Iseva yefayela ku-Linux

Imvamisa, iseva yefayela le-Linux isetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwendawo yendawo noma enye evamile ukuxhumana namakhompyutha asuselwa e-Windows. Ingafakwa ekusatshalalisweni okuzenzakalelayo, kepha lokhu akuhlali kwenzeke, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucushwa kweseva enjalo kuzoba ngcono. Namuhla sinikezela ukufunda konke ngokufaka kanye nokucushwa okuyinhloko kweseva yefayela esibonelweni sokwenza okuthile okuthandwa kakhulu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-SAMBA. Sizohlukanisa lesi siqondisi ngezinyathelo ukuze kube lula ukuzulazula kwabasebenzisi be-novice kuzo zonke ezidingekayo ukwenza izenzo.

Faka futhi ulungiselele iseva yefayela kuLinux

Yize izinto zanamuhla zizogxila ekuphathweni kokusatshalaliswa kweLinux, ungabeki kanye namafasitela, ngoba ukuqala, kuzofanela wenze amakhono okulula kakhulu kule nto ukuxhumana eqenjini. Isibonelo, sathatha isixuku seWindows 10 noMuntu. Uma usebenzisa amanye ama-OS, vele ulandele izici zokusebenzisa kwabo okungafanele zihluke kakhulu kulokho ozokubona ngokulandelayo.

Isinyathelo 1: Hlela iWindows

Lapho ulungiselela iseva yefayela le-Samba, kuzodingeka ukuthi ucacise eminye imininingwane ehlotshaniswa nohlelo lokusebenza lweWindows. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafasitela ngokwawo adinga ukuvumela ukuxhumana kwekhompyutha nge-Linux, ngoba ukuxhumana kokuqala kuzovinjwa. Zonke lezi zinqubo zenziwa ngokoqobo ngokuchofoza okuningana futhi zibukeka kanjena:

1. Vula i- "Qala" bese ugijimela kusuka "emkhunjini womyalo" lapho, ukuthola uhlelo lokusebenza ngokusesha.



2. Lapha uzodinga ukufaka umyalo wokwenza umsebenzi olula we-NET bese uqhafaza kukhiye wokungena.



3. Uhlu olubonisiwe, thola umugqa "Domain of Workstation" futhi ukhumbule inani lawo.



4. Nalapha ku-console, faka incwajana C: \ Windows \ System32 \ Abashayeli \ NJLL \ Sebawoti ukuvula ifayela Sebawoti owaziwa ngokusebenzisa standard "incwajana".



5. Lapha ekugcineni, faka umugqa 192.168.0.1 srvr1.domain.com srvr1, ungene esikhundleni sekheli lekhompyutha nge-samba, bese ugcine zonke izinguquko.

Kulomsebenzi ngamawindi kuphela. Ngemva ungabuyela kule OS ukulungisa ukufinyelela wabelane nokuphatha amafolda evulekile, kodwa kuze kube manje ayitholakali, kusukela ukucushwa kwe-iseva ifayela ye-Linux ayikahlanganiswa ekhiqizwa. Lokhu siphakamisa ukukwenza kulezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo.

Isinyathelo 2: Ukufaka i-Samba eLinux

Ake siqale ngokufakwa okuqondile kwe-Samba ku-Linux. Ukuze usebenzise lokhu sizoba yimibhalo esemthethweni, ngakho ngaphambi kokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi ukuxhumana kwe-Intanethi kusesimweni esisebenzayo. Emva kwalokho, landela imiyalo ebhalwe ngezansi.

1. Vula imenyu yohlelo lokusebenza bese uqhuba i-terminal.



2. Lapha uzodinga ukufaka i-Sudo Apt-Get Faka -Uku-Samba Samba Common Python-Glade2 Command-SAMBA Command. Inesibopho sokufaka izingxenye ezingeziwe ngeseva yefayela.



3. Qinisekisa ubuqiniso be-akhawunti ye-superuser ngokubhala iphasiwedi. Izinhlamvu ezifakiwe kule ntambo aziboniswa esikrinini, ngakho-ke akufanele ukhathazeke ngenxa yokuthi izinhlamvu noma izinombolo azibonakali.



4. Lapho-ke inqubo yokuthola nokugcina izingobo zomlando ongavuwulayo izoqala. Kungathatha imizuzu embalwa, phakathi nalokhu kusebenza kungcono ukuthi kungenzeki ezinye izinto futhi ungavali ikhonsoli. Uma kuvela umugqa omusha wokufaka, kusho ukuthi ukufakwa kuqediwe ngempumelelo.

Akudingeki ukuthi kufakwe noma yini enye, futhi iseva izokwethulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuze ukwazi ukushintshela ngokuphephile esimweni sayo, izinyathelo zethu ezilandelayo zinikezelwe.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukwakha izilungiselelo zomhlaba wonke

Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokufaka i-Samba, ngeke kube yimiphi imingcele ebhekele ukuziphatha, ngakho-ke kufanele uzifake ngokwakho, ufaka izintambo kufayela lokucushwa. Abasebenzisi abangenalwazi bangabonakala kunzima kakhulu ukufeza lo msebenzi. Sinikeza ukuthatha isifanekiso sethu, sibuyise kuphela amanani abasebenzisi.

