Inethiwekhi yokusetha e-CentOS 6

Ngemuva kokufaka ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Centros 6, izilungiselelo zokuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi zifakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuze ngokushesha uye emsebenzini esipheqululini noma ukulanda amaphakheji kusuka ku- "terminal". Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi umsebenzisi uvela phambi komsebenzisi ukushintsha amanani okuxhumeka kwamanje, adale okusha noma ukushintshela kwinye inethiwekhi ekhona. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi usethe ngesandla amapharamitha ahambisanayo nangenye yezindlela ezitholakalayo. Ngabo nje futhi lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho.

Lungiselela inethiwekhi e-CentOS 6

Zonke izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi, njengezinye izilungiselelo eziningi, zigcinwa kumafayela athile wokucushwa futhi zifundwa ngezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile kanye nezicelo. Ukusuka kokuqukethwe kwamafayela anje kanye nokusebenza kokuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi kuya ngokuhlobene. Ungaguqula amanani adingekayo ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile - usebenzisa umsebenzi owengeziwe noma okuqukethwe okuguqula ukucushwa kwemibhalo yokucushwa. Ngezansi sizokuhlaziya lezi zindlela ezimbili ngokuningiliziwe, futhi uzokhetha kuphela ukukhetha okulungile.

Ukuxhumana okusheshayo kwenethiwekhi

Ngaphambi kokuqala izindlela ezigcwele, ngithanda ukuqaphela amathuba okwakhelwe ukuxhumeka ngokushesha kwinethiwekhi esebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ifconfig ejwayelekile. Inketho enjalo izoba wusizo kulabo basebenzisi abafuna ukucela ngokuzimela ikheli le-IP kanye nemaski ye-subnet. Zonke izenzo zenziwa ngokoqobo izinyathelo ezimbalwa:

1. Gijimisa ikhonsoli ejwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo, ngemenyu yesicelo noma inhlanganisela yokhiye we-CTRL + ALT + T



2. Faka i-Ifconfig eth0 umyalo we-192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255, lapho wonke amanani, kufaka phakathi amagama atholakalayo.



3. Uma kungazelelwe udinga ukukhubaza ukuxhumana okufakiwe, sebenzisa i-sudo ifconfig eth0 phansi.



4. Lesi senzo senziwa egameni leSuperuser, ngakho-ke kufanele ufake iphasiwedi ukuhlinzeka ukufinyelela kwe-terrt.



5. Uma kwenzeka kunesidingo sokuthola amapharamitha okuxhumeka okuzenzakalelayo, kufanele ungene esikhundleni semiyalo engenhla e-Dhclient Eth0.

Vele, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi umane usethe ukuxhumeka okusha emizuzwini embalwa, kepha hhayi njalo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi lokho kulungiselelwa okunjalo kwanelisa izidingo zabasebenzisi, ngakho-ke seluleka ukuthi uzijwayeze lezi zindlela ezilandelayo.

Indlela 1: I-Tui NetworkManager

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-TUI NetworkManager lufana nokufana kwesimo sokuqhafaza esisebenza nge-ukuphela. Ithuluzi elinjalo likuvumela ukuthi uphathe ngokushesha amanethiwekhi akhona bese wakhe amasha. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni, lokhu kusetshenziswa kufanele kufakwe ohlelweni, bese usuvele uhambe ukuhlela amapharamitha.

1. Landa inguqulo yakamuva yohlelo ngokusebenzisa okusemthethweni okusemthethweni ngokungena eSudo YUM Faka i-NetworkManager-Tui.



2. Qinisekisa i-akhawunti ye-superuser futhi ulindele ukulandwa.



3. Qalisa i-Tui NetworkManager ngokwenza umyalo we-NMTUI.



4. Kumenyu enkulu, ukukhetha kunikezwa ngezenzo ezintathu - "Shintsha ukuxhumana", "xhuma" futhi "shintsha igama le-node". Ake siqale ngephuzu lokuqala.



5. Kuluhlu, thola uhlobo lokuxhumana olufanele bese uqhubekela ekuhlelweni kwalo.



6. Ngaphezulu kunezindawo ezimbili lapho kufakwa khona igama lephrofayili kanye nekheli le-MAC ledivayisi elalisetshenziselwa ukuhlela inethiwekhi.



