Abasebenzisi abaningi be-Excel ababoni umehluko phakathi kwemiqondo ye- "cell format" kanye "nohlobo lwedatha". Eqinisweni, lokhu akukude nemiqondo efanayo, noma kunjalo, ukuxhumana. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini ingqikithi yezinhlobo zedatha, iziphi izigaba ahlukaniswe ngazo, nokuthi zisebenza kanjani nazo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zedatha
Uhlobo lwedatha luyisimo semininingwane egcinwe ephepheni. Ngokusekelwe kulesi simo, uhlelo lunquma ukuthi ungasingatha kanjani lokhu noma lelo nani.Izinhlobo zedatha zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: ama-constant kanye namafomula. Umehluko phakathi kwazo ukuthi amafomula aboniswa esitokisini, esingahluka ngokuya ngokuthi izingxabano kwamanye amaseli zizoshintsha kanjani. Ama-constant anamanani aqhubekayo angashintshi.
Futhi, ama-constant ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amahlanu:
- Umbhalo;
- Idatha yezinombolo;
- Usuku nesikhathi;
- Idatha enengqondo;
- Amanani ayiphutha.
Sithola ukuthi yini ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zedatha imelela kakhulu.
Isifundo: Ungashintsha kanjani ifomethi yeseli ku-Excel
Amanani Wemibhalo
Uhlobo lombhalo luqukethe idatha engokomfanekiso futhi alubhekwa njengento excel njengento yokubala. Lolu lwazi ngokuyinhloko lomsebenzisi, hhayi uhlelo. Umbhalo ungaba noma yiziphi izinhlamvu, kufaka phakathi izinombolo uma zihlelwa ngendlela efanele. Ngolimi lwe-DAX, lolu hlobo lwedatha lubhekisela kumanani aphansi aphansi. Ubude bombhalo obuphezulu buyizinhlamvu ezingama-268445456 esitokisini esisodwa.
Ukufaka inkulumo yomlingiswa, udinga ukugqamisa iseli yombhalo noma ifomethi eyabiwe lapho izogcinwa khona, bese ishayela umbhalo kusuka kukhibhodi. Uma ubude begama lombhalo budlula lemingcele ebonakalayo yeseli, kubhekwe phezulu ngaphezulu kweseduzane, yize kuqhubeka ngokomzimba ukugcinwa esitokisini sokuqala.
Idatha yezinombolo
Idatha yezinombolo isetshenziselwa ukukhokha okuqondile. Kunabo ukuthi i-Excel yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezibalo (ukwengeza, ukususa, ukuphindaphinda, ukuhlukaniswa, ukwakhiwa kwempande, njll.). Lolu hlobo lwedatha luhloselwe ukuqopha izinombolo, kepha lungaqukatha nezinhlamvu ezisizayo (%, $ et al.). Ngokuphathelene nalo, ungasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zamafomethi:
- Empeleni izinombolo;
- Amaphesenti;
- Imali;
- Kwezezimali;
- Ingxaka;
- I-Exponential.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Excel inethuba lokuhlukanisa izinombolo zokukhishwa, futhi inqume inani lezinombolo ngemuva kwekhefana (ngezinombolo ezihlangene).
Ukungena kwidatha yezinombolo kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nasezindaweni zombhalo esixoxe ngazo ngenhla.
Usuku nesikhathi
Olunye uhlobo lwedatha yifomethi yesikhathi nosuku. Lokhu kunjalo impela lapho izinhlobo zedatha namafomethi zihambisana. Kubonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi ngayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhombe eshidini kanye nokubalwa kwezibalo ngezinsuku nesikhathi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho kubalwa lolu hlobo lwedatha kuthatha usuku ngeyunithi ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akusebenzi kuphela izinsuku, kodwa futhi nesikhathi. Isibonelo, i-12: 30 icatshangelwa uhlelo, njengezinsuku ezingama-0.52083, futhi isivele ikhonjisiwe esitokisini ngendlela evamile.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokufomatha isikhathi:
- H: MM: SS;
- h: mm;
- h: mm: ss am / pm;
- h: mm am / pm, njll.