1. Kwesinye isikhathi eminye imingcele ebalulekile efayilini lokucushwa isakhona ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngenxa yokuthi isidingo sokwenza ikhophi yokusekelayo ukuyibuyisela uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okungahleliwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokufaka i-sudo eyodwa kuphela i-MV /SMB/SMBA/SMBA/SMBA/ETC/SMBA/AD:



2. Zonke ezinye izenzo zizokwenziwa ngomhleli wombhalo. Inketho ephelele kuleli cala nguNano. Uma lolu hlelo lulahlekile ekusatshalalisweni kwakho, lingeze nge-Sudo Apt ukufaka i-nano.



3. Ngemuva kokuqhubeka kufayela lokucushwa usebenzisa i-sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf.



4. Ewindini elivula, faka imigqa engezansi.

   [Gcina]

   I-Workgroup = I-WorkGroup

   I-Server String =% H server (Samba, Ubuntu)

   Igama le-netbios = ubuntu share

   Dns proxy = cha

   Ifayela lokungena = /var/log/samba/log.UMult

   Usayizi we-Max Log = 1000

   I-Passdb Backend = TDBSAM

   Ukuvumelanisa kwephasiwedi ye-Unix = Yebo

   Uhlelo lwePasswd = / USR / BIN / PSSWWD% U

   Ukushintshwa kwephasiwedi yePam = Yebo

   Imephu ku-Guest = Umsebenzisi Omubi

   Abasebenzisi bavumela izivakashi = Yebo



5. Sebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-CTRL + o ukusindisa izinguquko.



6. Awudingi ukushintsha igama lefayela, kuzokwanela ukuze nje uchofoze inkinobho ethi Enter.



7. Lapho usuqedile, phuma umhleli wombhalo ngokuvala i-CTRL + X.

Manje ake sihlale imininingwane ngakunye kwemigqa ngayinye efakiwe ukuze ungazihlelela esikhathini esizayo:

1. I-Workgroup - ebhekele igama leqembu elisebenzayo. Sivele sayifunda emafasiteleni, futhi lapha udinga ukusetha igama elifanayo, ngoba kufanele kube okufanayo ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe.
2. Igama le-NetBIOS - lisetshenziselwa ukubonisa igama lekhompyutha yamanje kudivayisi ye-Windows. Setha inani elifanele.
3. Ifayela lokungena - licacisa indlela eya kwifayela lapho imibiko izosindiswa khona. Udinga ukudala ukungena okufanayo ukuze uhlale wazi amaphutha angenzeka nolunye ulwazi.
4. I-Passdb Backend - inquma indlela amaphasiwedi we-password. Ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba ngcono ukungashintshi futhi ushiye isimo esizenzakalelayo.
5. Ukuvumelanisa kwephasiwedi ye-Unix - Uma kusebenze, kwenza ukuvumelanisa kwephasiwedi.
6. Imephu ku-Guest - inesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngezinga lezivakashi zokufinyelela kumaphrofayili athile. Uma inani lisethelwe esimweni esibi somsebenzisi, lokhu kulungiselelwa kusetshenziswa kubasebenzisi abangatholakali, iphasiwedi embi - ngokufakwa okungalungile kwephasiwedi, futhi akukaze kwenzeke.

Eqinisweni, uSamba unamapharamitha amaningi omhlaba wonke, futhi kwenziwa isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza. Uma unentshisekelo kuzo zonke lezi zilungiselelo, sikucebisa ukuthi ubhekise kwimibhalo esemthethweni ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngemininingwane eminingi ngabo, ngoba lonke ulwazi aluhambelani nalo mbhalo, futhi hhayi bonke abahlobana nesihloko sanamuhla.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukwakha ifolda yomphakathi

Cishe wonke amaqembu wabasebenzisi asebenzisa iseva yefayela, kubalulekile ukuba nefolda yomphakathi ongayifinyelela ngaphandle kokugunyazwa kwangaphambili. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umkhombandlela onjalo awukho, ngakho-ke siphakamisa ukuzoyakha ngokwakho, okwenziwa ngokoqobo emizuzwini embalwa.

1. Gijimisa i-terminal bese ufaka i-sudo mkdir -P / Samba / AlacAccess lapho ukudala ifolda entsha. Igama lakhe ungashintsha kunoma iyiphi intofontofo.



2. Lesi senzo senziwa ngengxabano ye-sudo, okusho ukuthi kufanele ufake iphasiwedi ukuze uqinisekise i-akhawunti.



3. Ngemuva kwekuqhubeka nokusetha ukufinyelela okwabiwe kwabekiwe. Okokuqala, sithuthela empandeni ye-samba nge-CD / Samba.



4. Faka manje i-Sudo Chmod -R 0755 WALACPETS Command bese uqhafaza ku-ENTER.



5. Uzodinga ukucacisa enye i-Sudo Chrown -R Anory Option: I-Nogroup AlacAccess /, ebhekele ukuhlinzeka ukufinyelela kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti.



