Yadda za a saita uwar garken mail a Linux

Yanzu da yawa masu amfani sun fi son saita kansu abokin ciniki na musamman a kwamfutar don yin mafi yawan sauri kuma a sauƙaƙe imel. A mafi yawan lokuta, nan da nan bayan shigarwa na irin wannan shirin, zaku iya matsar da ma'amala kai tsaye tare da shi, amma wannan ba ya amfani da takamaiman da'irar masu amfani da tsarin aiki na Linux. Anan kuna buƙatar ƙara da saita uwar garken mail wanda ke ba da karbuwa da kuma watsa saƙonnin. Wannan aiki ne mai wahala, amma ya warware ta hanyar bayanan da aka kafa. Muna son saninka da irin wannan umarnin, yayin wasa daki-daki kowanne mataki.

Tabbatar da uwar garke mail a Linux

A lokacin yanzu a bude bude, akwai sabobin wasikun sabis, kuma kowannensu yana da halayenta. Za mu mai da hankali ga mashahuri da kuma neman yanke shawara, biyan lokaci da ƙarin abubuwan haɗin. Misali za a dauka ta hanyar rarraba UBUNUS, kuma ga masu mallakar Redhat, ana gabatar da umarni daban idan bambance-bambancen daga nuna alama za a samu. Kafin fara nazarin kowane mataki, muna ba da shawarar sanin kanku tare da gabatarwar da mahimman bayanai, wanda zai fahimci ka'idodin tsarin gaba ɗaya.

SMTP da aka gyara sabis

Wasu masu amfani suna da sha'awar batun watsa imel akan Intanet mai alaƙa da buƙatar amfani da abubuwan da aka gyara daban-daban. Sarrafa da aika irin wannan bayanin tsari ne mai rikitarwa wanda aka aiwatar da shi ta hanyar algorithms na musamman. Mafi mahimmancin bangaren wannan sarkar smtp (Protocol Canja wurin Maimaitawa), wanda shine uwar garken mail. Yana da alhakin bin ka'idodin jigilar kayayyaki, bi da bi. Ba tare da sabar ba, sauran hanyoyin sarkar ba za su yi aiki ba kwata-kwata. Servers musications bayani a tsakaninsu, sabili da haka amfani da tashar don wannan. Mafi sau da yawa, suna da lamba 25. The iri na sabobin da kansu sun bambanta, kuma a yau za mu ɗauki ƙarin postfix misali. Yanzu la'akari da tsarin gaba ɗaya na tsarin.

• Abokin ciniki mail. Wannan shirin ne ta wurin da kuka samu kuma bincika wasiƙu. Misalin banal shine Microsoft Outlook. Aiwatar da keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen yana ba da damar ko da yawancin mai amfani da novice don gudanar da asusun ta, ba tare da yin tunanin abin da aka ɓoye a bayan maballin ba.
• Sabar Mail. A sama, mun riga mun faɗi cewa wannan ɓangaren yana aiwatar da zaɓin canja wurin. Ana iya kiranta wani peculiar postman a duniya na intanet.
• Takardar imel. Hakanan ana kiran hanyar haɗin sarkar ta ƙarshe ko kuma Mda ta ba da izini. Wannan kayan aikin da ke da alhakin tabbatar da cewa an kawo harafin zuwa wani takamaiman mai, kuma ba a rasa a kan sararin samaniya babban sabar ba. A cikin lamarinmu, mai kama da irin wannan mataimakin zai zama postfix-mailrox.

Bayan kun koyi duk bayanan da suka dace, zaku iya zuwa shigarwa nan da nan da kuma sanyi na sabar. Mun karya wannan hanyar ga matakai don haka ko da masu amfani da novice basu da matsaloli tare da wannan.

Mataki na 1: Shigar da Postfix

Mun riga mun fayyace a baya, wanda aka dauki kayan aiki a matsayin misali. Idan wannan zabin bai dace da ku ba, shigar da wani amfani kuma ci gaba zuwa saitin sa bisa ga umarnin da aka ƙayyade a cikin matakan da aka ƙayyade a cikin matakan masu zuwa, waɗanda aka ba da sabbin kayan aiki. Wani lokaci, a cikin daidaitaccen taro na rarraba fayilolin, uwar garken postfix an riga an shigar da shi wanda zaka iya duba shi da kanka cewa za mu yi nasaba da kara.

1. Dukkanin ayyukan da za a aiwatar da su ta hanyar daidaitattun "tashar" ta shigar da umarni a can, don haka gudanar da shi a cikin dacewa, alal misali, ta hanyar Active menu.



2. Shigar da sudo apt-samu -y shigar da postfix na mallaka idan kana mallaki Debian / Mint / Ubuntu rarrabawa. Don majalisun da suka dogara ne da Redhat, za ku buƙaci tantance hanyar da DNF -y shigar da wasiƙar DNF.



