Ukusetha i-router Mikrotik

Routers kusukela inkampani Latvian Mikrotik luthathe indawo ekhethekile phakathi imikhiqizo yalolu hlobo. Kuyinto umbono wokuthi le ndlela senzelwe ochwepheshe futhi ulungiselele kahle futhi usebenza kuphela onguchwepheshe. Futhi iphuzu okunjalo umbono linesisekelo. Kodwa isikhathi siyeza, Mikrotik imikhiqizo ngcono, kanye ne-software kwalo beba more and kufinyeleleke ukuqonda ngumsebenzisi abavamile. Futhi supernaviation, le multifunctionality alamathuluzi lihambisana ngentengo ephansi, kwenza imizamo ukufunda izilungiselelo zalo yi ngempela eyanele.

Routeros - Mikrotik amadivayisi uhlelo lokusebenza

Isici esiphawulekayo imizila microtic wukuthi ukusebenza kwabo wenziwa khona ngaphansi kokulawula hhayi nje firmware banal, kodwa usebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokuthi Routeros. Lena yesistimu yokusebenza agcwele wadala emsamo Linux. Yilokho kanye scares abasebenzisi eziningi kusukela microdists abakholelwa ukuthi bayakufa uyifinyelele ngabo - uyinto umxhwele. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, khona okunjalo uhlelo i yokusebenza kunezinzuzo obungenakuphikwa:

• Zonke Mikrotik amadivayisi amisiwe uhlobo olufanayo, njengoba zisebenzisa OS efanayo;
• Routeros ikuvumela ukulungisa router mncane kakhulu futhi ukukhulisa ke njengoba izidingo umsebenzisi. Ngesandla ungalungiselela cishe konke!
• Routeros ingafakwa ngokukhululekile phezu PC uyivule ngale ndlela ibe router agcwele neqoqo oluphelele lwemisebenzi.

Amathuba okunikeza umsebenzisi nge-operating system microtic kukhona indawo ebanzi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esichithwa cwaningo yayo ngeke isetshenziselwe ize.

Ixhuma router futhi eziyisisekelo ngezindlela ukulilungiselela

Ixhuma Mikrotik imizila ukuze idivayisi kusukela lapho kulungiselelwa zizokwenziwa, kuyinto ejwayelekile. Ikhebula evela kumhlinzeki kumele ixhunywe echwebeni lokuqala router, futhi ngokusebenzisa noma yimaphi amanye amatheku ixhume ngekhompyutha noma ikhompyutha ephathekayo. Isethaphu engenziwa nge-Wi-Fi. I yokufinyelela icushiwe kanyekanye ne kokuphenduka kudivayisi futhi usuvulekile. Nakanjani ukuthi kukhompyutha kumele ibe isikhala eyodwa ikheli nge-router noma ube izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ezinikeza irisidi ngokuzenzekelayo ikheli le-IP kanye nekheli le-DNS iseva.

Esekwenzile lezi manipulations elula, okudingeka ukwenze lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Qalisa isiphequluli bese ufaka 192.168.88.1 e nekheli layo ibha

   

2. Ku-window esivula, khetha indlela kokubekela router ngokuchofoza oyifunayo igundane isithonjana.

   

Into yokugcina kudinga enye incazelo egcwele. Njengoba singabona kusukela skrini, router microtic kungenziwa amisiwe ngezindlela ezintathu:

• Winbox wuhlelo esikhethekile ukumisa Mikrotik amadivaysi. Isithonjana ovimbela isixhumanisi ukuze uyilande. Le Umbuso ingalandwa kusukela website yomenzi;
• Webfig - a tincture umzila kusiphequluli. Lesi sici esanda kutholakala. Webfig web isikhombimsebenzisi kuyafana Winbox, kodwa Onjiniyela siqinisekise ukuthi ikhono salo ebanzi;
• Telnet - Isethaphu nge umugqa wemiyalo. Le ndlela kufanelekile abasebenzisi eziphambili futhi kabanzi esihlokweni ayoshaywa indiva.

