Momwe mungasinthire Seva ku Linux

Tsopano ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amakonda kudziyika kuti azikhala kasitomala wapadera pakompyuta kuti apange mwachangu komanso kungoyang'anira maimelo. Nthawi zambiri, mukangokhazikitsa pulogalamuyi, mutha kusuntha kuti mugwirizane ndi izi, koma izi sizikugwirizana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito a Alux omwe amagwira ntchito. Izi zikufunika kuwonjezera ndikukhazikitsa seva yomwe imapereka kuvomerezedwa ndi kufalitsa mauthenga. Ichi ndi ntchito yovuta, koma idathetsa zolemba mwatsatanetsatane. Tikufuna kukudziwani ndi malangizowa, ndikusewera mwatsatanetsatane gawo lomwe likufunika.

Kusintha Mail Seva ku Linux

Pakadali pano poyera, pali ma seva angapo azithunzi, ndipo aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Tikuyang'ana pa zosankha zotchuka kwambiri ndipo tikufuna kulipira nthawi komanso zina zowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, adzagawidwa ndi kugawidwa kwa Ubuntu, ndipo kwa eni ake enieni, malamulo osiyana amaperekedwa ngati kusiyana komwe kukuwonetsedwa kupezeka. Pamaso pa chiyambi cha kuwunika kwa gawo lililonse, tikudziwonetsa kuti ndi mawu oyamba komanso ofunikira kwambiri, omwe angamvetse mfundo yonse ya kachitidwe kamukonzedwa.

SMTP ndi Post Services

Ogwiritsa ntchito ena ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhani yokhudza maimelo pa intaneti yokhudzana ndi kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhalepo zina. Kusanja ndikutumiza chidziwitso chotere ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika ndi algorithms yapadera. Gawo lofunikira kwambiri la unyolo ndi SMTP (Protocol yosavuta), yomwe ndi seva yamakalata. Imakhala ndi udindo wotsatira malamulo otumiza, motsatana, kuchita. Popanda seva, maulalo ena onse sagwira ntchito konse. Seser amasinthana chidziwitso pakati pa iwowo, motero amagwiritsa ntchito portyo. Nthawi zambiri, ndi manambala 25. Mitundu 25 yosiyanasiyana ya maanthu amakhala osiyana ndi ena, ndipo masiku ano titenga malo apamwamba kwambiri mwachitsanzo. Tsopano lingalirani kapangidwe kake.

• Makasitomala a makasitomala. Ili ndiye pulogalamu yomwe mumalandira ndikusunga zilembo zanu. Chitsanzo chachikulu kwambiri ndi Microsoft Outlook. Kukhazikitsa kwa mawonekedwe a zojambula kumathandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuti asagwiritse ntchito akaunti yake, osaganiziranso zomwe zabisika kuseri kwa mabatani osavuta.
• Seva yamakalata. Pamwambapa, tanena kale kuti gawo ili limachita njira yosinthira. Itha kutchedwa munthu wachilendo padziko lonse lapansi pa intaneti.
• Imelo yotumizira imelo. Ulalo wotsiriza umatchedwanso kutumiza maimelo kapena chidule cha MDA. Ndi chida ichi chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonetsetsa kuti kalatayo yaperekedwa ku zowonjezera zina, osatayika pa expresses ya seva yayikulu. Kwa ife, wothandizira yemwenso azikhala poidfix-Maidrop.

Mukaphunzira zambiri zofunika, mutha kupita ku kuyika kwapakati ndi kusinthidwa kwa seva. Tidaphwanya njirayi kuti ngakhale ngakhale ogwiritsa ntchito novice sakhala ndi mavuto ndi izi.

Gawo 1: Ikani Postfix

Tafotokoza kale kale, ndi chida chiti chomwe chimatengedwa ngati chitsanzo. Ngati chisankhochi sichikukugwirizanitsa, ikani zofunikira zilizonse ndikupitiliza kusinthidwa molingana ndi malangizo omwe afotokozedwa motsatira malangizo otsatirawa, adapereka zatsopano. Nthawi zina, mu msonkhano wa ogawika, seva ya postfix idakhazikitsidwa kale kuti mutha kuyang'ana lamulo la Grep Postfix, koma nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa nokha kuti tiwonetseranso.

1. Zochita zina zonse zidzachitika kudzera mu muyezo "terminal" mwa kulowa malamulo pamenepo, motero muziyendetsa mwanjira yabwino, mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu mndandanda wa pulogalamu.



2. Lowetsani SuDo APT-Pezani -Y -y kukhazikitsa lamulo la postfix ngati muli ndi Deba / tint / ubuntifu. Pamisonkhano yomwe imakhazikitsidwa ndi Redhat, muyenera kutchulapo mawu a DNF.



