Abasebenzisi abaningi, bebhekene nesidingo sokumisa lokhu noma lelo khasimende le-imeyili, bayabuzwa: "Yini iphrothokholi ye-imeyili". Ngempela, "ukuphoqa" uhlelo olunjalo ukuze lusebenze ngokujwayelekile, bese kuthi lukhululekile ukuyisebenzisa, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinketho ezitholakalayo okufanele zikhethwe, futhi yini umehluko kusuka kokunye. Imayelana nemigomo yeposi, umgomo womsebenzi wabo kanye nesilinganiso sohlelo lokusebenza, kanye namanye ama-nuances azotshelwa kule ndaba.
Amaphrothokholi we-imeyili
Sekukonke, kunezindinganiso ezintathu ezamukelwa ngokujwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa ukushintshanisa ama-imeyili (ukuthumela nokwamukela) - le yi-IMAP, POP3 ne-SMTP. Kusene-HTTP, evame ukubizwa nge-web-mail, kepha ayinabo ubudlelwano obuqondile esihlokweni sanamuhla. Ngezansi kuzocabanga ngemininingwane eminingi ngayinye yephrothokholi, kunqume izici zabo zesimo kanye nokwehluka okungenzeka, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi sinikeze incazelo yethemu uqobo.
Uhlelo lwe-imeyili, uma usho ulimi olulula kakhulu futhi oluqondakalayo - yile nto ngqo ukuthi ukushintshaniswa kokuxhumana nge-elekthronikhi kwenziwa, okungukuthi, yiphi indlela "eyethunyelwa" incwadi evela kumthumeli.
I-SMTP (Uhlelo Lokudlulisela Kwemeyili Elula)
Isidlulisilwazilula se-imeyili esilula - Le yigama eligcwele igama le-SMTP lihunyushwa futhi likhishwe ngegama. Leli Zinga lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukudlulisa i-imeyili kumanethiwekhi we-TCP / IP (ngqo ukudlulisa imeyili ephumayo TCP 25). Kunezinhlobonhlobo zalo "ezintsha" zakhona - ukunwetshwa kwe-ESMTP (kunwetshiwe i-SMTP) ngonyaka we-2008, yize kungahlukaniswa yiProtocol Yokudlulisela imeyili elula.
Iphrothokholi ye-SMTP isetshenziswa ngamaseva eposi kanye nama-ejenti okuthumela nokwamukela izinhlamvu, kepha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziselwa amakhasimende ziyisebenzisa kuphela endaweni eyodwa - ukuthumela ama-imeyili kwiseva edluliselwe kuyo.
Izicelo eziningi zeposi, ezibandakanya i-MozinLilla Thunderbird eyaziwayo, i-bat !, I-Microsoft Outlook, sebenzisa noma i-POP, noma i-IMAP, okuzoxoxwa ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kulokhu, iphrothokholi yokuphathelene ingasebenzisa i-protocol yokuphathelene ukufinyelela i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kwiseva yayo ukuthola ukufinyelela kwi-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kuseva yayo, kepha lokhu sekuvele kuphumile esihlokweni sethu.
Bheka futhi: Izincwadi zokuxazulula inkinga nge-imeyili
I-POP3 (I-Post Office Protocol Version 3)
Iphrothokholi yeposi yenguqulo yesithathu (ehunyushwe isuka English) iyindlela esezingeni elisezingeni elisetshenziswayo esetshenziswa izinhlelo zamakhasimende ezikhethekile zokuthola i-imeyili kusuka kuseva okuzayo ngendlela efanayo ye-SMTP - I-TCP / IP. Ngokuqondile emsebenzini wayo we-POP3 usebenzisa itheku ngenombolo ye-110, noma kunjalo, 995 isetshenziswa ngokuxhumeka kwe-SSL / TLS.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, yile protocol ye-imeyili (kanye nommeleli olandelayo wohlu lwethu) uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubuyisa ngqo imeyili. Okungenani, lokhu kulungisiswa yiqiniso lokuthi i-POP3, kanye ne-IMAP, hhayi kuphela ukusekelwa yizinhlelo ezikhethekile zeposi, kepha futhi isetshenziswa abahlinzeki abaholayo bezinsizakalo ezifanele - i-Gmail, i-Yahoo !, Hotmail, njll.
Qaphela: Izinga elisensimini yinguqulo yesithathu yale protocol. Eyokuqala neyesibili kuyo (i-POP, POP2, ngokulandelana), kubhekwa njengokuziphatha kuphelelwe ngokokuziphatha.
Funda futhi: Ukusetha kwemeyili ye-Gmail kuklayenti leposi
I-IMAP (I-Intanethi Yomlayezo Wokungena Emiyalezo)
Lesi yisivumelwano sezinga lesicelo esisetshenziselwa ukufinyelela ukuxhumana nge-elekthronikhi. Njengoba izindinganiso zithathwa yithi ngenhla, i-IMAP isuselwa kwi-Protocol yezokuThutha ye-TCP, futhi ukwenza imisebenzi eyabelwe yona, i-Port 143 (noma i-993 yokuxhumeka kwe-SSL / TLS).
Empeleni, kunguhlelo lokufinyelela lwe-Inthanethi lwe-Inthanethi olunikeza amathuba amaningi okusebenza ngezinhlamvu futhi ngqo ngamabhokisi eposi abekwe kwiseva ephakathi. Isicelo seklayenti esisebenzisa le protocol ngomsebenzi wayo sinokufinyelela okugcwele kwizincwadi ze-elekthronikhi sengathi zigcinwe kwiseva, kodwa kwikhompyutha yomsebenzisi.
