Ngomfanekiso we-windows, i-linux ineseti ethile yemiyalelo yeyona isebenzayo kwaye ikhawuleza kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Kodwa ukuba kwimeko yokuqala siyibiza ngokuba sisebenze okanye senze isenzo kwi-"yokuyalela umgca" (i-CMD), emva koko kwinkqubo yesibini yesenzo yenziwa kwi-emulator. Ngapha koko, "i-terminal" kunye "nomgca wokuyalela" yinto efanayo.
Uluhlu lwamaqela kwi "terminal" linux
Ukuze abo baqala ukuqhelana nomgca weenkqubo zokusebenza kwentsapho yeLinux, masibone irejista yemiyalelo ebaluleke kakhulu ayifunayo. Qaphela ukuba izixhobo kunye nezinto ezingabalulekanga ezibangelwa "kwi-terminal" zifakwe ngaphambili kuzo zonke izinto zeLinux kwaye azidingi zilayishwe ngaphambili.Ulawulo lwefayile
Kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza, ayikho ngaphandle kokusebenzisana neefomati ezahlukeneyo zefayile. Uninzi lwabasebenzisi lusetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa umphathi wefayile ngezi njongo, ezineqokobhe legraphics. Kodwa yonke imigudu enye, kunye noluhlu lwabo, unokuchitha usebenzisa amaqela akhethekileyo.
- I-LS-ikuvumela ukuba ujonge imixholo yesalathiso esisebenzayo. Inokhetho ezimbini: -L-Ibonisa umxholo njengoluhlu olunenkcazo, -E-ibonisa iifayile ezifihlakele yinkqubo.
- Ikati-ibonisa imixholo yefayile ekhankanyiweyo. Ukuze kusetyenziswe imigca, ukhetho lwe-An -N lusetyenziswa.
- I-CD-isetyenziselwa ukufudukela kulawulo olusebenzayo kwicandelo elinye elichaziweyo. Xa uqala, ngaphandle kokhetho olongezelelekileyo, iphinde isebenze kwingcambu.
- I-PWD-isebenze ukufumanisa ulawulo lwangoku.
- I-MKDIR-Yenza ifolda entsha kulawulo lwangoku.
- Ifayile-ibonisa ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nefayile.
- I-CP-kuyimfuneko ukukopa ifolda okanye ifayile. Xa uyongeza inketho, ijika ikhuphe ukukopa. Inketho-igcina iimpawu zoxwebhu ukongeza khetho lwangaphambili.
- I-MV-isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa okanye ukuphinda unikwe igama kwakhona / ifayile.
- I-RM-isusa ifayile okanye ifolda. Xa isetyenziswa ngaphandle kokhetho, ukususwa kwenzeka ngokusisigxina. Ukuya kwibhasikithi, faka ukhetho.
- Ln - Yenza ikhonkco kwifayile.
- Chmod-tshintsha amalungelo (Ukufunda, ukurekhoda, utshintsho ...). Inokwenziwa ngokwahlukeneyo kumsebenzisi ngamnye.
- I-Chown-ikuvumela ukuba utshintshe umniniyo. Ifumaneka kuphela kwi-superuser (umlawuli).
- Fumana-yenzelwe ukukhangela iifayile kwinkqubo. Ngokungafaniyo nomyalelo wokufumana, ukukhangela kuyenziwa kwi-reddble.
- I-DD-iyasebenza xa kusenziwa iikopi zeefayile kunye nokuguqulwa kwabo.
- Fumana-Ukukhangela amaxwebhu kunye neefolda kwinkqubo. Inokukhetha iindlela ezininzi onokuziguqula ngazo iiparameter.
- Intaba-mOunuan-isetyenziselwa ukusebenza neenkqubo zefayile. Ngoncedo lwayo, inkqubo inokucinyiwe kwaye iqhagamshelwe. Ukusebenzisa kufuneka ufumane amalungelo eengcambu.
