Ukushintshwa kwephasiwedi kuLinux

Imithetho evamile yokuphepha yokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux idinga ukuthi ucacise iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi ngamunye lapho kudalwa. Ngokwengeziwe, izinkinobho ezifanayo zibekwe kuwo wonke amaqembu akhona, futhi iphasiwedi enkulu ivula ukufinyelela kumalungelo ezimpande. Konke lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kufanele kuguquke, kwakha izinkinobho ezintsha. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi ezincike ngqo ngohlobo lwephrofayili noma yeqembu lapho ushintsho luvela khona. Okulandelayo, sifuna ukukhuluma ngazo zonke lezi zindlela, sithinte yonke imininingwane.

Shintsha amaphasiwedi eLinux

Njengoba wazi, konke ukusatshalaliswa kwehluka komunye nomunye hhayi kuphela ngamagobolondo angu-graphic, kodwa futhi namaqembu ajwayelekile. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu akusebenzi ezinsizakalweni ezinesibopho sokushintsha iphasiwedi, ngakho-ke imiyalo engezansi ingabhekwa njengendawo yonke. Ukuphela kwento okufanele iphawulwe ngumehluko ngamagobolondo. Sithathe njengesibonelo isikhombimsebenzisi se-Ubuntu, futhi wena, uma ufuna ukushintsha ukhiye wokufinyelela nge-GUI, cabanga ngezici zemvelo yakho.

Umsebenzisi wamanje

Zonke izincwadi ezilandelayo zizohlukaniswa izigaba eziningana ukuze ukhethe indlela efanele. Imvamisa, abasebenzisi banesifiso sokushintsha iphasiwedi yabo, ngakho-ke sinikeza ukuzijwayeza ngale nqubo kuqala.

Indlela 1: Isibonisi esibonakalayo

Amathuluzi wokuhlobisa okuqhafaza yi-"ukuphela" elungele ukufakwa esikhundleni kwabasebenzisi abaqalayo. Kukuye ukuthi sizosebenzisana nale ndlela ngale ndlela. Kubhekiswa esigabeni se- "Parameter" ukwenza ilitshe elisethiwe.

1. Vula imenyu yohlelo lokusebenza bese usebenzisa ithuluzi elifanele.



2. Sebenzisa ifasitelana lesokunxele ukuya ku "System Inform".



3. Lapha unentshisekelo kwisigaba "Abasebenzisi".



4. Qiniseka ukuthi i-akhawunti edingekayo ikhethiwe, bese uqhafaza kulayini we- "Iphasiwedi".



5. Kuboniswa ifomu elisha ukushintsha ukhiye wokufinyelela. Kuyo, ukuqala, chaza iphasiwedi yamanje, bese usetha okusha ngokuqinisekisa.

Ngemuva kwakho, uzokwaziswa ukuthi zonke izinguquko zidlulile kahle. Manje lapho uqala kabusha ikhompyutha, ungakhohlwa lokho kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kufanele usebenzise iphasiwedi entsha.

Indlela 2: "Isiginali"

Manje ake sixoxe ngokuthi ukwenza kanjani okufanayo, kepha vele nge-ukuphela. Kuzosiza kulabo basebenzisi abakuthola kunzima ukuthola iphuzu elihambisanayo kumenyu yokuqhafaza, bancamela ukusebenzisa i-Console noma basebenzise izinguquko ezilandelayo ngokufaka imiyalo.

1. Vula imenyu yesicelo bese uqhafaza lapho kwisithonjana se- "terminal".



2. Faka umyalo we-passwd bese uqhafaza ku-ENTER.



3. Manje udinga ukufaka ukhiye wamanje ukuze uqinisekise ukuqinisekiswa kwe-akhawunti. Qaphela ukuthi izinhlamvu ezibhalwe ngale ndlela aziboniswa kwintambo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zifakwe kahle.