Okwamanje, onjiniyela benze focus on the WebFig esibonakalayo olunikezwa umsebenzisi okuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, ezinguqulweni kamuva Routeros, iwindi kokuqala kungase libukeke kanje:

Futhi kusukela ngo-izilungiselelo ifektri ukungena web-based iphasiwedi web isikhombimsebenzisi, akukho nephasiwedi, bese umsebenzisi kungenziwa ngokushesha kabusha ekhasini le WebFig izilungiselelo. Nokho, ochwepheshe abaningi namanje uqhubeke umsebenzi nge Winbox futhi bakubheka kakhulu indlela elula ukusetha amadivayisi microtic. Ngakho-ke, zonke izibonelo kuyoba ngokohlelo lweSitatimende esibonakalayo kwalesi Umbuso indawo.

Ukubeka eziyisisekelo router nemingcele

Izilungiselelo ngesikhathi microtic router eziningi, kodwa ukuze ukwenza imisebenzi yayo esemqoka, kwanele ukwazi eyodwa eyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele ungesabi yobuningi amathebhu, ngodonga kanye nemingcele. uya khona kubo izifundo kamuva Okuningi ezinemininingwane. Futhi ekuqaleni udinga ukufunda ukwenza izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo zedivayisi. Funda kabanzi ngalokhu ngezansi.

Xhuma ku-router usebenzisa Winbox

Winbox Umbuso indawo, ngawo amadivaysi MIKROTIK asethwe, kuyinto Exe ifayela elisebenzisekayo. Akudingi ukufakwa futhi ukulungele ukusebenza ngokushesha emva ukulandwa. Ekuqaleni, Umbuso indawo iklanyelwe umsebenzi kwi-Windows, kodwa umkhuba libonisa ukuthi usebenza emihle emsamo Linux kusukela ngaphansi Wine.

Ngemva kokuvula Winbox, iwindi yayo kokuqala liyavuleka. Kube kufanele ufake ikheli le-IP we-router, ngemvume (ejwayelekile - admin) bese uchofoza "Xhuma".

Uma ungakwazi ukuxhuma nge ikheli le-IP, noma-ke ayaziwa - ke akunandaba. WinBox inikeza umsebenzisi ikhono ukuxhuma kwi-router nangesandla Ikheli le-MAC. Kulokhu okudingayo:

1. Ezansi ewindini ukuya Omakhelwane ithebhu.
2. Uhlelo sizohlaziya ukuxhumana futhi uzothola MAC nekheli exhunyiwe microtic, okuyinto izoboniswa ngezansi.
3. Ngemva kwalokho, kufanele uqale chofoza kukho, khona-ke, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni langaphambilini, chofoza "Xhuma".

Ukuxhumeka router luzoqala kanye umsebenzisi uzokwazi ukuqhubekela ukumisa yayo eqondile.

Ukulungiswa okusheshayo

Ngemuva kokufaka izilungiselelo ze-router usebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwebhokisi lokuwina, iwindi lokucushwa le-Mikrotik elijwayelekile livula ngaphambi komsebenzisi. Uyamenywa ukuba asuse noma ashiye engashintshiwe. Uma udinga ukumisa i-router ngokushesha okukhulu - udinga ukushiya ukucushwa kwefekthri ngaphandle kwezinguquko ngokuchofoza ku- "KULUNGILE".

Ukuze uye kuzilungiselelo ezisheshayo, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo ezimbili ezilula:

1. Kwikholamu kwesobunxele, iwindi le-WinBox Utility iya kuthebhu esheshayo yeTed.
2. Ohlwini olwehliswayo ewindini elivula, khetha imodi ye-router. Endabeni yethu, "ikhaya ap" (indawo yokufinyelela ekhaya) ilungele kakhulu.

Quick Setha iwindi iqukethe wonke izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo router. Yonke imininingwane ihlelwe ngamahlukaniswa ku-Wi-Fi, i-Intanethi, i-LAN ne-VPN. Zibheke ngemininingwane eminingi.

Inethiwekhi engenantambo

Izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ezingenantambo zitholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwewindi elisheshayo elisheshayo. Amapharamitha atholakala lapho ukuze ahlele afana nalapho elungiselela ama-routers amanye amamodeli.

Lapha kudinga umsebenzisi:

• Faka igama lakho inethiwekhi;
• Cacisa imvamisa yenethiwekhi noma khetha incazelo ezenzakalelayo;
• Khetha imodi yokusakaza yenethiwekhi engenantambo;
• Khetha izwe lakho (ngokuzithandela);
• Khetha uhlobo lwe-Encryption bese usetha iphasiwedi yokungena kwinethiwekhi engenantambo. Imvamisa khetha i-WPA2, kepha kungcono ukumaka zonke izinhlobo kuleli cala, uma kungenzeka amadivayisi kunethiwekhi engasekeli.

