro_Izina_Izina

SMTPD_Nibanga_Nibitire_Umuhungu_Mynerworks, Uruhushya_Bambere

Hanze_ibice_concurrency_limit = 2.

Mburabuzi_imikorere_concurrency_limit = 10.

debug_peer_level = 2.

Gukemura_command =.

Inzira = / usr / bin: / usr / x11r6 / bin

XXGDB $ daemon_directory / $ inzira_unamizina $

Nyuma yo gukiza gusa ibyo bihinduka byose no gukora ibyahinduwe byujuje ibyo usabwa.

Intambwe ya 3: Reba raporo ya Queue

Reka dusubiremo muri make kugenzura ubutumwa bwa seriveri. Rimwe na rimwe, umubare w'inyuguti kuri kohereza biba nini kubera kunanirwa gutandukanye bifitanye isano no kudashobora kubohereza. Mu bihe nk'ibi, gususuza birasabwa gushiraho ibintu. Kugenzura umurongo uriho, koresha itegeko rya Mailq. Mu mirongo mishya, ubutumwa bwose burategereje muriki gihe.

Niba gitunguranye bigaragara ko umurongo urengerwa kandi ntugenda inzira iyo ari yo yose, birashoboka ko gutsindwa runaka byabaye, bibuza imikorere ya serivisi. Igisubizo cyabi cyane kuri ibi bihe ni ugusukura urutonde rwubutumwa bwo gutegereza. Ibi bibaho binyuze muri postfix flush itegeko. Niba bidafasha, ugomba gushaka impamvu usesengura imiterere ya seriveri iriho.

Nkurugero, twitondera inzira imwe isa nkibi:

$ Echo "Ubu ni umubiri wubutumwa" | Ihererekanya -s "Ibi ni Ingingo" -R "Nkageeks" - Inzira / Kuri / Umugereka [email protected]

Afite inshingano zo kohereza ubutumwa kumukiriya runaka hagamijwe kugenzura. Amakuru yose yashyizwe muri iyi kipe agomba gusimburwa nuwawe kugirango ibaruwa igerweho. Ibisobanuro birambuye kugutegura inyandiko nkiyi murashobora kubisanga mubyangombwa bya seriveri.

Intambwe ya 4: Gushiraho umutekano

Kuva kubayobora haruguru usanzwe uzi ko postfix hamwe nabandi basebanye bakorana nibikoresho binyura murusobe. Niba ihuza ritarinzwe, ibintu byibitero birashoboka kugirango bitere amakuru cyangwa guhungabanya umutekano wa OS. Inzira yoroshye yo gutegura amategeko yumutekano akoresheje sisitemu ya Opensh, ariko kuyitangira, ugomba gushiraho no gukora iboneza nyamukuru. Soma byinshi kuri ibi mubindi bikoresho kurubuga rwacu, ukoresheje amahuza hepfo.

Soma Byinshi:

Gushiraho Ssh-Seriveri muri Ubuntu

Ssh gushiraho muri centos 7

Ssh Gushiraho muri Ubuntu

Porotokole ya OpenSSL yishimira gukundwa cyane rero, inyandiko nyinshi zerekana amahitamo yo gushiraho seriveri ya Mail ukoresheje iki gikoresho. Ingero z'Amategeko zisa nkiyi:

OpenSSL Genrsa -des3 -umu Mail

OPESSL Req -Bew -Key Mail.Kehen -upon

CP Mail.Kesha Mail.y.rigaminal.

OpenSsl RSA -in Mail.Yeke.riginal -ORY_UT ISOKO

Gufungura x509 -req -umunsi 365 -in Mail.csr -Sigkey Mail_secture -Kentow

Cp mail_secure.ccor / etc / postfix /

Cp mail_secure.umucunga / etc / postfix /

Bashinzwe kubyara no kwakira urufunguzo rwumutekano. Byongeye kandi, bizaba ngombwa guhindura impindura kuri /POSTC/main.cf wongeyeho imirongo nkiyi:

SMTPD_Use_tls = Yego.