4. Ngemuva kokufaka iphasiwedi entsha.



5. Qinisekisa ukubheka ukunemba.

Umugqa omusha ukhombisa imininingwane yokuthi iphasiwedi ishintshiwe futhi kufanele isetshenziselwe ukugunyazwa okulandelayo ohlelweni. Njengoba ubona, akukho okunzima ukusebenza nge-console kanye nemiyalo ejwayelekile, udinga kuphela ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi inketho ebhekele ipharamitha edingekayo.

I-ACCOUNT

Abanye abaphathi bohlelo noma amaphrofayli abathola ukufinyeleleka kwezimpande eLinux babhekene nesidingo sokushintsha iphasiwedi kusuka kwenye i-akhawunti. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umsebenzisi, ngokwesibonelo, ukhohliwe iphasiwedi yakhe futhi akakwazi ukungena ohlelweni lokusebenza. Ngale ndlela, njengakwesokuqala, kunezindlela ezimbili zokufeza inhloso.

Indlela 1: Isibonisi esibonakalayo

Lapha kufanele usebenzise imvelo yezemvelo, uguqula izilungiselelo ngemenyu ehambisanayo. Imiyalo elandelayo izosiza ukuthola zonke izinyathelo.

1. Ukuqala, ngena ngemvume ku-Linux ngaphansi kwe-akhawunti, enikwe amandla eqenjini leSudo noma inokufinyelela okuqondile ezimpandeni.



2. Vula "amapharamitha", hambisa "olwazini lohlelo" nasewindini lomsebenzisi, chofoza inkinobho ethi "Vula".



3. Faka iphasiwedi kusuka eSudo ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso.



4. Shintshela kwi-akhawunti yenye i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi.



5. Chofoza emugqeni ngephasiwedi.



6. Maka i- "Faka Iphasiwedi Manje" ngophawu bese ugcwalisa ifomu elifanele.

Ngemuva kokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "Shintsha", amapharamitha amasha azosebenza ngokushesha, futhi umsebenzisi uqobo uzokwaziswa lapho izinguquko zephasiwedi zizokwaziswa futhi kuzofanela zifake ukungena.

Indlela 2: ukuphela kwe-terminal

Emiyalweni yokushintsha iphasiwedi yakho, sesivele sikhombisile ithimba lekhonsoli elibhekele ukwenziwa kwalesi senzo. Lapho ushintsha ukhiye wokufinyelela womunye umsebenzisi, cishe into efanayo yenzeka, kepha futhi kuzofanela ukucacisa izinketho eziningana ezichazwe ngezansi.

1. Vula i- "terminal", ngokwesibonelo, ngesithonjana kuphaneli "yezintandokazi".



2. Bhala umyalo we-Sudo Passwd Lupswd, lapho i-Lucic iligama le-akhawunti i-password entsha izocaciswa ngalo.



3. Qinisekisa amalungelo ezimpande ngokufaka ukhiye ofanele.



4. Landela imiyalo ekhonjiswe emigqeni emisha ukuqedela inqubo.



5. Uma udinga ukususa iphasiwedi nhlobo, bhala i-Sudo Passwd -D LUPSWITE. Kulokhu, umsebenzisi ngeke esagunyazwa ohlelweni uze uguqule lokhu kulungiselelwa.

Umsebenzi Wokuguqula Iphasiwedi Opholile

E-Linux yabaphathi bohlelo, kunendlela ekhethekile ekuvumela ukuthi wenze amanye amaphrofayili ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ungene esikhundleni samaphasiwedi akho. Lokhu kungenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngezinhloso zokuphepha. Njengasemacaleni amabili edlule, lokhu kulungiselelwa kwenziwa nge-terminal noma i-GUI.

Indlela 1: "Imenyu yepharamitha"

Njengokujwayelekile, ake siqale ngesibonisi sokuqhafaza. Lapha futhi, kuzofanela ubheke isigaba sezilungiselelo zesistimu. Kodwa-ke, cabanga ngokuthi ukuguquguquka kokuhlelwa kwalokhu kukhawulelwe kwisidingo sebhanali ukushintsha ukhiye wokufinyelela ngokungena ngemvume okulandelayo eLinux. Uma udinga ukusetha amapharamitha amahle kakhulu, masinyane uye ekucabangeni kwemiyalo yokugcina ngale ndlela elandelayo.

