Okufanele ukwenze uma ubuntu alibhuki

Bheka ukulanda ilogo

Uma uhlelo olusebenzayo luyekile ukulayishwa, okokuqala, kufanele kutholakale imbangela yamaphutha. Ngeshwa, kuvela hhayi njalo, kepha kusakufanele ukuzama ukubheka i-log yokulanda ukuthola izinkinga ezingaba khona. Sincoma ukwenza umsebenzi ngaphambi kokushintshwa okuqondile ekuhlaziyweni kwezindlela ezilandelayo.

1. Qala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho bese ucindezela ngokushesha i-F8 noma u-ESC ukuze uvule amapharamitha wokuqalisa. Uma ukusatshalaliswa okuningi kufakwe kwi-PC, noma, ngokwesibonelo, amawindi ayi-10, ungamane ulinde ukuthi advent of the grub loader. Lapha unentshisekelo kulayini "amapharamitha athuthukile we-Ubuntu". Namuhla sithatha isibonelo se-Ubuntu, futhi uma i-OS esetshenzisiwe yehluka ngokushiwo, kubalulekile ukubheka izici zokwethulwa kwayo, isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza kanye nomehluko kwi-syntax yemiyalo, evame kakhulu ukuthi ayibalulekile futhi uqondanise ngokugcwele okulandelayo.



2. Okulandelayo udinga ukuthola intambo eyisisekelo "ngemodi yokutakula" ebonakalayo. Sebenzisa imicibisholo kwikhibhodi ukuhambisa phakathi kwezinto, bese ucindezela u-ENTER ukuze usebenze.



3. Kumenyu yokuthola kabusha, gijimisa umugqa womyalo kwimodi yezimpande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, mane ukhethe intambo efanele bese uqhafaza ku-ENTER.



4. Okunye ukucindezela ku-ENTER kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokwethulwa komhumushi womyalo.



5. Sebenzisa umyalo we-payrctctctct -XB ukubuka irekhodi lamarekhodi.



6. Phakathi kwayo yonke imigqa, thola izaziso zephutha. Ngokuzayo, imininingwane enikeziwe lapho kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuthola ikhambi elifanele.



7. Ngokwengeziwe, ungafaka ikati /var/log/boot.log. Ngenxa yalokhu, uzobona imilayezo eboniswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu yokusebenza. Lo myalo uwusizo kubo bonke kubasebenzisi lapho unikeza amandla ikhompyutha ibheka nje isikrini esimnyama. Imiyalezo efanele nayo izobe ilungele ngesikhathi sokucinga ukulungiswa.



8. Isisetshenziswa sokugcina siqala nge-DMESG futhi sibonisa izingodo ze-kernel. Akuphumelela kangako njengoba kuboniswe bobabili ngaphambili, kepha kungasiza lapho kutholakala izinkinga zomhlaba wonke.

Manje, ukucindezela imininingwane etholakele, ungathuthela ekuxazululeni izinkinga. Okulandelayo, siphakamisa ukuthi sihlole izindlela ezivame kakhulu ezilungile amaphutha athandwayo. Ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko, nakanjani sizocabanga ngezeluleko zalabo abangakwazi ukuthola isixazululo futhi okuvela kuye ubuntu.

Indlela 1: Ukuhlola isikhala samahhala

Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kwenketho yokuqala kuyadingeka ukukhokha abasebenzisi abahlangabezane nezinkinga zokulayisha uhlelo lokusebenza ngemuva kokufaka izibuyekezo noma noma yiziphi izinhlelo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ubuntu buzwela kakhulu lapho uya khona ezindaweni zokugcina indawo, ngakho-ke kungenqaba ukuqala uma kungaphansi kwama-gigabyte angaphansi kwe-2. Ngaphambi kokususa amafayela, udinga ukubheka lo mbono, bese wenza isikhala sokuhlanza.

1. Okokuqala uzodinga ukuqopha i-OS kwi-USB Flash Drayivu, udale i-Livecd. Kulesi sithombe nokulanda kuzokwenzeka. Imiyalo enemininingwane kulesi sihloko esibonelweni nge-Ubuntu ingatholwa ngokuchofoza kusixhumanisi esingezansi.

Download Ubuntu nge Livecd

2. Ngemuva kokuqalisa i-Livecd, khetha imodi yokubuka ngohlelo, phambilini ochaza ulimi oluphelele lwe-interface.



3. Gijimani i- "terminal" elula kuwe, ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa ukhiye oshisayo we-CTRL + ALT + T noma isithonjana kwimenyu yohlelo lokusebenza.



4. Sebenzisa umyalo we-DF -h ukukhombisa uhlu lwama-disc ngolwazi mayelana nendawo ematasa futhi yamahhala.



5. Bheka imigqa etholwe ukunquma ukuthi ngabe indawo esesithwaleni iyaphela.



6. Uma inkinga iqukethe ngempela esikhaleni esiphelayo, khumbula uhlelo lwefayela ukuze ufunde futhi ubhale imodi, ecacisela i-Mount -OM Ngemuva kwalokho, ungahambisa ukususa amafayela, izinhlelo noma izinkomba ezingenasidingo. Sebenzisa imiyalo engezansi ukubhekana nemigomo yokwenza lo msebenzi.

Funda kabanzi:

Dala futhi ususe amafayela eLinux

Ukususa izinkomba ku-Linux

Ukususa amaphakheji eLinux

Indlela 2: Ukulungiswa kwephakeji

Njengoba wazi, amaphakheji e-Ubuntu, izingxenye eziphambili ezibhekele ukwethulwa kwezinsiza nezinhlelo, kufaka phakathi izinto zohlelo. Uma kukhona ukuqhekeka okuthile ngamafayela abalulekile e-batch, kungenzeka ukuthi i-OS ngeke iqale. Lungisa lesi simo ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Ku-console, bhala i-DPKG --Configure -A bese uqhafaza ku-ENTER.