3. Kuchita uku kudzapangidwa m'malo mwa owonjezera, chifukwa chake, muyenera kutsimikizira ufuluwo pofotokoza mawu achinsinsi. Dziwani kuti zilembo zomwe zalowa mwanjira imeneyi sizikuwonetsedwa.



4. Thamangani ndondomeko yopezera ndi kumasula mafayilo. Osasokoneza ndipo musakwaniritse zochita zina mwangozi musakhumudwitse zolakwika.



5. Windo lokhazikitsa lapadera la phukusi limatseguka. Pano, onani deta yomwe yaperekedwa kuti idziwitsenso gawo lomwe likuyenera kusankhidwa.



6. Timapereka kuti tigwiritse ntchito mtundu wamba "popanda kusintha" kuti m'tsogolo mwapature pagawo lililonse lodziyimira pawokha.



7. Ntchito ya kuyika itatha, ndipo mudzadziwitsidwa kuti mudzamalize pomwe mzere watsopano umawonekera.



8. Njirayi ikamalizidwa, onjezerani ntchito yatsopano ya sefodi ku Autoload, kulowa m'malo oyambira postfix.



9. Izi zikuyeneranso kutsimikiziridwa ndikulowetsa mawu achinsinsi kuchokera ku akaunti ya superrur.



10. Tsopano yambitsani kudzera pa systectl imathandizira postfix kuti ikhazikike.



11. Nthawi ino muyenera kulowa mawu achinsinsi nthawi yomweyo, popeza kutsimikizikayo kumapempha zinthu zosiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi.

Pazochitika izi, palibe mavuto omwe muyenera kukhala nawo, popeza alibe vuto kapena zachilendo. Komabe, ngati china chake sichidacholingalire malinga ndi pulaniyo, funsani mosamala mauthenga omwe afotokozedwa mu mzere wotonthoza, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidziwitso kuti athe kukonza zomwe zikuchitika.

Gawo 2: Kukhazikitsa seva yokhazikitsidwa

Kusintha kwa seva yokhazikitsidwa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimadalira izi. Palibe njira yosagwirizana kapena yoyambira yomwe ikanachita zonse zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito, koma mutha kupereka maupangiri kuti musinthe makina osinthana ndi bukuli, zomwe tisonyezanso.

1. Monga mukudziwa, masinthidwe mu linux amachitika posintha mizere mu mafayilo apadera. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mkonzi wolembera. Omwe amayamba amakhala ovuta kuchitira VI, motero tikukulangizani kuti mupange yankho losavuta. Kuti muchite izi, lowetsani SuDO APT kukhazikitsa Nano Lamulo la Nano mu Conver ndikudina kulowa.



2. Tsimikizani chidziwitso cha kufunika kotsitsa zosungidwa zakale ndikuyembekezera kutha kwa kutsitsidwa.



3. Pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito sudo nano /tc/postfix/main.cf lamulo kuti muyambitse fayilo yosintha.



4. Apa tangomverani zigawo zazikulu. MyHostname - Pambuyo pa chikwangwani = Muyenera kutchula dzina la omwe ali ndi dongosolo la positi pa intaneti kuti seva ilandire ndikutumiza makalata.



5. Chingwe cha mydodoin ndichabwino kuti pakhale dongo lomwe Server ili.



6. Nthamba ya myosigin imatchula dzina lotsatira. Timapereka kuti tidziwe bwino za Myoriginin = $ maimein.



7. Kuwonera ndi gawo lomaliza lomwe tikufuna kulabadira. Mzerewu umatanthauzira mayina omaliza omwe makalata amaperekedwa. Fotokozerani zomwe mumatsatira malinga ndi zosowa zanu.



8. Pambuyo posintha zonse, kanikizani CTRL + O kupulumutsa fayilo.



9. Osasintha dzina lake, koma kungodina ku Enter.



10. Malizitsani ntchitoyi m'mbuyomu kudzera pa Ctrl + X.



11. Tsopano muyenera kuyambiranso seva kuti zinthu zonse zikonzekere. Chitani izi mu "terminal" polemba Dongosolo la Dongosolo la Orfix.



12. Simungadziwe msanga ngati zolakwa zina pakusintha zidaloledwa, motero zingafunikire kuyendetsa chida choyesera kudzera mu postfix. Mu mizere yatsopano, zambiri zokhudza mkhalidwe wa seva ziziwonetsedwa, ndipo mutha kudziwa kulondola kwa ntchitoyi.