3. Za'a sanya wannan aikin a madadin Superuser, sabili da haka, dole ne ku tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin ta hanyar tantance kalmar sirri ta asusun. Lura cewa haruffan sun shiga wannan hanyar ba a nuna su ba.



4. Gudun aiwatar da samun fayiloli da fayiloli. Kada ku katse shi kuma kar ku cika wasu ayyukan don ba da gangan ba ba ku yi tuntuɓe a kan kurakurai ba.



5. Taga sake kunnawa daban-daban taga yana buɗewa. Anan, duba bayanan da aka ƙaddamar don ƙarin san wane sigogi ya kamata a zaɓa.



6. Mun bayar da amfani da nau'in gama gari "ba tare da sanyi ba" don haka a nan gaba don saita kowane sigogi.



7. Bayan aikin shigarwa yana ci gaba, kuma za a sanar da kai daga kammalawarsa lokacin da sabon layin shigar da shi ya bayyana.



8. Lokacin da aka kammala aikin, ƙara sabon sabis na uwar garke zuwa Autoload, shigar da tsarin fara gidan waya.



9. Hakanan yakamata a tabbatar da wannan matakin ta shigar da kalmar wucewa daga asusun Superuser.



10. Yanzu kunna shi ta hanyar tsarin kunna gidan waya don fara kafa.



11. A wannan lokacin da za ku shigar da kalmar wucewa sau da yawa kai tsaye, tunda amincin zai nemi kayan haɗin daban-daban a lokaci guda.

A yayin waɗannan ayyukan, babu matsaloli da ya kamata, tunda ba su da wani abin da rikitarwa ko sabon abu. Koyaya, idan wani abu har yanzu ba bisa ga shirin ba, a hankali bincika saƙonnin da aka ƙayyade a layin na'ura mai amfani da shi, saboda galibi suna dauke da bayani don gyara lamarin.

Mataki na 2: Kafa Server da Aka shigar

Tsarin uwar garken da aka shigar shine mafi mahimmancin matakin, tunda wannan zai dogara da wannan aikin. Babu amsa mara kyau ko lambar tushe da zata yi komai ga mai amfani, amma zaku iya ba da shawarwari Gabaɗaya don sauƙaƙe aikin gyara na manual, wanda zamu nuna gaba.

1. Kamar yadda kuka sani, ana yin saitin a Linux ta canza layuka a fayiloli na musamman. Wannan yana amfani da editan rubutu mai amfani. Sabon shiga na iya zama da wahala mu ma na kula da VI, don haka muna ba ku shawara ku kafa mafi sauƙi mafi sauƙi. Don yin wannan, shigar da umarnin sudo a Apt shigar da umarnin Nano a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo kuma danna Shigar.



2. Tabbatar da sanarwar buƙatar sauke kayan tarihi kuma a jira ƙarshen saukarwa.



3. Bayan amfani da sudo Nano /etc/postfix/Postfix/pf don ƙaddamar da fayil ɗin sanyi.



4. Anan mun kula da manyan sigogi. Myhostname - Bayan alamar = ya kamata ku tantance sunan rundunar na tsarin gidan waya don haka uwar garken zata iya karɓa da aika haruffa.



5. Kiran mydomain yana da alhakin kiyaye yankin da uwar garken take.



6. Mazaunin Myoritani yana ƙayyade sunan yankin da aka yi amfani. Mun bayar don ci gaba da sanin ra'ayoyi da yawa Myorigigin = $ Mydomain.



7. Mydestation shine sigogi na ƙarshe wanda muke son kula. Wannan layin yana bayyana sunayen yankin ƙarshe na ƙarshe inda za'a kawo haruffa. Saka da ƙimar gwargwadon bukatunku.



8. Bayan yin duk canje-canje, danna Ctrl + o don adana fayil ɗin.



9. Kada ka canza sunan, amma kawai danna Shigar.



10. Kammala aikin a cikin edita na rubutu ta hanyar Ctrl + X.



11. Yanzu kuna buƙatar sake kunna sabar saboda duk canje-canje da suka shiga karfi. Yi shi a cikin "tashar" ta hanyar rubuta tsarin sake Sake umarnin umarnin Postfix.



12. Ba za a iya gano nan da nan ko wasu kurakurai a cikin sanyi ba, saboda haka zai zama dole don gudanar da kayan aikin gwaji ta hanyar bincika. A cikin sabon layin, bayani game da halin yanzu za a nuna yanayin yanzu, kuma zaka iya sanin daidai na aikin.

