I-HDD, i-Hard Disk, iWinchester - wonke la magama wesitoreji esisodwa esaziwayo sesitoreji. Kulokhu okuqukethwe sizokutshela ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe salokho okushayela okunjalo, ukuthi imininingwane ingagcinwa kanjani phezu kwayo, kanti eminye imiqondo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nemigomo yokusebenza.
Idivayisi ye-Hard Disk
Kususelwa egameni eliphelele laleli divayisi yokugcina - idrayivu emadiski aqinile kazibuthe (hmd) - kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde ngaphandle umzamo omkhulu, owukhuthaze umsebenzi wawo. Ngibonga ukushibhile kwaso nokuqina, le mithombo yabezindaba ifakiwe kumakhompiyutha ahlukahlukene: ama-PC, ama-laptops, amaseva, amaphilisi, njll. Isici esihlukile se-HDD yikhono lokugcina inani elikhulu ledatha, kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye ubukhulu obuncane kakhulu. Ngezansi sizokhuluma ngedivayisi yayo yasekhaya, izimiso zomsebenzi nezinye izici. Baister!I-Hermobal ne-Electronics Board
Amathrekhi aluhlaza we-fiberglass namathrekhi wethusi kuwo, kanye nezixhumi zokuxhuma ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesokhethi le-SATA Ukulawula inkokhelo Ibhodi yesekethe ephrintiwe, i-PCB). Lesi sifunda esihlanganisiwe sisetshenziselwa ukuvumelanisa ukusebenza kwe-disk kusuka kwi-PC kanye nemanuwali yazo zonke izinqubo ngaphakathi kwe-HDD. Izindlu ezimnyama ze-aluminium nalokho ngaphakathi kuyabizwa I-Block Block (Ikhanda ne-Disk Assembly, HDA).
Maphakathi nendawo ehlanganisiwe kukhona i-chip enkulu - kunjalo I-Microcontroller (Iyunithi ye-Micro Controller, Mcu). Ku-HDD yanamuhla, i-microprocessor iqukethe izakhi ezimbili ngokwayo: I-Computer Computing Block (Iyunithi le-processor eliphakeme, i-CPU), elibandakanyeke kuzo zonke izibalo, futhi Ukufunda nokubhala isiteshi - Idivaysi ekhethekile ehumusha isinali ye-analog kusuka ekhanda liye ekhanda lapho limatasa lokufunda futhi okuphambene nalokho - idijithali ku-analog ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa. I-microprocessor ine Amachweba we-I / O Ngosizo olulawula khona ezinye izinto ezitholakala ebhodini, futhi lenza ukushintshana ngolwazi nge-SATA uxhumano.
Enye i-chip etholakala ku-DIAGRAM yimemori ye-DDR SDRAM (Imemori chip). Inombolo yayo kusengaphambili umthamo we-Kesh Winchester. Le chip ihlukaniswe ngememori ye-firmware, okuqukethwe kancane ku-flash drive, kanye ne-buffer, iprosesa edingekayo ukuze kulayishwe amamojula we-firmware.
I-chip yesithathu ibizwa Isilawuli semoto nekhanda (Izwi Coil motor Controller, i-VCM Isilawuli). Ilawula eminye imithombo yamandla etholakala ebhodini. Bathola ama-microproces adla kanye Shintsha i-Preamp I-Preamlifier) iqukethe ibhulokhi elivaliwe. Lesi silawuli sidinga amandla amaningi kunezinye izinto ebhodini, ngoba zinesibopho sokujikeleza i-spindle nokuhamba kwamakhanda. Umnyombo we-preamplifier switch uyakwazi ukusebenza, ukufuthelwa ku-100 ° C! Lapho amandla enikezwe i-HDD, i-microcontroller ilayisha okuqukethwe kwe-chip ye-chip kwimemori bese iqala ukwenziwa kwemiyalo ebekwe kuyo. Uma ikhodi ingenakubukwa kahle, i-HDD ngeke iqale ngisho nokuphromotha. Futhi imemori ye-Flash ingakhiwa ku-microcontroller, futhi ingaqukethe ebhodini.
Itholakala ohlelweni Inzwa yokudlidliza (Inzwa ethukile) inquma izinga leleveli. Uma kubona ukuqina kwalo kuyingozi, khona-ke isiginali izothunyelwa isilawuli sabalawuli senjini namakhanda, ngemuva kwalokho ipaka ngokushesha amakhanda noma iyeke ukujikeleza kwe-HDD nhlobo. Ngomqondo, le ndlela ihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwe-HDD kusuka kumonakalo ohlukahlukene wemishini, nokho, ekusebenzeni akukubi. Ngakho-ke, akufanelekile ukulahla i-hard disk, ngoba kungafaka umsebenzi onganele we-vibrator, ongadala ukungasebenzi ngokuphelele kwensiza. Amanye ama-NJMDs anozwela kakhulu ukudlidliza ngezinzwa ezisabela ekubonisweni okuncane. Idatha etholwa yi-VCM isizwa ekushintsheni ukunyakaza kwamakhanda, ngakho-ke ama-disc afakwe okungenani izinzwa ezimbili ezinjalo.