2. Lindela ukuskena nokuxazulula inkinga. Ngokwengeziwe, udinga ukufaka umyalo we-Sudo Apt-FF.



3. Ngemuva kwalokho kunconywa ukubheka konke ukubuyekeza futhi uwafake nge-Sudo Apt Vuselela & & Sudo Apt Ngokugcwele.



4. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuba ube nokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi okusebenzayo ukuze zonke izingxenye zilayishwe ngempumelelo.

Ihlala kuphela ukuqala kabusha uhlelo kwimodi ejwayelekile, ukubeka phambili uphawu lwe-flash drive nge-livecd ukubheka ukusebenza kwale ndlela. Uma i-OS iqale ngempumelelo futhi umnyango wawuphasise ngokujwayelekile, kusho ukuthi le nkinga ixazululwe futhi ingadluliselwa ekuxhumaneni okujwayelekile nobuntu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iya kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo.

Indlela 3: Ihlola uhlelo lwefayela

Kwesinye isikhathi inkinga ebhekwayo ihlobene nomonakalo ohlelweni lwefayela. Bangase bangasho lutho, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli ekuvimbeleni ukulayishwa okulungile kwe-OS. Uma usuthole umlayezo ukwazisa izinkinga ze-FS lapho ubuka izingodo zomcimbi, kufanele wenze lezo zenzo:

1. Kumodi ye-Livecd ngokusebenzisa ikhonsoli, i-FSCK -I / Dev / SDA1 Command, lapho / i-DEV / SDA1 ivolumu edingekayo.



2. Qinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwesikena, ngokumane uchofoze inkinobho ethi Enter.



3. Uzokwaziswa ukuthi ukuqinisekiswa kuqediwe ngempumelelo, futhi amaphutha atholakele ayalungiswa.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ungathuthela e-OS Boot kumodi ejwayelekile bese ubheka ukuthi imiphumela efanele iyalethwa yini.

Indlela 4: Ukususa Abashayeli be-Graphics Abangahambisani

Kwesinye isikhathi umshayeli owakhelwe ngaphakathi wokulanda abashayeli ukufaka angahambisani ne-software ye-Hardware noma lokhu kungenziwa ngesandla, ufuna ukwandisa ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo. Uma inkinga ihlotshaniswa nalawa mafayili, kuzoboniswa isikrini esimnyama ngesikhathi se-OS boot, kanye nokulungiswa okuphelele kwalesi simo ukuqeda ukususwa kwabashayeli bezinkinga.

1. Abanikazi bama-adaptha avela ku-NVIDIA kwimodi ebukhoma kufanele bafake i-Apt Purge Nvidia * bese uqhafaza ku-Enter.



2. Ngemuva kokuthi kukhona isaziso sokuthi wonke amaphakheji ahambisana nomenzi wekhadi levidiyo asusiwe.



3. Abanikazi bamakhadi wevidiyo be-AMD badinga ukuguqulwa okuqukethwe yintambo e-Apt Pgle FGLRX *

Indlela 5: Shintsha ifayela / njll / FSTAB (kwabasebenzisi abanolwazi)

Le ndlela ingcono ukusebenzisa kuphela abasebenzisi asevele bathola isidingo sokuhlela amafayela wokucushwa futhi bazi kahle ukuthi yini okufanele bayenze uma kunezinkinga ukwephulwa kobuqotho bokufakwa kwezigaba. Uma ilogi yokulanda ibonisa umyalezo "Ukuncika kwehlulekile / dev / disk / by-uuid / f4d5ddc4-9a55-970a85f49bc5", ungaphetha kulokhu ukuthi enye yezinhlelo zefayela ayifakwanga. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungenxa yokungena okungalungile esikhungweni sokucushwa. Lungisa lokhu ngokubheka okuqukethwe yifayela / njll / FSTAB. Iqala nge-livecd isebenzisa i-VI noma umhleli we-nano. Faka esikhundleni izingxenye ezivinjelwe ngokungafanele ze-hard disk uma zitholwe.

Indlela 6: Ukuvuselelwa kweLab Loader

I-Grub yi-bootloader ebhekele ukwethulwa okulungile kwanoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux. Ukwehlukana kwalo kungavusa ukufakwa kohlelo lwesibili lokusebenza noma kuphazamise ubuqotho bamafayela athile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isikrini sivele ngokushesha sabona ukuthi i-grub ayikwazi ukwenza kusebenze igobolondo. Esizeni sethu kukhona incwadi ehlukile yokululama kwayo, lapho kunikezwa izindlela ezimbalwa zokusebenza. Ungakhetha okuhle kakhulu bese ulandela imiyalo.

Funda kabanzi: Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Grub ku-Ubuntu

Kulokhu sizoqeda ukuhlaziywa kwezindlela eziphambili zokuxazulula izinkinga ngokulanda ubuntu. Uma kulokhu kudonswa ungasitholi isixazululo esifanele, kepha ngasikhathi sinye unemiphumela yokukhipha umagazini, esasikhuluma ngaso ekuqaleni, kufanele ufune usizo kumadokhumenti asemthethweni okusatshalaliswa noma owaziwayo Amaforamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungashiya amazwana ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko, echaza inkinga yawo ngokuningiliziwe, futhi sizozama ukunika isisombululo ngokushesha okukhulu.