1. Vula "amapharamitha" okulungele wena.



2. Lapha, iya engxenyeni ethi "Abasebenzisi" futhi uvule ukulawula.



3. Chofoza kwintambo yephasiwedi ye-akhawunti edingekayo.



4. Maka into yemenyu "Vumela umsebenzisi ukuthi ashintshe iphasiwedi lapho ungena ngemvume ngokulandelayo.



5. Unganaki igama elithi "Vumela" ngoba lihunyushelwe alilungile lapha. Lapho uzama ukuba ngukugunyazwa okulandelayo, kuzovela isaziso esikrinini lapho ushintsho kumele senziwe luphoqelelwe.

Indlela 2: Ukulungiswa kokuqala kwephasiwedi

Manje sinikezela ukubhekisa kwikhonsoli ukwenza ngokwezifiso ubuqiniso benkinobho. Njengoba sesishilo ngenhla, le nketho ivumelana nezimo ukwedlula ukulawula ngesibonisi sokuqhafaza, ngoba uvunyelwe ukuthi ukhethe umnqamulajuso lapho ungashintsha khona, futhi ungahlela izaziso zomsebenzisi oqondiwe. Konke lokhu kungokulandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, ukunquma igama le-akhawunti okuzokwenziwa kokwehla okulandelayo.



2. Gijimani ikhonsoli bese ubuka isimo samanje sephasiwedi yale phrofayili lapho ngokufaka i-Sudo Passwd -S Lucics -s. Buyisela ama-limpics egameni elithile.



3. Ake sihlaziye okuqukethwe yintambo entsha. Inani lokuqala yigama lephrofayili, inani le-P libhekele iphasiwedi manje efakiwe. Incwadi l isho ukuthi iphrofayili ivinjiwe, futhi uma bekukhona i-NP - Ukhiye wokufinyelela wawungakahlelwa. Usuku olulandelayo lusho isikhathi soshintsho lokugcina, 0 - isikhathi esincane kuze kube yilapho i-shift elandelayo, 99999 isikhathi esivumelekile sokhiye. Inombolo 7 isho ukuthi isonto ngaphambi kokuphela kwephasiwedi, umsebenzisi uzokwaziswa ngesidingo sokushintsha kwawo, futhi -1 - Ngemuva kosuku ngemuva kokuphela kokhiye, kuzobe kungasebenzi, futhi umsebenzisi ngeke ukwazi ukungena ngemvume.



4. Shintsha umsebenzisi ukuthi ashintshe ukulungiswa, ngokwesibonelo, ngenyanga, ukuphrinta sudo Passwd -X 30 ama-Lumic.



5. Qala ukukhombisa izaziso ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ecacisa i-sudo passwd -w 3 ama-lumic.



6. Uma ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngemuva kokuqala kwesaziso, ukhiye wokufinyelela ngeke uguqukele, vimba i-akhawunti. Kulokhu, iSudo Passwd -I-3 LUMPITITE Command inomthwalo wemfanelo.



7. Setha umkhawulo osemqoka eShift nge-Sudo Passwd -N-10 ama-Lumic.



8. Susa i-Sudo Passwd -S I-LumpicTite ukubuka amapharamitha akhona.

Njengoba ubona, esigungwini, kunenombolo enkulu yezinketho ezikuvumela ukuthi udale ukucushwa okuguquguqukayo kwendlela ebhekwayo. Sebenzisa imiyalo engenhla kuphela njengesibonelo, ukufaka esikhundleni wonke amanani okulungele wena.