Cishe zonke izilungiselelo zenziwa ngokukhetha ohlwini olwehliswayo noma zihlole ibhokisi lokuhlola, ngakho-ke ngeke kudingeke ukusungula noma yini.

Isiqomanga ka-

Amasethingi e-Inthanethi atholakala phezulu phezulu kwewindows esheshayo esethiwe. Umsebenzisi unikezwa izinketho zabo ezi-3 zabo, ngokuya ngohlobo lokuxhumeka olusetshenziswa ngumhlinzeki:

1. DHCP. Ekucushweni kwefekthri, ikhona ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngakho-ke ngeke ube nalutho. Ngaphandle kokuthi udinga ukubheka ikheli le-MAC uma umhlinzeki esebenzisa ukubopha lokho.

   

2. Ikheli le-IP le-Static IP. Lapha kuzofanele wenze amapharamitha atholwe kumhlinzeki ngesandla.

   

3. Uxhumano lwe-rryy. Lapha kuzodingeka futhi ufake ngesandla igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, futhi uqhamuke negama ngokuxhumeka kwakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele uchofoze ku- "Hunternpect", futhi uma amapharamitha enziwa kahle, izilungiselelo zokuxhumeka ezifakiwe zizoboniswa emasimini angezansi.

Njengoba sibona, akukho okunzima ukuguqula amapharamitha wokuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi ku-Microtic Router.

Inethiwekhi yendawo

Ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezilungiselelo zenethiwekhi kuwindi elisheshayo elisethiwe kukhona ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi yendawo. Lapha ungashintsha ikheli le-IP le-router bese ulungiselela iseva ye-DHCP.

Ukuze i-Intanethi isebenze kahle, kuyadingeka futhi ukuvumela ukusakazwa kwe-NAT, ukubheka ibhokisi elihambisanayo lokuhlola.

Ukushintsha ngokuhlukile wonke amapharamitha ewindini elisheshayo elisethiwe, chofoza inkinobho ethi "Faka isicelo". Ukuxhumeka ku-router kuzophulwa. Qala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho noma vele unqamule, bese uvula ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi futhi. Konke kufanele kutholakale.

Ukufaka iphasiwedi yomqondisi

Kuzilungiselelo zefektri zama-routers Mikrotik password alahlekile. Yiyeke kulesi simo ayinakwehlukaniswa ngezizathu zokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, ngokugcwalisa ukucushwa okuyisisekelo kwensiza, kufanele ufake iphasiwedi yomqondisi. Kwalokhu:

1. Kwikholamu yesobunxele yewindows ye-WinBox Utility, vula ithebhu "yohlelo" bese uya esigatshaneni "Abasebenzisi".

   

2. Uhlu lwabasebenzisi oluvula, buza kabili Vula izakhiwo zomqondisi.

   

3. Iya ekuhlelweni kwephasiwedi yomsebenzisi ngokuchofoza kwiphasiwedi.

   

4. Setha iphasiwedi yomqondisi, uyiqinisekise bese usebenzisa izinguquko ngokuchofoza ku- "Faka isicelo" kanye "kulungile".

   

Lokhu kuphelele ukufaka iphasiwedi yomqondisi. Uma kunesidingo, esigabeni esifanayo, ungangeza abanye abasebenzisi noma amaqembu wabasebenzisi anamazinga ahlukene wokufinyelela ku-router.

Ukuhlelwa Kwezandla

Ukulungiselela i-router micro kumodi yezandla kudinga umsebenzisi wolwazi oluthile nokubekezela, ngoba kuzofanela kuqala amapharamitha amaningi ahlukene. Kepha inzuzo engenakuphikwa yale ndlela yikhono lokumisa i-router njengokwehla okungathandeki ngangokunokwenzeka, unaka izidingo zakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela odlulayo womsebenzi onjalo uzoba ukwanda okukhulu kolwazi lomsebenzisi emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi, okungabangelwa nezikhathi ezinhle.