7. Okulandelayo, imininingwane ethi "Ethernet" kanye nokucushwa komuntu ngamunye kwephrothokholi kudalulwa. Ukugcwalisa insimu ngayinye kwenzeka ngokucatshangelwa ngumsebenzisi uqobo. Nasi isibonakaliso esifinyelelekayo sekheli le-MAC, ukusesha okuzimele kwezizinda namaseva e-DNS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapharamitha angeziwe wokujikeleza alungiselelwe.



8. Lapho udala ukuxhumana okusha, kuqala kukhethwe ngohlobo lwayo oludingayo ukukhiqiza ukucushwa kokuqala.



9. Ngemuva kwalokho inqubo ye-Manual Network Creation ayihlukile ekuhlelweni okuvele ikhona, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuxhumana okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezinga lokufinyelela kufakiwe.



10. Uhlu lwamanethiwekhi, i-active ihlala imakwe ngophawu lokuhlola, futhi ukuyishintsha, udinga ukuthuthela entweni oyifunayo usebenzisa imicibisholo bese uqhafaza inkinobho ethi ENTER.



11. Lapho usuqede ukucushwa, qala kabusha insizakalo yenethiwekhi ukuvuselela izilungiselelo zokuqalisa kabusha kwenethiwekhi.

Indlela ethathiwe ilungele abasebenzisi be-novice abangakaze bazuze umsebenzi kumafayili wokucushwa. Kodwa-ke, unezithiyo zawo, ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza okulinganiselwe. Alikho ithuluzi elizohlinzeka ngohlu oluphelele lwezilungiselelo ezingashintshwa ngokuzimela ku-Config.

Indlela 2: Ukuhlela Ifayela Lokucushwa

Wonke amafayela wokucushwa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezisuselwa ku-Linux Kernel ziyehlukahlukahlukana. Kunezisombululo eziningi ezinjalo, imvamisa umsebenzisi ukhetha inguqulo efanele ngokwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhethwa kohlelo ukuvula i-Config akubalulekile njengenqubo yokucushwa uqobo.

1. Iya kwikhonsoli bese uhamba ngendlela yokugcina yenethiwekhi ngokufaka i-CD / njll / sysconfig / ama-spripphs wenethiwekhi /.



2. Sikucebisa ukuthi uqale idokhumenti ngesihleli se-nano ngokufaka i-Sudo Nano IFCFG-Enp0s3, lapho igama le-Enp0s3 liyigama lokushintsha. Uma kungekho lomhleli ohlelweni, uqala ukuyifaka usebenzisa i-sudo yum Faka i-nano.



3. Kuleli fayela uzobona amapharamitha kanye namanani awo, ngokuningiliziwe ngento ngayinye sizokhuluma ngezansi. Manje yisikhathi sokushintsha konke okudingayo.



4. Lapho usuqede, faka izinguquko ngokuchofoza ku-CTRL + o bese uvala umhleli we-CTRL + X.



5. Qalisa kabusha insizakalo yokuqalisa kabusha insiza ukuvuselela ukucushwa.

Manje ake sikuthole ngamapharamitha akhona futhi abheke izinhlobo ezimbili zokucushwa - ukuxhumana kwe-tuli nokuthola izilungiselelo ezishukumisayo nge-DHCP. Kuleli fayela ngohlobo lokuqala, izinto kufanele zibe namagugu anjalo:

Idivaysi = Inombolo ye-eth0 # interface eyabelwe uhlelo

Hwaddr = 08: 00: 27: 6c: E1: Ikheli le-FC # le-MAC ledivayisi yenethiwekhi. Ayiguquki ngaphandle kwesidingo

Thayipha = I-Ethernet # Uhlobo Lokuxhumeka

UUID = E2F7B74A-EC49-4672-8CF-FF90DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDNDD #EBDD # ISIQINISEKISO SOKUXHUMANA

I-Onboot = yebo # ukwethulwa kwenethiwekhi okuzenzakalelayo ngemuva kokusebenza kwe-boot system

