Ungavula kanjani ethekwini eLinux

Ukuxhumana okuphephile kwezindawo zenethiwekhi kanye nokushintshana kolwazi phakathi kwazo kuhlobene ngqo namachweba avulekile. Ukuxhuma nokudlulisa ithrafikhi kwenziwa ngechweba elithile, futhi uma kuvaliwe ohlelweni, le nqubo ngeke yenzeke. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye abasebenzisi banesifiso sokudlulisa izinombolo eyodwa noma eziningi ukusetha ukusebenzisana kwedivayisi. Namuhla sizokhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa kanjani ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezisuselwa ku-linux kernel.

Amachweba avulekile eLinux

Okungenani ekusatshalalisweni okuningi okuzenzakalelayo kunethuluzi lokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, noma kunjalo izixazululo ezinjalo zivame ukungavumeli ukusethwa kokuvula okuphelele. Imiyalo ekulesi sihloko izosuselwa ohlelweni olungeziwe olubizwa nge-Ipptables - Isixazululo sokuhlela amapharamitha we-firewall esebenzisa amalungelo we-perperator esebenzisa amalungelo we-superuser. Kuyo yonke imihlangano ye-OS eLinux, isebenza ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokuthi iqembu lihlukile ngokufaka, kepha sizokhuluma ngakho ngezansi.

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi imaphi amachweba asevele evulekile kwikhompyutha yakho, ungasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungakhelwe ngaphakathi noma owengeziwe. Imiyalo enemininingwane yokuthola imininingwane edingekayo oyoyithola esinye i-athikili ngokuchofoza kusixhumanisi esilandelayo, futhi siyaqhubeka nesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Funda kabanzi: Bheka amachweba avulekile e-Ubuntu

Isinyathelo 1: Ukufaka ama-Iptables kanye nokubuka imithetho

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-IPTGS akusona ingxenye yohlelo lokusebenza, yingakho kudinga ukufakwa ngokuzimela kusuka endaweni yokugcina okusemthethweni, futhi kuphela lapho usebenza nemithetho futhi uwashintshe zonke izindlela. Ukufaka akuthathi isikhathi esiningi futhi kugijima ngekhonsoli ejwayelekile.

1. Vula imenyu bese usebenzisa i- "terminal". Lokhu kungenziwa futhi kusetshenziswa ukhiye ojwayelekile oshisayo u-Ctrl + Alt + T. T.



2. Ekusatshalalisweni okusekelwe kwi-Debian noma ubuntu, sudo the Sudo Apt Faka izithuthi zokuqala ukufakwa, nasemihlanganweni emikhulu ngokusekelwe kuFedora - Sudo yum Faka izindiza. Ngemuva kokungena, cindezela inkinobho ethi Enter.



3. Yenza kusebenze amalungelo we-superuser ngokubhala iphasiwedi kusuka ku-akhawunti yakho. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi izimpawu ngesikhathi sokufaka azikhonjiswa, kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha.



4. Lindela ukuqedwa kokufakwa futhi ungaqiniseka ukuthi ithuluzi liyasebenza, libuka uhlu olujwayelekile lwemithetho ngokusebenzisa i-Sudo Ipt -L -L.

Njengoba ubona, umyalo we-Izinhlelo we-IPTAble uvele ekusatshalalisweni okubhekele ukuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwegama elifanayo. Futhi, siyakhumbula ukuthi leli thuluzi lisebenza emalungelweni akwaSuperuser, ngakho-ke emgqeni kufanele aqukethe isiqalo se-sudo, bese amanani asele nezingxabano ezisele.

Isinyathelo 2: Imvume Yokushintshana Kwedatha

Awekho amachweba azosebenza ngokujwayelekile uma umsebenzi wenqabela ukushintshaniswa kolwazi ngezinga lemithetho yalo ye-firewall. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabikho kwemithetho edingekayo kamuva kungenza kube lula ukubonakala kwamaphutha ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokudlulisela, ngakho-ke seluleka ngezenzo ezilandelayo:

1. Qiniseka ukuthi ayikho imithetho kwifayela lokucushwa. Kungcono ukubhalisa ngokushesha iqembu ukuze ubasuse, kepha kubukeka ngathi: Sudo Iptables -f.



2. Manje engeza umthetho wokufaka idatha kwikhompyutha yasendaweni ngokufaka i-Sudo Iptables -Ukufaka -I-The-JO -J yamukela intambo.



3. Cishe umyalo ofanayo - sudo Iptables - okuphumayo -Ukwamukela - ukwamukela - kubhekele umthetho omusha wokuthumela imininingwane.



4. Ihlala kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana okujwayelekile kwemithetho engenhla ukuze iseva ingathumela amaphakethe emuva. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenqabela ukuxhumana okusha, futhi okudala kuvunyelwe. Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-Sudo Iptables -Ukufaka -M Isimo se-State -M esisunguliwe, esihlobene - nokwamukela.

Ngenxa yamapharamitha angenhla, unikeze ukuthumela okulungile nokwamukela idatha, okuzokuvumela ukuthi uxhumane kalula neseva noma enye ikhompyutha ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ihlala kuphela ekuvuleleni amachweba okuthi ukuxhumana okufanayo kuzokwenziwa.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukuvula amachweba adingekayo

Usuvele ujwayele ukuthi yimiphi imigomo emisha engezwe ukucushwa kwezikhalazo. Kunezimpikiswano eziningana ezikuvumela ukuthi uvule amachweba athile. Ake sihlaze le nqubo ngesibonelo samachweba athandwayo ngaphansi kwezinombolo 22 no-80.

1. Gijimisa ikhonsoli bese ufaka imiyalo emibili elandelayo ngokuhlukile:

   Sudo iptables -Ukufaka -P TCP --dPort 22 -J ukwamukela

   Sudo Iptables -Ukufaka -P TCP --dPort 80 -J amukele.



2. Manje hlola uhlu lwemithetho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi amachweba asetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Isetshenziselwa leli qembu elijwayelekile elijwayelekile sudo ipts -l.



3. Ungakunikeza ukubukeka okufundekayo nokukhipha yonke imininingwane esebenzisa impikiswano eyengeziwe, khona-ke intambo izoba kanjena: sudo iptables -nvl.



4. Shintsha inqubomgomo ibe yi-standard nge-Sudo Iptables -P yehla ngokufaka futhi ingaqala ngokuphepha phakathi kwezindawo.

Endabeni lapho umphathi wekhompyutha esevele enze imithetho yawo ephathekayo, amaphakethe wokusetha kabusha ahlelekile lapho esondela endaweni, ngokwesibonelo, nge-Sudo Iptable -J ukwehla, udinga ukusebenzisa omunye umyalo we-Sudo Iptable: I-P TCP --dport 1924 -J yamukela, lapho i-1924 iyinombolo yetheku. Ingeza itheku elidingekayo ekuqaleni kweketanga, bese amaphakethe awasethwa kabusha.

Okulandelayo, ungabhalisa yonke imicu efanayo ye-sudo ept -l futhi uqiniseke ukuthi konke kulungiselelwe kahle.

Manje uyazi ukuthi amachweba avinjelwe kanjani ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Linux ezisebenzisa isibonelo se-IPTEbles Utility. Sikucebisa ukuthi ugcine umkhondo wemigqa evelayo ku-console lapho ungena emiyalweni, kuzosiza ukuthola noma yimaphi amaphutha ngesikhathi futhi ukuwaqede ngokushesha.