Enye yezinzuzo zokuhanjiswa okubhalwe eLinux Kernel kubhekwa njengezindawo ezahlukahlukene zedeskithophu. Amagobolondo anemifanekiso eminingi elungiselelwe asungulwe yizinkampani ezahlukahlukene, alolwa ngaphansi kweqembu ngalinye lomsebenzisi nokwenza imisebenzi ethile. Emapulatifomu amaningi, elinye lamagobolondo anjalo selifakiwe, kepha abaningi bafisa ukuzama okuthile okusha noma okulahlekile lapho bekhetha umhlangano ngemvelo yedeskithophu. Namuhla singathanda ukukhuluma ngamagobolondo athandwa kakhulu, aphakamise izici zawo eziphambili.
Gnome.
Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukutshela ngeGnome - enye yezixazululo ezijwayelekile ezithandwa kakhulu zokusatshalaliswa okuningi, njenge-Debian noma ubuntu. Mhlawumbe isici esiyinhloko saleli gobolondo namuhla ukulawulwa okuhle kakhulu kwamadivayisi wezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukhanseli iqiniso lokuthi isikhombimsebenzisi esiyinhloko senziwa nasezingeni eliphakeme, kubhekwa njengento ekhangayo impela futhi elula. Manje umphathi wefayela elijwayelekile yiNautilus, ekuvumela ukuthi ubuke kuqala amafayela wombhalo, umsindo, ividiyo nezithombe.
Phakathi kwezicelo ezijwayelekile eGnome kukhona emulator yokugcina, umhleli wombhalo we-gedit, isiphequluli sewebhu (Epiphany). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona uhlelo lokulawula i-imeyili, isidlali se-multimedia, indlela yokubuka izithombe nesethi yezinsimbi zomfanekiso zokuphatha. Ngokuqondene nobubi bemvelo yedeskithophu, phakathi kwabo ungabona isidingo sokufaka into eyengeziwe ye-tweak yathatha ukusetha ukubukeka, kanye nenqama eningi edliwayo.
Kde.
I-KDE akuyona nje imvelo yedeskithophu, kepha iqoqo lezinhlelo eziningi lapho igobolondo libizwa ngokuthi yi-plasma. I-KDE icatshangelwa kahle isixazululo esenziwe ngezifiso futhi esiguquguqukayo esizoba wusizo kubasebenzisi abavela ezigabeni ezihlukene ngokuphelele. Thatha njengesibonelo se-gnome efanayo, esivele sitshelile ngaphambili, - yena, njengezimbili zamagobolondo, ifakwe ithuluzi elengeziwe ukumisa ukubukeka. Kulesixazululo esidingidwa, konke okudingayo sekuvele kube khona ku- "System Parameters" imenyu. Kukhona futhi ukulanda okutholakalayo nokufakwa kwamawijethi, amaphephadonga nalawo ngqo kusuka efasiteleni, ngaphandle kokuqalisa kuqala isiphequluli sewebhu.
Ngokubambisana ne-KDE, uthola isethi enkulu yesoftware, kanti ezinye zazo zisatshalaliswa kuphela kuleli ntambo futhi azitholakali kwabanye, ngokwesibonelo, iklayenti le-ktorent torrent noma isihleli sevidiyo ye-ktorent. Izici ezinjalo zivame ukudlala enye yezindima ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha. I-Juses afisa ukuthola konke okudingekayo futhi isebenze ngokuphelele ngemuva kokufakwa ngemuva kokufakwa, sincoma kakhulu ukuthi uzijwayeze ngale ndlela. Kodwa-ke, bekungenjalo ngaphandle kwamaminithi. Isibonelo, i-graphic graphic Shell Global Global iwukusebenzisa kakhulu izinsiza zohlelo kanye nobunzima bokuphatha amapharamitha athile abasebenzisi be-novice. Kumapulatifomu we-apencunsese kanye nama-Kubuntu Kde, okuzenzakalelayo kulungele ukusebenza okugcwele.
I-LXDE
Lezi zixazululo ezimbili ezedlule zidla inqama enkulu futhi zifuna iprosesa, ngoba kunemiphumela eminingi ehlukahlukene kakhulu nezithombe. Imvelo ye-LXDE Desktop igxile ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yohlelo oluphansi futhi ifakwe njengezinga emhlanganweni odumile waseLumbuuntu. Igobolondo lisebenza ngokuya ngomgomo we-modular, lapho ingxenye ngayinye izimele komunye nomunye futhi ingasebenza ngokuhlukile. Lokhu kwenza lula inqubo yokufaka amapulatifomu ahlukene. Ngendlela mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza: I-LXDE isekelwa cishe cishe konke ukusatshalaliswa okukhona.