Idan saboda wasu dalilai da aka yi la'akari da fayil ɗin kawai ba a ƙirƙira fayil ɗin ba, to lokacin da kuka buɗe ta, zaku sami bayani cewa wannan sabon abu ne. Dangane da haka, zai kasance foshin gaba ɗaya kuma dukkanin mahimmin layin dole ne su ƙirƙiri kansa. Tabbas, ana iya samun lambar da ake buƙata ta Intanet, amma zaku isa don kwafa da saka waɗannan bayanan.

# /usr/lolopal/etc/postfix/main.cf.

# Fayil ɗin Config don tsarin gidan waya.

#

Sauna_direccory = / var / Spool / postfix

Umurni_Diractory = / Usr / na gida / SBIN

Daemon_directory = / Usr / Local / Localxec / postfix

Mail_owner = postfix.

Tsattsaye_prips = Babu Wanda

Myhostname = yourhost.yourdomiain.com

Myroinain = nokomain.com.

Mynetworks = 192.168.1.0/24, 127.0.0.0

Myorigar = $ Mydomain

Inet_interfes = $ Myhostname, Ocalhost

Mydgentation = $ Myhostname, na waje. $ Mydomain, $ Mydomain

Tsohuwar_transport = SMTP.

Alias_database = hash: / sauransu / aieses

_Command = / usr / local / Bin / Scumail

Smtpd_berner = $ Myhostname Esmp shirye

Smtpd_ruclient_resrics = izinin_myNetworks, ƙi yarda_unkhangis_unghanges_ruchangsi

smtpd_sender_rester_rmyTrics, ƙin yarda_unkhnation_ddress, ƙin yarda_innalk

smtpd_recient_serictions, izinin_mx_kop_non_Sender_sender_sender_send_sender_senkhank_Senkhank_Senkn_unkranans, ƙi

Na gida_destination_concurrency_Limit = 2.

Tsohuwar_dentination_Concurrency_Limit = 10.

Debug_pe_level = 2.

Metger_comgerand =.

Hanya = / USR / BIN: / Usr / x11r6 / Bin

Xxgdb $ daemon_direccory / $ tsari_name $ tsari_id & Barci 5

Bayan ya kasance don kawai adana duk waɗannan canje-canje da sanya su da cewa biyan bukatunku.

Mataki na 3: Duba rahoton Layi

Bari mu fi mayar da hankali kan bincika jerin gwano na wasiƙar wasiƙa. Wani lokaci yawan haruffa akan aikawa ya zama mai girma saboda yawancin gazawar da ke da alaƙa da rashin iya aikawa. A irin waɗannan halaye, ana buƙatar tsaftacewa don kafa lamarin. Don bincika jerin gwano na yanzu, yi amfani da umarnin mail. A cikin sabon layuka, cikakken duk saƙonni suna jira a yanzu.

Idan ba zato ba tsammani ya zama da jerin gwano ya yi murguɗaɗɗiya kuma ba sa motsawa kowace hanya, wataƙila cewa wani gazawar ya faru, wanda ke hana aikin sabis. Mafi mafita ga wannan halin shine tsabtace jerin saƙon jiran. Wannan yana faruwa ta hanyar umarnin Postfix. Idan bai taimaka ba, dole ne ka nemi dalilan ta hanyar yin la'akari da yanayin uwar garken na yanzu.

A matsayin misali, mun lura da zaɓi ɗaya waɗanda suke kama da wannan:

$ Echo "wannan jikin saƙo ne" | Mailx -s "Wannan shine taken" -r "segeeks" -a / hanya / zuwa / Haɗin kai [email protected]

Tana da alhakin aika sako zuwa takamaiman abokin ciniki don dalilai na tabbatarwa. Duk bayanan da aka sanya a wannan rukunin ya kamata a sauya tare da ku don haka an kawo wasiƙar ga mai kara. Bayanin cikakken bayani game da shirye-shiryen irin wannan rubutun za'a iya samu a cikin takaddar uwar garken hukuma.

Mataki na 4: Saitin tsaro

Daga cikin jagororin da kuka riga ka san cewa postfix da sauran masu amfani da na'urori ta hanyar sadarwa. Idan ba a kiyaye haɗin ba, yanayin hare-hare yana yiwuwa sosai don sata bayanai ko rushe kwanciyar hankali na OS. Hanya mafi sauki don tsara ƙa'idar tsaro ta amfani da Openssh tsarin, amma don fara, dole ne ka girka ka yi babban saiti. Kara karantawa game da wannan a wasu kayan a shafin yanar gizon mu, ta amfani da hanyoyin haɗin da ke ƙasa.