- I-DU-ibonisa umzekelo weefayile / iifolda. Inketho-yenza ukuguqulwa kwifomathi efundekayo, -S-ibonisa idatha efinyeziweyo, kwaye -D-ibeka ubunzulu bokuphinda kubunzulu kwiikhathalogu.
- I-DF-Vavanya indawo yediski, ikuvumela ukuba ufumanise ubungakanani bendawo eseleyo neyayigcwalisa. Inokukhetha ezininzi ezikuvumela ukuba ulungise idatha efunyenweyo.
Qaphela: Ukufumana amalungelo e-superuser (amalungelo eengcambu), kufuneka ufake "uSudo su" ngaphambi kokuphumeza umyalelo (ngaphandle kokucaphula).
Sebenza ngesicatshulwa
Ukungena kwimiyalelo kwitheminali enxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo neefayile, kungekudala kuya kufuneka wenze i-udas kuzo. Le miyalelo ilandelayo isetyenziselwa ukusebenza namaxwebhu emibuzo:
- Okungakumbi - kukuvumela ukuba ujonge isicatshulwa esingafakwa kwindawo yentsimi yomsebenzi. Ukungabikho kokuskrola kwe-terminal, kwasetyenziswa umsebenzi omncinci ngakumbi.
- I-GEP-ikhangela isicatshulwa kwitemplate.
- Intloko, umsila - iqela lokuqala linoxanduva lokuphuma kwemiqolo yokuqala yokuqala yokuqala koxwebhu (cap), owesibini -
Ibonisa imigca yakutshanje kuxwebhu. Ngokuzenzekelayo, imigca eli-10 iyaboniswa. Ungayitshintsha inani labo usebenzisa umsebenzi we-thework kunye ne--f.
- Hlela-isetyenziselwa ukuhlela imigca. Ukusetyenziswa kwenani, ukhetho-nisetyenziswa, ukuhlelwa ukusuka phezulu kuye ezantsi - -R.
- Dires-Thelekisa kwaye ubonakalisa umahluko kwixwebhu lesicatshulwa (umgca).
- I-WC-ithathela ingqalelo amagama, imigca, i-Byte kunye neesimboli.
Ulawulo lwenkqubo
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwi-OS yeseshoni ivuselela imbonakalo yesininzi iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ezikwaziyo ukwenza intsebenzo kwinyani yokuba ingakhuseleki.
Le meko inokulungiswa ngokulula, igcwalise iinkqubo ezingafunekiyo. Le miyalelo ilandelayo isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yeLinux yeli njongo:
- I-PS, i-PGREP-Umyalelo wokuqala ubonakalisa lonke ulwazi malunga neenkqubo ezisebenzayo zenkqubo ("-e"
- Bulala-ugqibezela inkqubo ye-PID.
- I-Xkill-ngokunqakraza kwi-Window ye-Window-
Uyigqibe.
- I-PKIL-igqibezela inkqubo ngegama lakhe.
- UKillall ugqibezela zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo.
- Phezulu, i-HTTP-inoxanduva lokubonisa iinkqubo kwaye isebenze njengeNkcazo yeNkqubo. I-HTTP ithandwa kakhulu namhlanje.
- Ixesha-Ibonisa "i-terminal" ye-screen ye-Screen kwixesha lenkqubo yokusenziwa.
Imeko yomsebenzisi
Amaqela abalulekileyo abandakanya kuphela abo bakuvumela ukuba unxibelelane nezinto zenkqubo, kodwa wenze imisebenzi engaphezulu efakelayo ekwenzeni lula xa usebenza kwikhompyuter.
- Umhla - Ibonisa umhla kunye nexesha kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo (iiyure ezili-12, iiyure ezingama-24), kuxhomekeke ekukhetheni.
- I-ALIAS-ikuvumela ukuba unciphise umyalelo okanye uyile isinxibelelanisi, yenza enye okanye intambo kwimiyalelo emininzi.
