Amaqembu ayisisekelo eLinux esigungwini

Ngokufanekisa ngeWindows, iLinux inesethi ethile yemiyalo yomsebenzi olula futhi osheshayo ohlelweni lokusebenza. Kepha uma esimweni sokuqala sibiza umsebenzi noma senze isenzo esivela ku- "Line Command Line" (CMD), bese kuthi ohlelweni lwesibili lwesenzo senziwa ku-emulator yesiginali. Eqinisweni, i- "terminal" kanye "nomugqa womyalo" yinto efanayo.

Uhlu lwamaqembu ku- "terminal" lunux

Kulabo muva nje baqala ukujwayela umugqa wezinhlelo zokusebenza zomndeni we-Linux, ake sibone irejista yemiyalo ebaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzisi ngamunye ayidingayo. Qaphela ukuthi amathuluzi nezinsiza ezidalwe yi- "terminal" zifakwe ngaphambili kuwo wonke ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux futhi akudingeki ukuthi kulayishwe kuqala.

Ukuphathwa Kwefayela

Kunoma yiluphi uhlelo olusebenzayo, alunakuxhumana namafomethi ahlukahlukene wefayela. Iningi labasebenzisi lisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa imenenja yefayela ngalezi zinhloso, ezinamagobolondo ezithombe. Kepha konke ukusebenzisana okufanayo, kanye nohlu lwabo oluningi, ungachitha usebenzisa amaqembu akhethekile.

• I-LS - ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke okuqukethwe yi-Active Directory. Inezinketho ezimbili: -L - Ibonisa okuqukethwe njengohlu ngencazelo, -I -A - ikhombisa amafayela afihlwe uhlelo.



• Ikati - ikhombisa okuqukethwe yifayela elibekiwe. Okokubala imigqa, inketho ye-An iyasetshenziswa.
• I-CD - isetshenziselwe ukuhamba kusuka kusikhombi esisebenzayo kuya kulokho okucacisiwe. Lapho uqala, ngaphandle kwezinketho ezengeziwe, ukuqondisa kabusha kwisikhombi sezimpande.
• I-PWD - isebenza ukunquma umkhombandlela wamanje.
• UMkdir - Kwakha ifolda entsha enkombeni yamanje.
• Ifayela - Ibonisa imininingwane eningiliziwe ngefayela.



• I-CP - Kuyadingeka ukukopisha ifolda noma ifayela. Lapho ungeza inketho, uvula ukukopisha kabusha. Inketho -Usindisa izimfanelo zedokhumenti ngaphezu kwenketho yangaphambilini.
• I-MV - yayisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa noma ukuqamba kabusha ifolda / ifayela.
• I-RM - Isusa ifayela noma ifolda. Lapho isetshenziswa ngaphandle kwezinketho, ukususwa kwenzeka unomphela. Ukuhambisa kubhasikidi, faka inketho -R.
• I-Ln - idala isixhumanisi esiya kwifayela.
• I-CHMOD - Ishintsha amalungelo (ukufunda, ukuqopha, ukuguquka ...). Ingafakwa ngokuhlukile kumsebenzisi ngamunye.
• Ccown - ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe umnikazi. Kutholakala kuphela i-Superuser (Administrator).

Qaphela: Ukuze uthole amalungelo weSuperuser (izimpande-amalungelo), kufanele ufake i- "Sudo Su" ngaphambi kokukhipha umyalo (ngaphandle kwezingcaphuno).

• Thola - yakhelwe ukucinga amafayela ohlelweni. Ngokungafani nomyalo wokuthola, ukusesha kwenziwa ku-NEVICEB.
• I-DD - isebenza lapho kudala amakhophi amafayela nokuguqulwa kwawo.
• Thola - Ukusesha kwemibhalo namafolda ohlelweni. Inezinketho eziningi ongaguqula ngazo kalula amapharamitha wokusesha.



• I-Mount-Uounth - yayisetshenziselwa ukusebenza nezinhlelo zefayela. Ngosizo lwayo, uhlelo lungacishwa bese luxhuma. Ukuze usebenzise udinga ukuthola amalungelo ezimpande.
• I-DU - ikhombisa isibonelo samafayela / amafolda. Inketho -H eyenza ukuguqulwa ngendlela efundekayo, -S - Ibonisa idatha efushanisiwe, futhi -D - isetha ukujula kokuphinda kuhlu lwezinhlu.
• I-DF - ihlaziya isikhala sediski, ikuvumela ukuthi uthole inani lendawo esele futhi egcwele. Inezinketho eziningi ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlele idatha etholakele.

Sebenza ngombhalo

Ukufaka imiyalo esigungwini esisebenzisana ngqo namafayela, kungekudala noma kamuva uzodinga ukuhlela kubo. Imiyalo elandelayo isetshenziselwa ukusebenza nemibhalo yombhalo:

• Okuningi - Ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke umbhalo ongekho endaweni yenkambu yomsebenzi. Uma kungekho ukuskena kwe-terminal, kusetshenziswa umsebenzi wesimanje omncane.



• GREP - usesha umbhalo esithekweni.
• Ikhanda, umsila - Iqembu lokuqala libhekene nokukhishwa kwemigqa yokuqala yokuqala yokuqala kwedokhumenti (cap), okwesibili -

  Ibonisa imigqa yakamuva kudokhumenti. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuboniswa imigqa eyi-10. Ungashintsha ubuningi babo usebenzisa umsebenzi we-an and -f.

• Hlunga - Kusetshenziselwa ukuhlunga imigqa. Okokubala, inketho ye-the -n isetshenziswa, ukuhlela kusuka phezulu kuya phansi - -r.
• I-Diff - iqhathanisa futhi ikhombise ukwahlukaniswa kudokhumenti yombhalo (umugqa).
• I-WC - ibheka amagama, imigqa, ama-byte kanye nezimpawu.