Kara karantawa:

Sanya SSH-sabar a Ubuntu

SSH saura a cikin Pentos 7

SSH Saita a Ubuntu

Encationl Protocol yana jin daɗin shahararrun shahararrun, saboda haka, takardun da yawa suna nuna zaɓuɓɓuka don kafa sabar mail ta amfani da wannan kayan aiki. Misalan umarni suna kama da wannan:

OpenSSL GENRSSA -Des3 -out Mail.Key

OpenSl RepenSne -Key Mail.Ye -out Mail.csr

CP.KY Mail.Yey Mail.Yy.original.

Openssl RSA -in Mail.Ye.original -out Mail_secure.Key

Budesl X509 -Raq -days 365 -anin Mail.csr -signoy Mail_Sure.KoKe.ckure.crt

CP mail_Secure.crt / sauransu / postfix /

CP mail_SureCure.Key / sauransu / postfix /

Suna da alhakin samarwa da karɓar maɓallin tsaro. Ari ga haka, zai zama dole a yi canje-canje ga /etc/postfix/pf ta hanyar ƙara irin waɗannan layin:

SMTPD_USE_THLS = Ee.

SMTPD_TLS_CERT_FILET = /etc/postfix/mail_SECure.crt.

SMTPD_TLS_KEY_FILE = /etc/postfix/mail_SeCure.

SMTP_TLS_SeCoury_Level = Mayu.

Bayan aiwatar da irin wannan hanyar, kar ka manta da sake farawa da bincika sabar don tabbatar da cewa aikinsa yayi daidai.

Mataki na 5: Shigarwa da Kanfigareshan Kanfigareshan

Mataki na karshe na labarin yau zai sadaukar da shi don shigar da saita rijawa. Wannan yarjejeniya ce ta kyauta wanda abokan ciniki ke amfani dasu don samun damar imel. Yana ba ku damar saita sigogi na isar da kowane asusu, zai samar da rarrabuwar bayanai da amincin mai sauri. Idan har yanzu ba'a shigar da Dovecot ba tukuna a cikin rarraba, bi umarnin masu zuwa.

1. A cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo, shigar da sudo apt shigar da dovecot-Imapd Dovecot-pop3d umurnin kuma danna Shigar. Ga masu mallakar Rushat, umurnin suna da bambanci daban: DNF -y shigar Dovecot.



2. Tabbatar da hakkokin Superuser ta shigar da kalmar wucewa a cikin sabon layin.



3. Yi tsammanin ƙarshen karbar bayanai. A yayin wannan aikin, za a sabunta ka'idodin bayanin martaba na Openssh.



4. Sanya kayan aiki a cikin tambaya zuwa farawa ta hanyar tsarin fara dovecot.



5. Tabbatar da wannan matakin ta hanyar rubuta kalmar sirri a cikin taga wanda ya bayyana.



6. Saka tsarin kunna Dovect umurnin don fara dovecot.



7. Yanzu zaku iya buɗe fayil ɗin sanyi don saita taika taɓawa ta hanyar sudo Nano /etc/dovacot/dovecot.conf.



8. Da farko, wannan fayil ɗin ba zai zama kusan ba sigogi, don haka za a buƙaci su shigar da kansu. Bari muyi bincike cikin setp na saiti, amma kawai samar da mafi mahimmancin abubuwa masu mahimmanci wanda zaku iya kwafa, saka da ajiye fayil.

   

   Protocols = IMAP POP3 LMTP

   Saurari = *, ::

   Amfani {

   Direba = PAM.

   }

   Mail_location = MOBOBOX: ~ / Mail: Inbox = / Var / Mail /% U

   Ssl_cert =.

   SSL_key = /pki/dovecot/ /pki/doveCot.pem.

   Don wasan wuta, kuna buƙatar rarrabe ke nan:

   $ IPTable-TCP --DOPD 110 -J yarda

   $ IPTable-TCP --DOPD 995 -J yarda

   $ IPTable-TCP --Dport 143 -J yarda

   $ IPTable-TCP --DOPD 993 -J yarda

   $ IPTable-TCP - TCP 25 -J yarda

   Don Wutawallald, wannan tsarin yana da ɗan lokaci kaɗan.

   $ Firewall-cmd - Port =add-Port = 110 / TCP - Port = 995

   $ Firewall-cmd - Port =ad-Port = 143 / tcp - Port = 993

   $ Firewall-CMD --reload

Kamar yadda kake gani, tsarin saiti yana da rikitarwa ne da gaske, amma idan umarni, komai zai wuce da sauri kuma ba tare da wani wahala ba. Abin takaici, a cikin tsarin labarin guda, abu ne mai wuya a dace da duk lokacin hulɗa tare da postfix, don haka muna ba ku shawara ku nazarin kayan a cikin gidan yanar gizon hukuma, idan akwai buƙata.

Je zuwa gidan waya mail uwar garken gidan yanar gizo