I-IMAP ikuvumela ukuthi wenze zonke izenzo ezidingekayo ngezinhlamvu namakhabethe (amakhabethe) ngqo kwi-PC ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthumela njalo kwiseva nokuqukethwe kombhalo bese ubuyela kubo. I-POP3 ebhekwa ngenhla, njengoba besivele sakhetha, isebenza ngendlela ehlukile, "iqinisa" idatha edingekayo lapho ixhunyiwe.
Bheka futhi: Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuthumela ama-imeyili
Http.
Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwe-athikili, i-HTTP yi-protocol engahloselwe ukuxhumana nge-imeyili. Ngasikhathi sinye, singasetshenziswa ukufinyelela ibhokisi leposi, ukudweba (kepha kungathumeli) nokwamukela izinhlamvu ze-elekthronikhi. Lokho wukuthi, kwenza ingxenye kuphela yemisebenzi ehlangene yamazinga eposi okuxoxwe ngenhla. Futhi nokho, noma ngasikhathi sinye, kuvame ukubizwa nge-webmail. Mhlawumbe indima ethile kulokhu yadlalwa yi-hotmail eyake yadumala, esebenzisa i-HTTP.Khetha uHlelo lwe-imeyili
Ngakho-ke, njengoba wazijwayela ngalokho okukhona ngakunye kwezivumelwano ezikhona zeposi, singashintshela ngokuphepha ekukhetheni okusheshayo kokufanele kakhulu. I-HTTP, ngenxa yezizathu eziqokwe ngenhla, ayimeleli isithakazelo kulo mongo, futhi i-SMTP igxile ekuxazululeni imisebenzi ngaphandle kwalabo abacindezela umsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngokusetha futhi kuqinisekiswe umsebenzi ofanele weklayenti leposi, kufanele ukhethe phakathi kwe-POP3 ne-IMAP.
UHlelo Lokungena Emibikweni Ye-Inthanethi (IMAP)
Uma kwenzeka ufisa ukuba nokufinyelela okusebenzayo kubo bonke, hhayi ngisho ne-imeyili efanelekile, sincoma ngokuqinile ukumisa ukukhetha kwakho ku-IMAP. Ezinhlekeleleni zale protocol, ungahlukanisa ukuvumelanisa okusunguliwe, okukuvumela ukuthi usebenze nge-imeyili kumadivayisi ahlukene - ngasikhathi sinye, naku-oda lokulandelana, ngenxa yalokho izinhlamvu ezidingekayo ziyohlala ziseduze. Ukungathandeki okuyinhloko kweHlelo Lokungena Emibikweni Ye-Inthanethi lilandela kusuka kwizici zokusebenza kwalo futhi kuwukugcwaliswa okusheshayo kwesikhala sediski.
I-IMAP nokunye, azikho izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezibalulekile - Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele izinhlamvu ohlelweni lweposi ku-oda le-hierarchical, dala umkhombandlela ohlukile bese ubeka imiyalezo lapho, okungukuthi, ukwenza ukuhlela kwabo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka kalula ukuhlela umsebenzi ofanele futhi onethezekile ngokuxhumana nge-elekthronikhi. Kodwa-ke, ukuthakatha okukodwa kulandela umsebenzi owusizo kangaka - kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhala samahhala kwi-disk, kukhona umthwalo okhuphukile ku-processor nenqama. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kuyabonakala kuphela kwinqubo yokuvumelanisa, futhi kuphela kumadivayisi anamandla aphansi.
I-Post Office Protocor 3 (POP3)
I-POP3 ilungele ukusetha iklayenti le-imeyili uma ukuba khona kwesikhala samahhala kwiseva (DRIV) nesivinini esikhulu somsebenzi kudlala indima enkulu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lokhu okulandelayo: Shisa ukukhetha kwakho kule protocol, wenqaba ukuvumelanisa phakathi kwamadivayisi. Okungukuthi, uma wamukele, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlamvu ezintathu ngenombolo yedivayisi 1 futhi wazibona njengoba kufundwe, kunombolo yedivayisi 2, futhi isebenza ku-Post Office Protococol 3, ngeke imakwe kanjalo.
Izinzuzo ze-POP3 azigcini nje ngokulondolozwa kwesithombe sediski, kodwa futhi nokungabikho komthwalo okungenani ombalwa obonakalayo kwi-CPU ne-RAM. Le protocol, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-Intanethi, ikuvumela ukuthi ulayishe izincwadi ze-elekthronikhi ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, ngakho konke okuqukethwe kombhalo kanye nokutshalwa kwemali. Yebo, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho kuxhunyiwe, kepha nansi i-IMAP esebenza kakhulu, ngokuya ngethrafikhi ekhawulelwe noma ijubane eliphansi, futhi izihloko zazo zizokhombisa nakancane, futhi iningi labo lizokhombisa nakancane, futhi iningi labo lizophuma kuseva "Kuze kube nezikhathi ezingcono".
Ukugcina
Kulesi sihloko sizame ukunikeza impendulo eningiliziwe futhi eqondakalayo yombuzo, yini protocol ye-imeyili. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bonke banabo abane, babili kuphela - i-IMAP ne-POP3 abathanda umsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Owokuqala uzothakazela labo abasetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-imeyili evela kumadivayisi ahlukile, ukuze bafinyeleleke ngokushesha ngokuphelele kubo bonke (noma adingekayo) izincwadi, uzihlele futhi uzihlelele. Okwesibili kulawulwa kancane - ngokushesha okukhulu emsebenzini, kepha akuvumeli ukuhlela ngasikhathi sinye kumadivayisi ambalwa.