Ngati pazifukwa zina zomwe zimawonedwa ngati fayilo chabe sizinapangidwe, ndiye mukatsegula, mudzalandira zambiri kuti ichi ndi chinthu chatsopano. Chifukwa chake, sidzakhala kanthu konse ndipo mizere yonse yofunika idzafunika kudzipanga yekha. Zachidziwikire, nambala yofunikira imatha kupezeka pa intaneti, koma mudzakhala okwanira kukopera ndikuyika chidziwitso chotsatirachi.

# / /Sr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf.

# Fayilo ya Makalata a Postfix.

#

Quute_Directive = / var / spool / postfix

Lamulo_Directionery = / USR / COMBE

Daemon_Directive = / USR / KAPENA / BATXEC / Nicefix

Makalata_owner = postfix.

Zosintha_privs = palibe

Myhostname = okon.Yourduain.com

Mydomain = Umain.com.

Mynetworks = 192.168.1.0/24, 127.0.0/8/8

Myorigin = $ mymoain

Idet_intfaces = $ myhostname, kuderalo

MyDestation = $ MyHostname, mandinga a $ mydomain, $ mydomain

Kusintha_transport = SMTP.

Alias_database = hash: / etc / eases

Makalata_momwe = / USr / Clay / bin / betmail

SMTPD_Banner = $ MyHostme ESMTP yakonzeka

SMTPD_clive_restrics = Chilolezo_Mynetworks, kakani_kutsuka_Cinunt

SMTPD_Rerender_restrics = Chilolezo_mkazi, Kanani_address, Kanani_MON, kukana_Mostname

SMTPD_Recunts_reretions = Chilolezo_mkazi, Chilolezo, Kukana_Mon_RONAIN - kukana_Cinunt, Kanani

Madera_kodi - lingaliro_LILMUT = 2.

Zosintha_zida_Concurrency_lit = 10.

debug_peeer_level = 2.

Debugger_command =.

Njira = / USR / bin / / USR / X11R6 / BED

Xxgdb $ daemon_dimectory / $ njira_MENT $ PRICT_id & GLOD 5

Pambuyo pake zikanangobwereza zosintha zonsezi ndikupanga kusintha komwe kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zanu.

Gawo 3: Onani malipoti

Tiyeni tiyang'ane mwachidule kuyang'ana pamzere wa seva. Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa zilembo zomwe zimatumiza kumakhala kwakukulu chifukwa cholephera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kulephera kuwatumizira. Zikatero, kuyeretsa kumafunika kukhazikitsa vutolo. Kuti muwone pamzere wapano, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la makalata. Mu mizere yatsopano, kwathunthu mauthenga akudikirira pakadali pano.

Ngati mwadzidzidzi ikupezeka kuti mzerewo ukusefukira ndipo sayenda m'njira iliyonse, mwina kulephera kwina, komwe kumalepheretsa kugwira ntchito. Njira yothetsera vuto lalikulu ku izi ndikuyeretsa mndandanda wa mauthenga odikirira. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu lamulo la postfix. Ngati sizinathandize, muyenera kufunafuna zifukwa mwa kusanthula mkhalidwe wa seva.

Mwachitsanzo, tikuwona njira imodzi yomwe ikuwoneka motere:

$ Echo "Uyu ndi bungwe lauthenga" | Mailx -s "Ichi ndi mutu wa" Wofanana ndi "-r" - Njira / Njira / Kuphatikizira [email protected]

Ali ndi udindo wotumiza uthenga kwa kasitomala wina kuti atsimikizire. Zambiri zomwe zalembedwa mu timu iyi ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi yanu kuti kalatayo iperekedwa kwa owonjezera. Zambiri mwatsatanetsatane pokonzekera zolemba izi zitha kupezeka m'boma lovomerezeka la seva.

Gawo 4: Kukhazikitsa

Kuchokera pamaupangiri omwe ali pamwamba omwe mumadziwa kale kuti postfix ndi maseva ena amalumikizana ndi zida kudzera pa intaneti kudzera pa intaneti. Ngati kulumikizidwa sikutetezedwa, zomwe zikuchitika ndizotheka kuba kapena kusokoneza kukhazikika kwa os. Njira yosavuta yosinthira malamulo achitetezo pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la Olinghh, koma kuti muyambitse, muyenera kukhazikitsa ndikusintha. Werengani zambiri za izi m'magulu ena patsamba lathu, pogwiritsa ntchito maulalo omwe ali pansipa.