Esethwe ngegobolondo, iqoqo lezicelo ezijwayelekile iqoqo le-terminal emulator, iwindi nemenenja yefayela, umhleli wombhalo, uhlelo lokubuka izithombe, isidlali semultimedia namathuluzi ahlukahlukene okusetha uhlelo. Ngokuqondene nokulawulwa, ngisho nomsebenzisi we-novice uzokuthola kalula nakho, kepha ukubukeka kwe-LXDE kubonakala kungasebenzi. Noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi isinqumo esinjalo sathathwa enhlanganweni yesivinini esikhulu.
Xfce.
Ukuqala isihloko sama-Shells Graphics akhanyayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungamaki xfce. Abanikazi be-Manjaro Linux basekwe kwi-arch linux, ngokuzenzakalelayo, bathola lesi sixazululo. Njengemvelo yangaphambili yomsebenzi, i-XFCE igxile kwijubane eliphezulu kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, ukubukeka kwenziwa kukhange ngokwengeziwe futhi kufana nabasebenzisi abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-XFCE ayinayo izingqinamba zokuhambisana kumamodeli amadala we-processor, azovumela ukusetshenziswa kwegobolondo kunoma iyiphi ithuluzi.
Zonke izinto ezisebenzayo, ezinjengezilungiselelo zesistimu, zenziwa njengezicelo ezihlukile, okungukuthi, uhlelo lwe-modular luqaliswa lapha. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uguqule kalula i-Shell uqobo, ukuhlela ithuluzi ngalinye ngokwahlukana. Njengakwezinye izixazululo, i-Xfce iqoqe inqwaba yesoftware evamile nezinsiza, njengeseshini Menanja, Umphathi Wezilungiselelo, Ukusesha kwesicelo, Umphathi Wezwe. Phakathi kwesoftware eyengeziwe kunekhalenda, isidlali sevidiyo nomsindo, umhleli wombhalo kanye nethuluzi lokuqoshwa kwe-disk. Mhlawumbe okuwukuphela kokwebiwa okubalulekile kwale ndawo kumane nje kuyinombolo encane yezakhi ezijwayelekile eziqhathaniswa nezinye izixazululo.
Mate.
UMate usephenduke igatsha elivela eGnome 2, manje elingasasekelwa futhi ikhodi kabani eyenziwe kabusha kakhulu. Kungezwe izici eziningi ezintsha futhi ukubukeka sekushintshile. Abathuthukisi begobolondo bagcizelele kubasebenzisi abasha, bezama ukwenza lula ukulawula ngaphakathi kwemvelo yedeskithophu. Ngakho-ke, umlingani angabhekwa njengomunye wamagobolondo alula. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, le ndawo isungulwa kuphela kunguqulo ekhethekile ye-Ubuntu Mate, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka kwabanye abahleli bezinhlelo zokusebenza. Inketho okukhulunywa ngayo futhi ibhekisa kumagobolondo ambalwa akhanyayo angadli izinsiza zohlelo eziningi.
Isethi yezicelo iyijwayelekile, futhi njengesisekelo sekhithi ye-Gnome efanayo 2. Kodwa-ke, amanye amathuluzi asetshenziswa ngendlela yeForks: Isisekelo sekhodi sokwesekwa okuvulekile sithathwe futhi siguqulwe kancane ngabadali be imvelo yedeskithophu. Ngakho-ke, kwaziwa ukuthi umhleli wezindaba eziningi ze-Gedit ku-Mate abizwa ngokuthi yiPluma futhi aqukethe umehluko. Lo medium usesesigabeni sokuthuthuka, izibuyekezo ziphuma kaningi, amaphutha alungiswa ngokushesha, futhi ukusebenza kuyanda kuphela.
Isinamoni
Abasebenzisi bakhetha i-Linux ukufaka esikhundleni iWindows evame ukubhekana namathiphu wobuso ekukhetheni hhayi kuphela ipulatifomu yokuqala yokujwayela, kodwa futhi negobolondo elihle kakhulu le-graphic. Isinamoni kuvame ukushiwo, ngoba ukuqaliswa kwayo kufana nemvelo ye-norovs desktop futhi kwaziwa kalula ngabasebenzisi abasha. Ekuqaleni, kuphela ama-linux mint asatshalaliswa kule ndawo, kepha khona-ke sekutholakala esidlangalaleni futhi manje kuyahambisana nokusatshalaliswa okuningi. Isinamoni ziqukethe izinto ezahlukahlukene ezenziwe ngezifiso, amawindi afanayo, amaphaneli, ukubukeka komphathi namanye amapharamitha angeziwe.
Ingxenye esemqoka yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zafunga kusuka ku-Gnome 3, ngoba isinamoni sasisuselwa kwikhodi yekhodi yaleli gobolondo. Kodwa-ke, abadali be-Linux mint bangeze uhla lwe-software enophawu lokwandisa ukusebenza kwemvelo. Isinamoni ayinaziphutha ezibalulekile, ngaphandle kwalabo abasebenzisi ngezikhathi ezithile zibhekana nokuvela kwamaphutha amancane emsebenzini, okungenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezakhi ezithile noma izinkinga ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokusebenza uqobo.