Ukususa Ukucushwa Kwefekthri

Ukususa ukucushwa okujwayelekile kwe-router kuyisinyathelo sokuqala lapho ukuhlelwa kwayo okuqala khona. Udinga nje ukuchofoza ku- "Susa Ukucushwa" efasiteleni elivela lapho idivaysi iqala kuqala.

Uma iwindi elinjalo lingaveli - kusho ukuthi i-router isivele ixhunyiwe ngaphambili. Isimo esifanayo sizoba lapho usetha idivaysi esetshenzisiwe, uphendule kwenye inethiwekhi. Kulokhu, ukucushwa kwamanje kufanele kususwe kanjena:

1. E-WinBox, iya esigabeni se- "System" bese ukhetha "Ukucushwa kabusha" kusuka ohlwini olwehliswayo.

   

2. Efasiteleni elivelayo, phawula ibhokisi elithi "Akukho Lungiselela Ukucushwa" bese uchofoza inkinobho yokumiswa kabusha.

   

Ngemuva kwalokho, i-router izoqala kabusha futhi izobe isilungele ukucushwa okwengeziwe. Kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe ngokushesha igama lomqondisi bese usetha iphasiwedi kuyo ngendlela echazwe esigabeni esedlule.

Qamba kabusha izinhlaka zenethiwekhi

Enye yezinto zokuphazamiseka kokusetha ama-microtic routers, abaningi babheka amagama ama-monotous amachweba awo. Ungababona engxenyeni ethi "Interfaces WinBox":

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umsebenzi we-wan port kumadivayisi we-mikrotik wenza i-ether1. Ezinye izindawo zokuhlangana zingamachweba e-LAN. Ukuze ungadideki ngokucushwa okwengeziwe, ungawaqamba kabusha ojwayele umsebenzisi. Lokhu kuzodinga:

1. Qhafaza kabili igama port livula izakhiwo zalo.

   

2. In the "Igama" field, faka igama lepult oyifunayo bese uqhafaza u- "KULUNGILE".

   

Amachweba asele angaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi ama-lan noma ashiywe angashintshiwe. Uma umsebenzisi engacasuli amagama azenzakalelayo, ungashintsha noma yini. Le nqubo ayiphazamisi ukusebenza kwensiza futhi iyakhethwa.

Lungiselela i-inthanethi

Ukulungiselela ukuxhumana kwinethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke kunokukhethwa kwayo. Konke kuncike ohlotsheni lokuxhumeka okusetshenziswa umhlinzeki. Cabanga ngalokhu ngemininingwane eminingi.

DHCP.

Lolu hlobo lokuhlelwa lulula kakhulu. Kwanele nje ukudala iklayenti elisha le-DHCP. Kwalokhu:

1. Esigabeni se- "IP", iya kuthebhu ethi "DHCP Client".

   

2. Dala ikhasimende elisha ngokuchofoza ku-Plus ewindini elivelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awudingi ukushintsha, kwanele nje uchofoze u- "OK".

   

• Ipharamitha "yokusebenzisa" i-DNS "isho ukuthi iseva ye-DNS evela kumhlinzeki izosetshenziswa.
• Ipharamitha ye-Peer NTP ye-Peer inesibopho sokusebenzisa ukuvumelanisa isikhathi nomhlinzeki.
• Inani elithi "yebo" ku-Edd Default Route Parameter libonisa ukuthi le ndlela izongezwa etafuleni lomzila futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kokunye.

Ukuxhumana ne-IP

Kulokhu, umhlinzeki udinga ukwamukela kuqala amapharamitha wokuxhumeka adingekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:

1. Ngena ngemvume esigabeni se- "IP" - "AMAPHEPHA" bese unikeza ikheli le-IP elidingekayo le-Wan Port.

   

2. Iya ku- "Imizila" ithebhu bese wengeza umzila ozenzakalelayo.

   

3. Ngeza ikheli leseva ye-DNS.

   

Kulesi silungiselelo kuqediwe.

I-Compound idinga ukugunyazwa

Uma umhlinzeki esebenzisa i-PPURE noma uxhumano lwe-L2TP, izilungiselelo zenziwa engxenyeni ye- "RDP" WinBox. Ukuya kulesi sigaba, kufanele wenze izenzo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuchofoza ku-PLUS, khetha uhlobo lwakho lokuxhumeka ohlwini olwehliswayo (ngokwesibonelo, RPRO).