6. Kusele ukwenza lonke ushintsho kufayela lokucushwa. Yigijime ngomhleli wombhalo usebenzisa i-Team Team evamile evamile sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf.



7. Lapha faka ibhlokhi echazwe ngezansi okunesibopho sencazelo yemithetho yokuziphatha yeseva. Sizokhuluma futhi kungekudala ngencazelo yomugqa ngamunye.

   I-AlacAccess]

   Indlela = / samba / aracAccess

   Ukuphehla = Yebo.

   Abhaliwe = yebo.

   Isimenywa Ok = Yebo

   funda kuphela = cha



8. Gcina izinguquko bese uvala umhleli wombhalo usebenzisa ama-hotkeys aqokiwe.



9. Qala kabusha iseva nge-Sudo Systemctl restart samba ukuze izilungiselelo zamanje zingenele amandla.

Ihlola ukufinyelela kwisikhombi esidaliwe kuWindows senziwa ngokushintshela ku \\ srvr1 \ alala. Manje, ngesibonelo esifanayo, esasihola esigabeni esedlule, sihlaziya inani lepharamitha ngalinye elifakiwe:

• Indlela. Njengoba ubona kusuka kunani, indlela eya esikhwameni somphakathi esidaliwe ichaziwe lapha.
• BENZA. Le pharamitha inesibopho sokubonisa umkhombandlela ohlwini oluvunyelwe.
• Abhaliwe. Maka inani lika-yebo uma ufuna ukukuvumela ukudala okufakiwe kule folda.
• Isimenywa Ok. Le ntambo ibhekele izivakashi.
• Funda kuphela. Uma uyazi ukuhunyushwa kwale ntsholo, usuvele uyazi ukuthi kwenzekani uma wenza kusebenze ipharamitha. Inesibopho semfanelo efundwayo kuphela yesikhombi esibekiwe.

Isinyathelo 5: Ukwakha ifolda yomphakathi evikelekile

Njengesigaba sokugcina sendatshana yethu yanamuhla, sanquma ukuthatha isibonelo sokwenza isiqondisi esivikelekile sokufinyelela okwabiwe. Esinyathelweni esedlule, sekuchazwe ngokuthi amafolda angaziwa adalwe kanjani, kepha ukungathandeki kwawo kungekho sivikelo, ngakho-ke ezimweni eziningi, abasebenzisi bakhetha ukusebenza ngezikhombisi eziphephile, futhi indalo yabo yenziwa kanjena:

1. Dala umkhombandlela ngomgomo ofanayo ngeSudo Mkdir -P / Samba / Walaccess / evikelwe.



2. Njengoba ungacabanga, lesi senzo kufanele futhi siqinisekiswe ngokufaka iphasiwedi ye-superuser.



3. Emva kwalokho, dala iqembu lapho abasebenzisi abavunyelwe bazofakwa khona ngokubhala i-Sudo AddGroup Experoup ExperiedGroup.



4. Zulazulela endaweni yesikhombimi esivikelekile, ecacisa i-CD / Samba / AlacAccess.



5. Lapha, chaza amalungelo abasebenzisi ngokubhala i-Sudo Chrown -r Richard: I-SecuredGroudGroud evikelekile. Faka esikhundleni iRichard igama le-akhawunti oyifunayo.



6. Ithimba lesibili lezokuphepha libukeka kanjena: I-Sudo Chmod -R 0770 ivikelwe /.



7. Hambisa kusihleli sombhalo ngokuvula ifayela lokucushwa lapho futhi ubhala umyalo ojwayelekile we-sudo nano /sc/samba/smb.conf.



8. Faka ibhulokhi echazwe ngezansi bese ugcine izinguquko.

   [Kuvikelwe]

   Indlela = / samba / armaccess / evikelwe

   Abasebenzisi abavumelekile = @SecececeGroup

   Isimenywa Ok = Cha

   Abhaliwe = yebo.

   Ukuphehla = Yebo.



9. Faka umsebenzisi ku-Sudo Usermod -A -G SecuredGroup Richard evikelwe ivikelwe. Uma i-akhawunti ebekiwe ingekho, uzothola isaziso esifanele.



10. Dala iphasiwedi ezoba nesibopho sokuvula ukufinyelela nge-sudo smbpasswd -A Richard.



11. Faka ukhiye wezokuphepha kwintambo entsha, bese uyiqinisekisa.

Ngemuva kokwenza zonke izinguquko, ungakhohlwa ukuqalisa kabusha iseva ukuze bonke basebenze. Ngendlela efanayo, ungakha inani elingenamkhawulo lamafolda omphakathi avikelwe ngokulungisa amapharamitha athile kubo.

Namuhla sibhekane neseva yefayela le-Linux esibonelweni sencwadi yokucushwa yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo nge-samba. Manje unganquma ukuthi uhlelo olunjalo lufanelekile ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okujwayelekile noma ukwenza umqondo ukuthola elinye ithuluzi elikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezilungiselelo ezifanele ngokwengeziwe.