SMTPD_TLS_ForT_file = /etc/Postfix/mail_secture.cCt.

SMTPD_TLS_Yekes_file = /etc/Postfix/mail_secture.umuseke.

SMTP_TLS_CECECURT_Level = Gicurasi.

Nyuma yo gukora inzira nkiyi, ntukibagirwe gutangira no kugenzura seriveri kugirango umenye neza ko imikorere yayo ari yo.

Intambwe ya 5: Kwishyiriraho hamwe na dovecot Iboneza

Icyiciro cya nyuma cyingingo yuyu munsi kizatangira gushiraho no gushiraho inule. Iyi ni protocole yubuntu ikoreshwa nabakiriya kubona imeri. Iragufasha gushiraho ibipimo bya buri konte, bizatanga amakuru yo gutondekanya amakuru no kwemeza vuba. Niba Dovecot itarashyirwaho mugukwirakwiza kwawe, kurikiza amabwiriza akurikira.

1. Muri konsole, andika Sudo Apt-get -j shyiramo Dovecot-Imapd Dovecot-Pop3d itegeko hanyuma ukande kuri Enter. Kuri ba nyirubwite redhat, itegeko risa neza: DNF -y yishyireho dosiye.



2. Emeza uburenganzira buhebuje winjiza ijambo ryibanga kumurongo mushya.



3. Tegereza iherezo ryo kwakira no kutabogaruka. Muri iki gikorwa, opensh amategeko yumwirondoro nayo azavugururwa.



4. Ongeraho igikoresho kibajije nyuma yo gutangiza ukoresheje sisitemu itangira gukora dovecot.



5. Emeza iki gikorwa undika ijambo ryibanga mu idirishya rigaragara.



6. Shyiramo sisitemu ishoboze dovecot itegeko ryo gutangira dovecot.



7. Ubu ushobora Gufungura A Idosiye Iboneza Kuri Kugena kuri Ikwirakwiza Nano /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf.



8. Ku ikubitiro, iyi dosiye ntizizaba hafi nta bipimo, bityo bazakenerwa kugirango binjizweho. Reka ntitugere mu buryo bwihishe bwa setup, ariko tanga gusa imirya minini kandi ikenewe ushobora gukoporora, shyiramo kandi ubike dosiye.

   

   protocoles = imap pop3 lmtp

   Umva = *, :::

   Umukoreshadb {

   Umushoferi = pam.

   }

   Mail_Lation = mbox: ~ / Mail: inbox = / var / mail / imeri /% u

   Ssl_cert =.

   Ssl_Kety = /pki/dovecot/provate/dovecot.pem.

   Kuri firewall, uzakenera kwinjira muri ibi bikurikira:

   $ Iptables -injiza -p tcp --dport 110 -j wemera

   $ Iptables -Umunjiza -p TCP --dport 995 -j Emera

   $ Iptable -Gunjiza -p TCP --dport 143 -j Emera

   $ Iptable -injiza -p TCP --dport 993 -J Wemeye

   $ Iptable -injiza -p TCP --dport 25 -j Emera

   Kuri firewalld, iyi miterere isa nkaho ituyemo:

   $ firewall-cmd --permanent - icyambu = 110 / tcp - Port-Port = 995

   $ firewall-cmd --permanent - icyambu = 143 / tcp --dd-Port = 993

   $ Firewall-cmd --reload

Nkuko mubibona, inzira iboneza iragoye rwose, ariko niba amabwiriza, ibintu byose bizanyura vuba kandi nta kabazo. Kubwamahirwe, murwego rwingingo imwe, ntibishoboka gusa guhuza ibihe byose byo gukorana na postfix, bityo turagugira inama yo kwiga ibikoresho kurubuga rwemewe, niba hakenewe.

Jya kurubuga rwa postfix yemewe