   

2. Ewindini elivula, faka igama lakho le-Connected elenziwe (ngokuzithandela).

   

3. Iya kuthebhu ethi "DLULA" bese ufaka ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi etholwe kumhlinzeki. Amanani amapharamitha asele asevele echazwe ngenhla.

   

Ukulungiselela ukuxhumana kwe-L2TP kanye nama-PRTR kwenzeka ngesimo esifanayo. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi kuthebhu "yokushayela", kukhona enye "yokuxhuma" kwisiko "", lapho ufuna ukufaka ikheli leseva ye-VPN.

Uma umhlinzeki esebenzisa ukubopha ikheli le-MAC

Kulesi simo, kufanele ushintshe WAN port kulowo umhlinzeki liyadingeka. Kumadivayisi amancane, lokhu kungenziwa kuphela kusuka kulayini womyalo. Lokhu kwenziwa kanjena:

1. E-WinBox, khetha into yemenyu "i-terminal entsha" bese uqhafaza u- "Faka" ngemuva kokuvula ikhonsoli.

   

2. Faka umyalo / Interface-Ethernet ISETHI WAN MAC-ikheli = 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00:00
3. Iya engxenyeni ethi "Interfaces", vula izakhiwo ze-wan interface futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ikheli le-MAC lishintshile.

   

Kulokhu, ukucushwa kwe-Intanethi kuqediwe, kepha amaklayenti wenethiwekhi yasekhaya ngeke akwazi ukuyisebenzisa kuze kube yinethiwekhi yendawo ilungiselelwe.

Ukusetha inethiwekhi engenantambo

Ungahlela inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo kwi-Mikrotik Router ngokuchofoza esigabeni "esingenantambo". Njengengxenye ye-Interfaces, uhlu lwezindawo ezingenantambo ezinomqondo we-WLAN (kuya ngemodeli ye-router, kungaba khona noma ngaphezulu).

Ukuhlelwa kungokulandelayo:

1. Iphrofayili Yezokuphepha yenzelwe ukuxhumana kwayo okungenantambo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuya kuthebhu efanelekile bese uqhafaza ku-Plus etafuleni elibonakalayo engenantambo. Ewindini elivulayo, lihlala lifaka amaphasiwedi we-Wi-Fi bese usetha izinhlobo ezidingekayo zokubhala.

   

2. Okulandelayo, ngokuchofoza okuphindwe kabili igama lesibonisi se-wireless, izakhiwo zalo zivuliwe futhi kulungiselelwe ngqo kuthebhu engenantambo.

   

Amapharamitha lokuphekiwe skrini kuyinto ngempela anele operation evamile inethiwekhi wireless.

Inethiwekhi yendawo

Ngemva kokususa ukucushwa imboni LAN port ne-Wi-Fi module of router ahlale ntambama unatthe. Ukuze exchange traffic phakathi kwawo, kudingeka ukuhlanganisa nabo kuleli bhuloho. Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe izilungiselelo ekhiqizwa yilesi:

1. Iya "Ibhuloho" kwesigaba bese udala kwebhuloho elisha.

   

2. Nikeza ikheli lasesizindeni ukuba ibhuloho wadala.

   

3. Nikeza le wadala DHCP iseva kwebhuloho ukuze ungasabalalisa amadivayisi ikheli kunethiwekhi. Kungcono le njongo ukusebenzisa wizadi ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "DHCP Isethaphu" bese umane ukhethe nemingcele ezidingekayo ngokuchofoza "Okulandelayo" kuze ukucushwa leseva iphelile.

   

4. Engeza zenethiwekhi ukuba ibhuloho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukubuya "Ibhuloho" sigaba futhi, ukuya "Emachwebeni" ithebhu, futhi ngokuchofoza plus, engeza nezimbobo oyifunayo. Ungakwazi vele ukhethe "Konke" bese wengeza konke ngokushesha.

   

On lokhu kulungiselelwa kunethiwekhi yasendaweni usuphothuliwe.

Isihloko nesembozo kuphela amaphuzu ayinhloko izilungiselelo router microtic. kungenzeka wabo incommensurable. Kodwa lezi zinyathelo zokuqala bangaba iphuzu kusukela lapho ungaqala dive ezweni emangalisayo amanethiwekhi computer.