Ukuphathwa Kwezinqubo

Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-OS kweseshini eyodwa kuvuselela ukubukeka kobuningi bezinqubo ezisebenzayo ezikwazi ukwenziwa kubi kakhulu ukusebenza kwekhompyutha kuze kube yilapho kungeke kube ntofofo.

Lesi simo singalungiswa kalula, siqede izinqubo ezingadingekile. Imiyalo elandelayo isetshenziswa ohlelweni lweLinux yale njongo:

• I-PS, PGREP - Umyalo wokuqala ukhombisa lonke ulwazi mayelana nezinqubo ezisebenzayo zohlelo (Umsebenzi we- "-E" ukhombisa inqubo eyodwa), ukuphuma kwesibili I-ID yenqubo ngemuva kokufaka igama layo.



• Bulala - Uqedela inqubo ye-PID.
• I-XKILL - ngokuchofoza ewindini lemisebenzi -

  Uyiqede.

• I-PKILL - Ugcwalisa inqubo ngegama lakhe.
• Killall uqeda zonke izinqubo ezisebenzayo.
• Phezulu, i-Hlop - unesibopho sokubonisa izinqubo futhi ufake isicelo njengeziqaphi zohlelo lwe-System Console. I-Hlop ithandwa kakhulu namuhla.
• Isikhathi - Ibonisa idatha ye- "terminal" screen ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenqubo.

Indawo yomsebenzisi

Amaqembu abalulekile awafaki kuphela lezo ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganyele nezakhi zohlelo, kepha futhi wenze imisebenzi emhlophe ethonya efaka isandla lapho usebenza kwikhompyutha.

• Usuku - Ibonisa usuku nesikhathi kumafomethi ahlukahlukene (amahora angu-12, amahora angama-24), kuya ngenketho.



• I-Alias ​​- ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise umyalo noma ukulethele ukufana, wenze eyodwa noma intambo emiyalweni eminingana.
• I-UNAME - ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngegama lohlelo lokusebenza.
• I-Sudo, Sudo Su - okokuqala kuqala izinhlelo egameni lomunye wabasebenzisi bohlelo lokusebenza. Okwesibili - egameni leSuperuser.
• Ukulala - kuhumusha ikhompyutha kwimodi yokulala.
• I-Shutdown - icisha ikhompyutha ngokushesha, inketho ye -h -h ikuvumela ukuthi ucime ikhompyutha ngesikhathi esinqunyelwe.
• Qalisa kabusha - Qalisa ikhompyutha. Ungacacisa isikhathi esithile sokuqalisa kabusha usebenzisa izinketho ezikhethekile.

Ukuphathwa komsebenzisi

Lapho umuntu oyedwa osebenza ekhompyutheni eyodwa, kodwa ambalwa, khona-ke inketho engcono kakhulu izokwakha abasebenzisi abaningana. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukwazi imiyalo yokuxhumana ngakunye kwawo.

• I-Unadd, i-userdel, u-Usermod - Faka, susa, hlela i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi, ngokulandelana.
• I-Passwd - isebenza ukushintsha iphasiwedi. Ukuqalisa egameni leSudo (Sudo Su ekuqandeni komyalo) kukuvumela ukuthi usethe kabusha amaphasiwedi awo wonke ama-akhawunti.

Bheka amadokhumenti

Akekho umsebenzisi okwazi ukukhumbula inani layo yonke imiyalo ohlelweni noma indawo yawo wonke amafayela wohlelo angenakusebenza, kodwa imiyalo emithathu ekhumbulekayo kathathu ingaba lula ukutakula:

• I-Whatis - Ibonisa indlela eya kumafayela angenzeka.
• Indoda - ikhombisa usizo noma incwadi ebhaliwe kulo myalo, isetshenziswa emiyalweni enamakhasi egama elifanayo.



• Yini u-analigue engenhla komyalo owethulwe, noma kunjalo, lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukubonisa izigaba ezitholakalayo zesitifiketi.

Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi

Ukusetha i-Intanethi futhi esikhathini esizayo yenza ushintsho kuzilungiselelo zenethiwekhi, udinga ukwazi okungenani ngandlela thile onesibopho sale miyalo.

• I-IP - Ukusetha ama-subsystems wenethiwekhi, buka amachweba e-IP Port atholakalayo. Lapho ungeza imfanelo -Show ekhombisa izinto zezinhlobo ezichaziwe njengohlu, imininingwane yezethenjwa iboniswa ngemfanelo ye-Help.
• I-Ping - Ukuxilongwa okuxhuma kwimithombo yenethiwekhi (i-router, i-router, imodemu, njll.). Futhi kubika imininingwane ngekhwalithi yokuxhumana.



• Ama-Nethogs - Ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane kumsebenzisi mayelana nokugeleza kwezimoto. Imfanelo -Ngicacisa isikhombimsebenzisi senethiwekhi.
• I-Tracerout iyi-analogue yomyalo we-ping, kepha ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Ibonisa ijubane lokulethwa kwepakethe ledatha ku-node ngayinye futhi linikeze imininingwane ephelele mayelana nomzila wokuhambisa wepakethe ogcwele.

Ukugcina

Ukwazi yonke imiyalo engenhla, ngisho ne-Newbie, efake kuphela uhlelo olususelwa ku-Linux, luzokwazi ukuxhumana nalo ngokuphelele, ukuxazulula ngempumelelo imisebenzi esetshenzisiwe. Uma uqala ukubheka nje, kungabonakala sengathi kunzima kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi uhlu lwenziwa umyalo noma omunye, kuzokwenzeka ama-mains ngememori, futhi athinte isikhathi ngasinye lapho imiyalo engeniswe yi-US ngeke isidinga.