Izinhlobo zokuxhuma i-VPN.

Kwenzeka ukuthi kwanele ukuxhuma ikhebula lenethiwekhi kwikhompyutha kwi-Intanethi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi udinga ukwenza okunye. I-PPPOE, i-L2TP ne-PPTP Connects isasetshenziswa. Imvamisa umhlinzeki we-inthanethi uhlinzeka ngemiyalo yokusetha amamodeli athile ama-routers, kepha uma uqonda umgomo walokho okudingeka ukuthi kulungiselelwe, kungenziwa cishe kunoma iyiphi i-router.

Ukusetha kwe-PPPOE

I-PPPOE ingenye yezinhlobo zokuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi, evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lapho isebenza i-DSL.

1. Isici esihlukile sanoma yikuphi ukuxhumana kwe-VPN ukusebenzisa ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-router zidinga iphasiwedi kabili, ezinye - kanye. Lapho ihlelwa ekuqaleni, ungathatha le datha kusuka kwisivumelwano nomhlinzeki we-Intanethi.



2. Ngokuya ngezidingo zomhlinzeki, ikheli le-IP le-router lizoba yi-static (unomphela) noma linamandla (lingashintsha isikhathi ngasinye esixhumeke kwiseva). Ikheli elinamandla likhishwa ngumhlinzeki, ngakho-ke akukho okugcwalisayo.



3. Ikheli le-static kumele linqunywe ngesandla.



4. Igama le-AC negama lenkonzo linamapharamitha ahlobene ne-PPPOE kuphela. Zibonisa igama lesihloko nohlobo lwensiza, ngokulandelana. Uma bedinga ukusetshenziswa, umhlinzeki kufanele asho lokhu emiyalweni.

   

   Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswe "igama lenkonzo kuphela".

   

5. Isici esilandelayo ukulungiselela ukuxhumana kabusha. Ngokuya ngemodeli ye-router, kuzotholakala izinketho ezilandelayo:
   • "Xhuma ngokuzenzakalela" - i-router izohlala ixhumeka kwi-Intanethi, futhi lapho ukuxhumana kuphukile, kuzoxhuma kabusha.
   • "Xhuma ngesidingo" - Uma i-Intanethi ingasebenzisi i-Intanethi, i-router izovala ukuxhumana. Lapho isiphequluli noma esinye uhlelo sizama ukufinyelela i-Intanethi, i-router izobuyisela ukuxhumana.
   • "Xhuma ngesandla" - njengasesimweni esedlule, i-router izophula ukuxhumana uma isikhathi esithile singasebenzisi i-Intanethi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lapho ezinye izinhlelo zizocela ukufinyelela kwinethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, i-router ngeke ibuyise ukuxhumana. Ukuyilungisa, kuzofanele uye kuzilungiselelo ze-router bese uqhafaza inkinobho ethi "Xhuma".
   • "Ukuxhuma Okusekelwe Kwesikhathi" - Lapha ungacacisa ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sokuxhumana esizokwenza ngenkuthalo.

   

   • Enye izinketho ezingenzeka - "Njalo ku" - ukuxhumana kuzohlala kusebenza.

   

6. Kwezinye izimo, umhlinzeki we-Intanethi udinga ukuthi ucacise amaseva wegama lesizinda ("DNS"), aguqula amakheli ama-auminal amasayithi (i-LDAP-ISP.RU) kwidijithali (10.90.32.64). Uma lokhu kungadingeki, ungayinaki le nto.



7. I-MTU iyinombolo yolwazi edluliselwe ekusebenzeni okukodwa kokudlulisa idatha. Ngenxa ye-bandwidth eyandayo, ungazama amanani, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungaholela ezinkingeni. Imvamisa, abahlinzeki be-Intanethi bakhombisa usayizi we-MTU odingekayo, kepha uma kungenjalo, kungcono ukungathinti le paramitha.



8. "Ikheli le-MAC." Kwenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni i-Intanethi ixhunywe kwikhompyutha kuphela kwathi izilungiselelo zomhlinzeki ziboshelwe ekhelini elithile le-MAC. Njengoba ama-Smartphones kanye namathebulethi abelokhu egcwele, akuvamile ukutholakala, noma kunjalo kungenzeka. Futhi kulokhu, kungahle kudingekile ku- "Clone" ikheli le-MAC, okungukuthi, kuyadingeka ukwenza i-router yekheli elifanayo nekhompyutha lapho i-Intanethi ilungiselelwe khona.