Isimo siyefana nezinsuku:
- Dd.mm.yyyy;
- Dd.mmm
- Mmm.gg nabanye.
Kunezinsuku ezihlangene nezinsuku ezihlanganisiwe, njenge-DD: mm: GGYG H: MM.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukubheka ukuthi uhlelo lubonisa njengezinsuku kuphela amanani aqala kusuka ku-01/01/1100.
Isifundo: Ungayihumusha Kanjani Iwashi ngemizuzu yokuya phambili
Idatha enengqondo
Kuyathakazelisa impela uhlobo lwedatha enengqondo. Isebenza ngamanani amabili kuphela: "iqiniso" kanye "namanga". Uma unwebeka, lokhu kusho "umcimbi usufikile" futhi "umcimbi awuhlulekile." Imisebenzi, icubungula okuqukethwe kwamaseli aqukethe idatha enengqondo, akhiqize ukubala okuthile.
Amanani Ephutha
Uhlobo lwedatha oluhlukile ngamanani ayiphutha. Ezimweni eziningi, zivela lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi ongalungile. Isibonelo, imisebenzi enjalo engalungile ibhekisa ku-zero noma ukwethulwa komsebenzi ngaphandle kokuhambisana ne-syntax yayo. Phakathi kwamanani ayiphutha okulandelayo:
- # Kusho! - Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile lwempikiswano lomsebenzi;
- #Abhizinisi! - Ukwahlukaniswa ngo-0;
- #Tumber! - Idatha yezinombolo engalungile;
- # N / d - okushiwo yincazelo engafinyeleleki;
- #Name? - Igama lephutha kwifomula;
- # Kungenalutho! - Ukwethulwa okungalungile kwamakheli amabanga;
- #Link! - Kwenzeka lapho amaseli esuswa, eyayibhekise efomula.
Uhlobo
Iqembu elikhulu elihlukile lezinhlobo zedatha amafomula. Ngokungafani nama-contants, bona, ikakhulukazi, ababonakali kumaseli, kepha bathola kuphela umphumela ongahlukahluka, ngokuya ngoshintsho lwezingxabano. Ikakhulu, amafomula asetshenziswa ekubaleni okuhlukahlukene kwezibalo. Ifomula ngokwalo ingabonakala entanjeni yefomula, iqokomisa iseli lapho etholakala khona.
Isimo esigunyaziwe sohlelo ukubona inkulumo, njengefomula, ukuba khona kwesibonakaliso kuye kulingana (=).
Amafomula angaqukatha ama-celvs kwamanye amaseli, kepha lesi akusona isidingo.
Uhlobo oluhlukile lwamafomula yimisebenzi. Lokhu kungama-subroutines ayingqayizivele aqukethe iqoqo lezimpikiswano futhi zizicubungule ngokuya nge-algorithm ethile. Imisebenzi ingahanjiswa ngesandla esitokisini, ibeka uphawu lwangaphambi "=", futhi lungasetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso ezikhethekile zemisebenzi yemisebenzi, equkethe lonke uhlu lwabahlinzeki olutholakala ohlelweni, ihlukaniswe izigaba.
Usebenzisa imisebenzi wizard, ungenza uguquko kuwindi lokuphikisana lomsebenzi othize. Izinkambu zalo zethulwa noma zixhumanisa amaseli lapho le datha itholakala khona. Ngemuva kokucindezela inkinobho "KULUNGILE", umsebenzi onikeziwe wenziwa.
Isifundo: Sebenza ngamafomula ku-Excel
Isifundo: Imisebenzi yeWizard ku-Excel
Njengoba ubona, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zedatha eziphambili zedatha ku-Excel: ama-Constants kanye namafomula. Bona-ke, bahlukaniswe ezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Uhlobo ngalunye lwedatha lunezakhiwo zalo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi lolu hlelo luzicubungula. Ukukwazisa amandla okubona nokusebenza kahle nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zedatha umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wanoma yimuphi umsebenzisi ofisa ukufunda ngempumelelo i-Excel ngenhloso yawo okuhlosiwe.