Enye insiza eyenzelwe ukuvikela i-HDD - I-Trancetion Voltage Limiting I-Transtage Voltage Suprepression, ama-TV), eklanyelwe ukuvikela ukwehluleka okungenzeka endabeni ye-voltage jump. Umdwebo owodwa wabalinganiselo abanjalo angaba maningi.
Ingaphezulu le-Germablock
Ngaphansi kwemali ehlanganisiwe kukhona oxhumana nabo abavela kuma-motors namakhanda. Masinyane ungabona i-hole yezobuchwepheshe ecishe ingabonakali (evumelana nengcindezi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo evaliwe yebhulokhi ebhubhisa inganekwane yokuthi kukhona i-vacuum ngaphakathi kwe-hard drive. Indawo yangaphakathi imbozwe ngesihlungi esikhethekile esingaphuthelwa uthuli nomswakama ngqo ku-HDD.
Ngaphakathi kweHermblock
Ngaphansi kwesembozo se-hermetic block, okuyindawo evamile yensimbi ne-gasket enjoloba evikela ku-umswakama nangothuli, ama-disc amabi.
Bangabizwa nangokuthi Amaphanca noma Amapuleshi (Amapuleti). Ama-disc ajwayele ukwenziwa kusuka eglasini noma i-aluminium, eyayiponjiswe ngaphambili. Ngemuva kwalokho bambozwa ngezendlalelo eziningana zezinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-ferromagnet - ngenxa yakhe futhi kungenzeka ukuqopha nokugcina imininingwane nge-hard disk. Phakathi kwamapuleti nangaphezulu kwe-pancake ephezulu kakhulu abahlukanisi (Ukudonsa noma abahlukanisi). Balinganisa ukuhamba komoya futhi banciphise imisindo ephakeme. Imvamisa yenziwa ngopulasitiki noma i-aluminium.
Amapuleti ahlukanisayo enziwe nge-aluminium angcono ukubhekana nokwehla kokushisa komoya ngaphakathi kwendawo eyi-hermetic.
Block yamakhanda kazibuthe
Emaphethelweni amabakaki akhiwe ngaphakathi I-Magnetic head block (I-Head Stack Assembly, HSA), funda / bhala amakhanda. Lapho i-spindle iyekile, kufanele ibe sesifundeni sokulungisa - le yindawo lapho amakhanda e-hard disk enhle etholakala khona ngesikhathi lapho ishaft ingasebenzi khona. Kwenye indawo yokupaka ye-HDD yenzeka ezindaweni ze-bandage zepulasitiki, ezitholakala ngaphandle kwamapuleti.
Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-hard disk, njengoba kudingeka umoya ohlanzekile, oqukethe ubuncane bezinhlayiyana ezivela eceleni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-microparticles wokugcotshwa kanye nensimbi yakheka ku-accumulator. Ukuzibonisa, i-HDD ifakwe Ukuhlunga okujikelezayo (Ukuphinda usebenzise isihlungi), okuhlala kuqoqa futhi kubambezele izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zezinto. Zifakwe endleleni yokugeleza komoya, okwakhiwa ngenxa yokujikeleza kwamapuleti.
Ama-Neodymium Magnets, akwazi ukuheha futhi abambe isisindo, angaba ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-1300, afakwe kwi-NJD. Inhloso yalezi zibuthe ku-HDD yimikhawulo yokunyakaza kwekhanda ngokubambelela phezu kwepulasitiki noma ama-aluminium pancake.
Enye ingxenye ye-magnetic head block ikhohla (Ikhoyili yezwi). Kanye nama-magnets amafomu Shayela i-BMG okuhambisana ne-BMG Owenzayo (I-Actuator) - Amakhanda ahamba ngedivayisi. Indlela evikelayo yale divayisi ibizwa retainar (I-Actuator Latch). Kukhulula bmg ngokushesha nje lapho i-spindle ithola inani elanele lokuvukelwa. Enqubweni yenkululeko, ingcindezi yokugeleza komoya ibandakanyeka. I-retainer ivimbela noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwamakhanda esimweni sokulungiselela.
Ngaphansi kwe-BMG kuzoba ukubekezelela okunembile. Isekela bushelelezi nokunemba kwale yunithi. Masinyane kwengxenye yenziwa nge-aluminium alloy, ebizwa ngokuthi Koromysl (Ingalo). Ekupheleni kwayo, ekumisweni kwentwasahlobo, amakhanda ayatholakala. Kusuka e-rocker kuyinto Ikhebula eguquguqukayo (I-Flexible Pried Circuit, FPC), okuholela kwi-Pad Pad ye-Thinta, exhunywe kwiBhodi Yezogesi.