Budgie.
Kukhona ukusatshalaliswa kolusa owaziwayo. Inkampani yabathuthukisi ngokufana neplatifomu ibandakanyeka ekwakheni nasekusekeleni igobolondo lehluzo le-budgie. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, le ndawo yedeskithophu ifakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Igxile kuyo ngokuyinhloko ukubukeka okuhle nokusebenziseka kalula kwabasebenzisi abasha. Njengesisekelo eBudgie, kuthathwe ubuchwepheshe be-GNOME, okwenza sikwazi ukuhlanganisa nesitaki sale ncwadi. Ngokwehlukana, ngithanda ukumaka i-Weide Panel Raven. Ngalo, ukuguqukela kuwo wonke amamenyu, izinhlelo zokusebenza nezilungiselelo, futhi kusuka kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi iRaven ingenye yamaphaneli anemininingwane kakhulu.
Ngo-2019, izinguqulo ezintsha ze-Budgie zisakhiqizwa, lapho kuphothulwa khona izici ezahlukahlukene futhi amaphutha alungiswa. Isibonelo, ezinguqulweni zangaphambili, ukuqedwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kohlelo lokusebenza kuvame ukwenzeka, kepha manje le nkinga ihanjiswe ngempumelelo. Ukusuka kumaminithi, ungamaka inani elincane lezilungiselelo zedeskithophu yedeskithoshi kanye nenombolo ekhawulelwe yokusatshalaliswa okusemthethweni naleli Jeloll: Manje kukhona kuphela i-Gecko Lingux, i-Manjaro Linux, Solus kanye noBuntu Budgie.
Ukukhanyiselwa
Iphrojekthi ekhanyayo ibekwe njengomphathi wewindi. Njengamanje, kunezingxenye ezintathu ezifanele zaleli gobolondo: I-DR16 - Inketho encane ephelelwe yisikhathi, i-DR17 ngumhlangano wokugcina oqinile kanye ne-EFL (Imitapo yolwazi ehlukile yokugcina umsebenzi wale mihlangano engenhla. Umphathi ocatshangelwe akathathi indawo eningi yediski enzima futhi ugxile ekusebenzeni okuphezulu. Kujwayelekile eBolos, Bodhi Linux naku-OpenGEU.
UMark Ngifuna ukusho inqubo ethuthukisiwe yokuklama, izithombe ezihlelekayo zazo zonke izinto zokwakhiwa, ukwesekwa okuthuthukile kwama-desktops abonakalayo kanye nokwethulwa kwamapharamitha okubhalisa kukhodi eyodwa kanambambili ukuze kube lula ukufunda nokuthola imephu. Ngeshwa, umugqa wokuqala weMenenja yeWindows akubandakanyi izinhlelo eziningi, ngakho-ke iningi labo kuzodingeka lifake ngokuzimela.
I-ICEWM.
Lapho wenza i-ICEWMM, abathuthukisi bagxile ekusetshenzisweni okuncane kwezinsiza zohlelo nokuhlelwa okuguquguqukayo kwegobolondo. Lo mphathi uzoba inketho engcono kakhulu kulabo basebenzisi abafuna ukucacisa ngokuzimela zonke izilungiselelo zemvelo ngamafayela wokucushwa. Enye yezici ze-ICEWM yithuba lokulawulwa okugcwele okugcwele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa igundane lekhompyutha.
I-ICEWM ayihambelani nabasebenzisi be-novice nalabo abafuna ukulungele ngokushesha ukusebenza igobolondo elinemifanekiso. Lapha kufanele ulungiselele konke ngesandla, ukudala amafayela akhethekile ku-~ / .ICicewm Directory. Konke ukucushwa komsebenzisi kunalolu hlobo:
- Imenyu - Izinto zemenyu nesakhiwo;
- I-Toolbar - engeza izinkinobho zokuqala kwibha yomsebenzi;
- Okuncamelayo - Ukulungiselela amapharamitha ajwayelekile womphathi wewindi;
- Okhiye - Ukufakwa izinqamuleli zekhibhodi ezengeziwe;
- I-Wonaptions - Imithetho Yokuphatha Isicelo;
- I-Startup ifayela elingenzeka eliqala lapho ikhompyutha ivuliwe.
Namuhla sihlolisise ngemininingwane kuphela amagobolondo ayisishiyagalolunye abonisa ukusatshalaliswa ngokusekelwe ku-Linux. Vele, lolu hlu lukude ngokuphelele, ngoba manje kunamagatsha amaningi nemihlangano ehlukahlukene yemvelo. Sizame ukusho ngokuhle kakhulu futhi okuthandwa kakhulu kubo. Ukufaka, okokuqala kunconyelwe ukukhetha inguqulo eqediwe ye-OS ngegobolondo elifakiwe. Uma kungekho kungenzeka, lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ekufakweni kwe-Medium likumibhalo esemthethweni ngalo noma ipulatifomu esetshenzisiwe.