Nm_controlled = Akukho # Vumela noma khubaza Ukulawula InethiwekhiManager

I-BootProto = Akukho # Ungasebenzisi i-DHCP

IPaddr = 111.111.11.111 # Ikheli le-IP

I-NetMASK = 255.255.255.255 # I-Subnet Mask

I-Gateway = 192.168.1.1 # Isango

DNS1 = 192.1.1.1 # I-DNS Server

IPv6init = Cha # Khubaza I-IPV6 Protocol

Userctl = akukho ukuvinjelwa # kumsebenzisi ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuphatha isikhombimsebenzisi senethiwekhi

Izincazelo zomugqa ngamunye esizifakile kwisibonakaliso #, ukuthi kufayela lokucushwa kusho amazwana. Ngakho-ke, ukopisha ngokuphephile lokhu okuqukethwe ngokushintsha amanani afiselekayo futhi ushiye incazelo yemigqa ukuze ungakhohlwa ngokuzayo, yilowo nalowo nalowo. Okuqukethwe okunjalo kuyindinganiso yokuxhumana ye-static, futhi njenge-Dynamic nge-DHCP, kushintsha kancane lapha:

Idivaysi = Inombolo ye-eth0 # interface eyabelwe uhlelo

Hwaddr = 08: 00: 27: 6c: E1: Ikheli le-FC # Mac

Thayipha = Uhlobo lwe-Ethernet

UUID = E2F7B74A-EC49-4672-81CF-FF9C30D8EBDD # I-ID ye-Interface

I-Onboot = Yebo # Vumela isikhombimsebenzisi lapho silayisha

I-NM_CONTROLDED = AKUKHO # IQHAWULELWE NGESIQINISEKISO SOKUQALA

I-BootProto = DHCP isebenzisa i-DHCP

IPv6init = Cha # Khubaza I-IPV6 Protocol

Userctl = akukho # ukunqabela abasebenzisi ukuphatha lesi sitoli

Njengoba ubona, ecaleni lesibili, ikheli le-IP kanye nemaski ye-subnet litholwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngoba ubuchwepheshe be-DHCP bubandakanyeka lapha, into esemqoka ukucacisa lokhu kufayela lokucushwa ukuze zonke izinto zenziwe ziphothuliwe ngempumelelo. Ngemuva kwakho konke ushintsho kudokhumenti, ungakhohlwa ukuyigcina bese uqala kabusha insizakalo yenethiwekhi ukuze zonke izibuyekezo zifakwe.

Lungiselela i-Firewall e-CentOS

Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yikuphi ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kungumlilo womlilo, kuyisicishamlilo. Ngenxa yaso, ukuhlunga kwethrafikhi kwenzeka futhi ukudluliswa kwedatha kuyaqinisekiswa. Isenzo salesi sicishamlilo sincike kwimithetho esunguliwe esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ukulungiselela umsebenzisi ngamunye ngamunye. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amasentimitha ahilelekile kwi-firewalld - ithuluzi elijwayelekile lokulawula umlilo komhlaba, elinencwajana enemininingwane yokusetha ongayithola kwesinye isihloko ngesixhumanisi esilandelayo.

Funda kabanzi: Ukusetha Firewall e-CentOS

Kwesinye isikhathi, abasebenzisi bakhetha elinye ithuluzi - izikhalazo. Eqinisweni, lokhu kusetshenziswa kucishe kube yinto anagolous ku-firewalld, kepha ngezici ezithile. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzisi kufanele akhethe ukuthi yisiphi isinqumo sokuphathwa kwe-firewall ongasikhetha. Sincoma ukufunda nesihloko sokuhlela ama-IPTAbles, futhi kuphela lapho ukhetha ukusetshenziswa okuzoba kufaneleka kakhulu.

Funda kabanzi: Sethap Ipts kuma-CentOS

Manje ujwayelene nazo zonke izigaba zezilungiselelo zenethiwekhi kuma-Centros 6 Distribung. Kuhlala kuphela ukukhetha enye yezindlela ezimbili ezethulwe bese ulandela imiyalo. Ngingathanda ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlela ifayela lokucushwa kufanele kuhlale kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungavumeli amaphutha lapho ungena kumapharamitha namanani. Ngisho nephutha elilodwa lingaholela ekwehlulekeni kwe-Intanethi.