Lokhu yikho okwenziwa yikhoyili, okuxhunyiwe kukhebula:
Lapha ungabona ukuthwala:
Nalu oxhumana nabo be-BMG:
iphethini (Gasket) kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwe-clutch. Ngenxa yalokhu, umoya uwela ebhlokini ngamadiski namakhanda kuphela ngomgodi ovumelana nengcindezi. Oxhumana nabo bale disk bambozwe nge-gilling enhle kunazo zonke, ethuthukisa ukuthuthuka.
Umhlangano ojwayelekile wabakaki:
Ekupheleni kokumiswa kwentwasahlobo kukhona izingxenye ezincane - Ihube (Amaslayidi). Basiza ukufunda nokubhala idatha ngokuphakamisa ikhanda phezu kwamapuleti. Kwezishayeli zanamuhla, umsebenzi wekhanda, osekude e-5-10 nm ukusuka phezulu kwama-pancake ensimbi. Izici zokufunda nokubhala imininingwane zitholakala emaphethelweni amaningi ezilayidi. Bancane kakhulu ukuthi bangasetshenziswa kuphela yi-microscope.
Lezi zingxenye azizicaba ngokuphelele, ngoba kukhona ama-aerodynamic grooves akhonza ukuqinisa ukuphakama kwendiza yeslayidi. Umoya ngaphansi kwawo kwakha Umcamelo (Indawo ethwala umoya, i-AB), esekela indawo ehambisanayo yendiza.
Preamp - Chip obhekele ukuphatha amakhanda futhi athuthukise isibonakaliso kubo noma kubo. Itholakala ngqo ku-BMG, ngoba isibonakaliso sokuthi amakhanda akhiqiza, anamandla anganele (cishe 1 GHz). Ngaphandle kwe-amplifier endaweni eyi-hermetic, wayevele asakazeke endleleni eya ePalcuttuit ehlanganisiwe.
Ukusuka kule divayisi kubheke emakhanda kunamathrekhi amaningi kune-hermetic zone. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi i-hard disk ingaxhumana kuphela nenye yazo endaweni ethile ngesikhathi. I-microprocessor ithumela izicelo ku-preamp tas ukuze akhethe ikhanda okudingayo. Ukusuka kwidiski kuya kubo ngamunye wabo kukhona amathrekhi amaningi. Banesibopho sokuthola isisekelo, ukufunda nokubhala, baphatha ukushayela okuncane, sebenza ngemishini ekhethekile kazibuthe, engalawula isilayida, esivumela ukukhulisa ukunemba kwamakhanda. Omunye wabo kufanele aholele ku-heater elungisa ukuphakama kwendiza yawo. Lo mklamo usebenza kanjena: ukushisa kudluliswa kusuka ku-heater, okuxhumanisa isilayida ne-rocker. Ukumiswa kudalwe kusuka kuma-alloys anamapharamitha ahlukene wokunwebeka kusuka ekushiseni okuzayo. Ngokwenyuka kokushisa, kugoba ubheke epuletini, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ibanga ukusuka ekhanda. Ngokwehla kwenani lokushisa, isenzo esiphambene senzeka - ikhanda lisuswa ePancake.
Ngale ndlela ubukeka njengohlukanisi ongaphezulu:
Lesi sithombe sifaka indawo eyi-hermetic ngaphandle kwebhulokhi lamakhanda nabahlukanisi abangaphezulu. Ungabona futhi uzibuthe ophansi futhi indandatho yokubopha indandatho (Amaplantli clamp):
Le ndandatho ibambe amabhlogo ama-pancake ndawonye, ibavimbele ekuhambeni kwabo okuhlobene nakho:
Amapuleti uqobo avukile umgodi Spindle hub):
Kepha yini ngaphansi kwepuleti eliphezulu:
Ngingaqonda kanjani, indawo yamakhanda idaliwe kusetshenziswa okukhethekile Ukwehlukanisa izindandatho Izindandatho ze-Spacer. Lezi yizingxenye ezinengqondo eziphakeme ezenziwe ngama-alloys angewona ama-magnetic noma ama-polymers:
Ngezansi kwe-HronoroBlock kukhona isikhala sokucindezela kwengcindezi, etholakala ngaphansi kwesihlungi somoya. Umoya ongaphandle kwebhulokhi evaliwe ngokuqinisekile uqukethe izinhlayiya zothuli. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kusungulwa isihlungi se-multilayer, esibanzi kakhulu kunendilinga efanayo. Kwesinye isikhathi ingatholwa iminonjana yejeli elisiwela okufanele lithole wonke umswakama:
Ukugcina
Le ndatshana iqukethe incazelo eningilizayo yokungena ngaphakathi kwe-HDD. Siyethemba ukuthi lokhu kusebenza bekuthakazelisa kuwe futhi kusize ukufunda okusha kakhulu kwizithako zekhompyutha.