Werengani zambiri:

Kukhazikitsa SSH-seva ku Ubuntu

Kutalika kwa SHS mu malo 7

Kukhazikitsa kwa SHS ku Ubuntu

Protocol yotseguka imakondwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake, zolemba zambiri zimawonetsa zosankha zokhazikitsa seva yamakalata pogwiritsa ntchito chida ichi. Zitsanzo za Malamulo Amawoneka Zotere:

Tsegulani Quanrsta - -outter.key

Tsegulani Req -ney -Key Imelo.key -out makalata.csr

CP maimelo.key makalata.key.riginal.

Tsegulani vta -n mail.key.Kutiginal -ul

Lotseguka x509 -req --days 365 -in mail.csr -scy mail

CP maimelo_secure.crt / etc / postfix /

CP maimelo_secure.key / etc / postfix /

Ali ndi udindo wopanga ndi kulandira kiyi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kusintha mpaka ku /tc/postfix/main.CF powonjezera mizere yotereyi:

SMTPD_set_tls = inde.

SMTPD_tls_Cert_file = / /tc/postfix/il_secumu.CT.

SMTPD_tls_key_file = / /tc/postfix/imail_secumu.key.

SMTP_tls_Schirauty_level = Meyi.

Pambuyo pochita njira yotere, musaiwale kuyambiranso ndikuwona seva kuonetsetsa kuti opareshoni yake ndi yolondola.

Gawo 5: Kukhazikitsa ndi Dovecot Kukhazikitsa

Gawo lomaliza la nkhani yamakono lidzadzipereka kukhazikitsa ndikukonzekera kutsanzira. Ili ndi protocol yaulere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makasitomala kupeza imelo. Zimakupatsani mwayi kukhazikitsa magawo a akaunti iliyonse, imapereka kukonza kwa deta ndikutsimikizika mwachangu. Ngati Dovecot sanayikidwebe pakugawa kwanu, tsatirani malangizo awa.

1. Mu coniole, lowetsani Sudo Apt-pere -j kukhazikitsa Dovecot-isapd Dovecot-Pop3d Lamulo ndikudina Lowani. Kwa eni ake, lamuloli limawoneka pang'ono mosiyana: DNF -y Ikani Dovecot.



2. Tsimikizani ufulu wapamwamba polowa mawu achinsinsi mu mzere watsopano.



3. Yembekezerani kutha kolandila ndikutulutsa zosungidwa zakale. Pa ntchitoyi, malamulo otsegulawa amasinthidwa.



4. Onjezani chida chomwe chikufunsidwa pakuyambira kudzera mu Dongosolo la Dongosolo la Dongosolo.



5. Tsimikizani izi polemba mawu achinsinsi pazenera lomwe limawonekera.



6. Ikani Dongosolo la Dovecot kulamula kuti muyambe kutsata.



7. Tsopano mutha kutsegula fayilo yosinthira kuti musinthe kudzera pa sudo nano / sovec/dovecot/dovecot.conf.



8. Poyamba, fayiloyi sikhala pafupifupi magawo, choncho adzafunika kudzipatsa okha. Tisayang'anire zobisika za kukhazikitsa, koma zimangopereka zingwe zoyambira kwambiri ndi zofunikira kwambiri zomwe mungakope, ikani ndikusunga fayilo.

   

   protocols = ipp pop3 lmtp

   Mverani = * ::

   Ogwiritsa ntchito {

   Dalaivala = Pam.

   }

   Makalata_LOCAS = MOB.

   SSL_CEET =.

   ssl_key = /pki/dovecot/rovecote/dovecot.pem.

   Kwa ozimitsa moto, muyenera kuyika mosiyana ndi izi:

   $ iptives - Resolter -p TCP --DORT 110 -J ivomera

   $ iptives - polowetsedwa -p tcp --ddport 995 -j avomera

   $ iptives - Woyambitsa -p TCP --DORTORD 143 -J Landira

   $ iptops - polowera -p tcp --ddport 993 -J yavomera

   $ iptives - Woyambitsa -p tcp --ddport 25 -j landirani

   Zi Frewalld, izi zikuwoneka mwanjira ina:

   $ Firewall-CMD - Port-Port = 110 / tcp - doko = 995

   $ Firewall-CMD - Port-Port = 143 / tcp - doko = 993

   $ Fitwall-cmd -

Monga mukuwonera, njira zosinthira ndizovuta, koma ngati malangizo, zonse zidzapita msanga komanso popanda zovuta zilizonse. Tsoka ilo, mkati mwa nkhani imodzi, ndizosatheka kuti zikwaniritse zonse zolumikizirana ndi postfix, motero tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire zinthu zomwe zili patsamba lovomerezeka, ngati pakufunika thandizo.

Pitani ku tsamba la seva la seva la seva