- Ame-Ame-ubonelela ngolwazi malunga negama lokusebenzela lenkqubo.
- USudo, uSudo su - Okokuqala buqala iinkqubo egameni lomnye wabasebenzisi benkqubo yokusebenza. Okwesibini-egameni le-superuser.
- Lala-uguqula ikhompyuter kwimodi yokulala.
- I-Shutdown-icima ikhompyuter kwangoko, ukhetho oluvumela ukuba ucime ikhompyuter ngexesha elimiselwe kwangaphambili.
- Qalisa kwakhona-qalisa ikhompyuter. Ungachaza ixesha elithile lokuqalisa usebenzisa ukhetho olukhethekileyo.
Ulawulo loMsebenzisi
Xa kwakungekho mntu usebenza kwikhompyuter enye, kodwa bambalwa, emva koko olona khetho lubalaseleyo luya kwenza abasebenzisi abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi imiyalelo yokunxibelelana nayo nganye nganye.
- I-Stradrad, i-SEBDDEL, i-Applormod-Yongeza, Cima i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi, ngokulandelelana.
- Passwd-ukhonza ukutshintsha iphasiwedi. Qalisa egameni le-sudo (sudo su ekuqaleni komyalelo) kukuvumela ukuba usete kwakhona iiphasiwedi kuzo zonke iiakhawunti.
Jonga amaxwebhu
Akukho msebenzisi uyakwazi ukukhumbula ixabiso layo yonke imiyalelo kwinkqubo okanye kwindawo zonke iifayile zenkqubo ephumezayo, kodwa imiyalelo emithathu enokulibaleka ngokulula inokuza kuhlangulo:
- I-What-ibonisa indlela yeefayile eziphumezayo.
- Indoda-ibonisa uncedo okanye incwadana yemigaqo yomyalelo, isetyenziswa kwimiyalelo kunye namaphepha egama elinye.
- I-Onalogue ingentla komyalelo obonisiweyo, nangona kunjalo, oku kusetyenziselwa ukubonisa icandelo elikhoyo lesiqinisekiso.
Ulawulo lwenethiwekhi
Ukuseta i-Intanethi kwaye kwixesha elizayo yenza ngempumelelo uhlengahlengiso kuso useto lonxibelelwano, kufuneka wazi ubuncinci ubuncinci ngale nto.
- I-IP - Ukuseta kwenkqubo yenethiwekhi, jonga i-IP ye-IP ye-IP. Xa usongeza uphawu -show lubonisa izinto zeentlobo ezichaziweyo njengoluhlu, ulwazi lwereferensi luboniswa ngophawu lwe-ALIPPP.
- I-ping-i-disalostics exhuma kwimithombo yenethiwekhi (i-router, i-router, imodem, njl njl). Inika ingxelo ngolwazi malunga nomgangatho wonxibelelwano.
- I-Nethogs-Ukubonelela ngedatha kumsebenzisi malunga nokuhamba kweemoto. I-Atporby -i ichaza ujongano lwenethiwekhi.
- I-tracerout yi-analogue yomyalelo we-ping, kodwa kwifom ephuculweyo. Ibonisa isantya sepakethi yedatha yedatha nganye kwezi ndawo kwaye ibonelela ngolwazi olupheleleyo malunga nendlela yePacket epheleleyo yePacket.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukwazi yonke le miyalelo ingentla, kwane-Newbie, ofake inkqubo esekwe kwiLinux, iya kukwazi ukunxibelelana nayo ngokugqibeleleyo, isombulule ngempumelelo imisebenzi esekwe. Ekuqaleni, kusenokubonakala ngathi uluhlu oluninzi kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, ngokulisekwa komyalelo rhoqo, enye, ii-mais ziya kuqhubeka ngememori, kunye nokunxibelelana nemiyalelo engeniswe ngathi ayiyi kudingeka.