Amaqembu endawo

Njengoba wazi, eLinux ngokuzenzakalela kuneqoqo lamaqembu lapho ama-akhawunti afakwa khona namalungelo athile. Onke la maqembu angenza ngokwezifiso umlawuli ngokufaka amaphasiwedi noma adale ukwahlukana okusha ngokucushwa okuhlukile. Uma unesidingo sokushintsha ukhiye wokufinyelela kweqembu, lokhu kuzodinga amalungelo e-sudo kanye ne-terminal esebenzayo.

1. Ku-Console, thayipha i-sudo gpasswd disk, lapho i-disk yigama leqembu.



2. Sesicacisile ngenhla ukuthi kuzodingeka uqinisekise ubuqiniso bempande.



3. Umugqa omusha ukhombisa imininingwane yokuthi iphasiwedi yeqembu ikhonjiswa manje. Faka.



4. Uma ngemuva kokungena kabusha konke kuhambe ngempumelelo, khona-ke azikho izaziso ezingeke zivele futhi umugqa omusha uzokhonjiswa. Ungavala ikhonsoli noma uhlole izinguquko.

Ngendlela efanayo, izinkinobho ziguqulwa ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amaqembu akhona. Sebenzisa amadokhumenti asemthethweni noma iqembu le-passwd --help ukuze ufunde ngezinketho ezingezekile lapho kusebenza lo msebenzi.

Impande

Uma ufunde yonke imiyalo edlule, ubonile ukuthi cishe yonke indawo ukuzoqinisekisa izenzo ozidingayo ukuze ufake i-Sudo noma impande ye-PASSOPT. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zikhiye ezimbili ziyefana, kusukela lapho kudala i-akhawunti yomqondisi, abasebenzisi baphawula amaphuzu akhethekile wokuhambisana. Kwesinye isikhathi kunesidingo sokushintsha iphasiwedi yezimpande noma ilahlekile. Ngokuya ngesimo samanje, uzodinga ukukhetha indlela efanele.

Indlela 1: Shintsha ngeSudo

Uma kungenzeka ukusebenzisa iphasiwedi ye-sudo ngokusebenzisa iseshini ejwayelekile yokugcina, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukhiye wokufinyelela wezimpande kumele uphumelele ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa nje ezilula.

1. Vula ikhonsoli bese ubhala lapho i-sudo edlula impande lapho. Yenza kusebenze umyalo ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi Enter.



2. Qinisekisa i-akhawunti ye-sudo.



3. Cacisa ukhiye omusha wokufinyelela ofanele bese uqinisekisa.

Indlela 2: Shintsha ngemodi yokutakula

Kwesinye isikhathi umsebenzisi akayazi ngasikhathi sinye umsuka kanye ne-sudo, eqeda amandla omkhiqizo wanoma yikuphi ukukhohlisa ngeseshini ye-terminal. Ezimweni ezinjalo, uzodinga ukuqhuba imodi yokutakula futhi usebenzise ikhonsoli enamalungelo.

1. Qala kabusha ikhompyutha ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uphawu lokuqala luvele, chofoza ku-ESC. Kumenyu evela, hambisa ngomcibisholo kwikhibhodi ukukhetha "izinketho ezithuthukile ze-Ubuntu".



2. Beka phansi inguqulo yamanje ye-kernel bese uyigijimisa "ngemodi yokutakula".



3. Lapha unentshisekelo kwintambo "iya kumhumushi womsolwa".



4. Qinisekisa ikhonsoli yokuqalisa ngokucindezela ukungena.



5. Faka umyalo wezimpande we-passwd.



6. Faka iphasiwedi entsha.



7. Bhala kwi-Console Ephumayo ukuze uyivale, bese uqhubeka nokulayisha okujwayelekile kwe-OS. Manje ukhiye wokufinyelela wezimpande ubhekwa ukuthi uguqulwe.

Namuhla ufundile ngayo yonke imingcele nemiyalo ebhekele ukushintsha zonke izinhlobo zamaphasiwedi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Linux. Sebenzisa imiyalo njengomsizi wendawo yonke kuleli cala, ubhekisa esigabeni esifanele uma kunesidingo.