9. "Ukuxhumana kwesibili" noma "ukuxhumana kwesibili". Le pharamitha iyisici "sokufinyelela okubili" / "Russia PPPOE". Ngalo, ungaxhuma kumhlinzeki wenethiwekhi yendawo. Kuyadingeka ukuyifaka kuphela lapho umhlinzeki etusa ukuthi ukufinyelela okubili noma i-Russia PPPOE ye-Russia ilungiselelwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele kucishwe. Lapho unika amandla "i-Dynamic IP", umhlinzeki we-Intanethi uzobonisa ikheli ngokuzenzakalelayo.



10. Lapho "i-Static IP" inikwe amandla, ikheli le-IP futhi kwesinye isikhathi imaskhi izodinga ukubhalisa.

Ukubeka i-L2TP

I-L2TP enye i-VPN Protocol, inika amathuba amahle, ngakho-ke isatshalaliswa kabanzi phakathi kwamamodeli we-router.

1. Ekuqaleni kwesilungiselelo se-LYPP, unganquma ukuthi iyiphi ikheli le-IP okufanele abe yilo: I-Dynamic noma i-Static. Esimweni sokuqala, akudingekile ukwenza ngokwezifiso.



Kwesibili - Kuyadingeka ukubhalisa hhayi ikheli le-IP uqobo kuphela futhi kwesinye isikhathi imaskhi yalo ye-subnet, kodwa futhi nesango - "Ikheli le-L2TP Gateway IP-ikheli".



2. Ungacacisa ikheli leseva - "Ikheli le-L2TP seva ye-IP. Ingahle ihlangane ngokuthi "igama leseva".



3. Njengoba ukuxhumana kwe-VPN kucatshangwa, udinga ukucacisa ukungena ngemvume noma iphasiwedi, engasetshenziswa kwinkontileka.



4. Okulandelayo kulungiselelwa ukuxhumana kwiseva, eyenzeka, kufaka phakathi ikhefu elihlanganisiwe. Ungacacisa ukuthi "Njalo ku-" ukuze ivunyelwe njalo, noma "ekufuneni" ukuze ukuxhumana kufakwe kwisidingo.



5. Ukuhlelwa kwe-DNS kumele kwenziwe uma umhlinzeki edinga.



6. Ipharamitha ye-MTU imvamisa ayidingeki ukuthi iguquke, uma kungenjalo umhlinzeki we-inthanethi ukhombisa imiyalo okudingeka uyibeke.



7. Awuhlali ucacisa ikheli le-MAC, kepha ngezikhathi ezikhethekile kukhona inkinobho ethi "Clone PC yakho ye-PC's Mac". Inikeza i-mac router ekhelini lekhompyutha lapho kwenziwa khona ukucushwa.

Ukusetha i-PPTP.

I-PPTP ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zokuxhumeka kwe-VPN, ngaphandle, kulungiselelwe cishe okufanayo ne-L2TP.

1. Ungaqala ukucushwa kwalolu hlobo lokuxhumana nohlobo lwe-IP yekheli le-IP. Ngekheli elinamandla, akudingekile ukumisa noma yini.



Uma ikheli lekheli likhona, ngaphezu kokwenza amakheli, kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukucacisa imaski ye-subnet - kuyadingeka lapho i-router ingakwazi ukubala uqobo. Ngemuva kwalokho isango liyikheli le- "PPTP Gateway IP".



2. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukucacisa "Ikheli le-PPTP server IP" lapho kuvela khona ukugunyazwa.



3. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungacacisa ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi ekhishwe ngumhlinzeki.



4. Lapho usetha uxhuma kabusha, ungacacisa ukuthi "funa" ukuze uxhumano lwe-Intanethi lufakwe kwisidingo bese lunqanyulwa uma lungasebenzisi.



5. Ukulungiselela amaseva wegama lesizinda kuvame ukungadingeki, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kudingeka umhlinzeki.



6. Inani le-MTU lingcono ukuthi ungathinti uma kungadingekile.



7. Inkambu ye- "Mac ikheli" kungenzeka ukuthi ingagcwaliswa, kumacala akhethekile, ungasebenzisa inkinobho engezansi ukucacisa ikheli lekhompyutha lapho i-router ilungiselelwe khona.

Ukugcina

Lokhu kubuyekezwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumeka kwe-VPN kuqediwe. Vele, zikhona ezinye izinhlobo, kepha kaningi zisetshenziswa ezweni elithile, noma zikhona kuphela kumodeli ethile ye-router.