Ubumbeko lwe-Dedian emva kofakelo

I-Debian ayiqhayisi ngentsebenzo yabo kwangoko emva kofakelo. Le yinkqubo yokusebenza omele uyimise kuqala, kwaye kweli nqaku iya kuxelelwa ukuba ikwenze njani.

Emva kokuba ikhompyuter iqala kwakhona, inkqubo iya kuba sele ihlaziyiwe, ke ungaya kwinyathelo elilandelayo.

Emva koko, le nkqubo iya kukwenza ukuba uhlaziye zonke iinkcukacha ezikhoyo zolwazi-cofa iqhosha u "Hlaziya", emva koko uya kulinda inkqubo yokuphela kwaye uqhubeke ukwenza inyathelo elilandelayo.

Indawo yokukhwelela

Ukuba ngesizathu esithile awunakukwazi ukuqwalasela ukusebenzisa isoftware kunye nenkqubo ehlaziyiweyo, umsebenzi ofanayo unokwenziwa kwisiphelo sendlela. Nantsi into ekufuneka yenziwe:

Vula ifayile apho uluhlu lwazo zonke iindawo ezihlala khona. Ukwenza oku, eli nqaku liza kusebenzisa umhleli weGediet umhleli, ungangena kumyalelo kwindawo efanelekileyo.
Sudo gedit /etc/apt/sopces.List.
Kumhleli ovula, wongeza "owona", "bhinqwa" kunye "nezixhobo" zasimahla kuyo yonke imigca.
Cofa iqhosha le-Gcina.
Vala umhleli.

Emva kwezenzo, vala iwindow yenkqubo ngokunika imvume yokuhlaziya idatha.

Indawo yokukhwelela

Kwi "terminal" ukongeza indawo yokugcina i-backports, kufuneka ufake idatha kwifayile "yoovimba. Yale:

Vula ifayile oyifunayo:
Sudo gedit /etc/apt/sopces.List.
Kuyo, setha isikhombisi ekupheleni komgca wokugqibela kwaye ucinezele iqhosha lokufaka kabini, yenza i-indent, faka imigca elandelayo:
I-DEB i-http: //mirror.yandex.ru/debian
I-DEB-SRC: http: //mirror.yandex.ru/Epport
okanye
I-DEB i-http: //mirror.yandex.ru/debian Jessie-Reports

I-Deb-SRC: http: //mirv.yandex.ru/debian Jessie-Reports
Cofa iqhosha le-Gcina.
Vala umhleli wombhalo.

Ukufaka zonke iisetingi, hlaziya uluhlu lweephakheji:

I-Sudo Apt-Fumana uhlaziyo

Ngoku, ukufaka inkqubo yesoftware kule ndawo yokugcina izinto, sebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo:

I-Sudo Apt-Fumana indawo yokufaka-i-wackport yolule-(igama lephakheji] (le-Debia 9)

okanye

I-Sudo Apt-Fumana indawo yokufaka-iJessie-iJessie-Reportters [igama lephakheji]

Phila apho endaweni ye "igama lepakethi]" Ngenisa igama lephakheji ofuna ukuyifaka.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Ukufakwa kweefonti

Into ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ziifonti. Kwi-Debian, bafakelwe kwangaphambili, abasebenzisi abahlala besebenza kwimibhalo okanye kwimifanekiso kwiNkqubo yeGimp kufuneka baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde uluhlu lweefonti ezisele zikho. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iNkqubo ye wayini ayiyi kuba nakho ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo ngaphandle kwabo.

Ukufaka iifonti ezisetyenziswa kwiWindows, kufuneka wenze lo myalelo ulandelayo:

I-Sudo Apt-Fumana ukufaka i-TTF-FreeFONT TTF-Mscorefonts-Faka

Unokongeza iifonti ukusuka kwi-notoset:

I-Sudo Apt-Fumana ukufakwa kwefonti-Noto

Unako ukufaka ezinye iifonti, ekhangela nje kubo kwi-Internet yaye ihamba kwi ".fonts 'ncwadi eneenkcukacha, esemfuleni ingcambu le nkqubo. Ukuba ngaba awunayo le folda, ngoko yenze ngokwakho.

Inyathelo 6: Ukucwangcisa ukwenziwa mpuluswa befonti

Xa ufaka Debian, umsebenzisi akanokukwazi ligcine mpuluswa embi semigca nkqubo. Le ngxaki isonjululwe kakhulu nje - ufuna ukwenza i yoqwalaselo lwefayile eyodwa. Yile ndlela yenziwa ngayo:

Kwi-terminal, yiya kwi "/ etc / imigca /" weefayili. Ukwenza oku, landela:
CD / etc / bamagama /

Yiya kwenye kulawulo usebenzisa i CD umyalelo kwi Debian terminal

Yenza ifayile entsha "Local.conf":
Sudo gedit Local.conf.
In umhleli livulekile, faka zeetekisi zilandelayo:
I-RGB.
Yinyani.

hintslight
LCDDEFAULT.
ubuxoki
~ / .Fonts.
Nqakraza i Gcina iqhosha kwaye uvale umhleli.

Emva koko, kule nkqubo, imigca ziya kuba mpuluswa eqhelekileyo.

Inyathelo 7: Sound Sound Dynamics

Esi sicwangciso kufuneka wenziwe ukuba bonke abasebenzisi, kodwa kuphela abo balivayo isandi uphawu unit inkqubo yabo. Inyaniso kukuba kwezinye eyakha akukho yangasebenzi le parameter. Ukulungisa le iphutha lakhe, kufuneka:

Vula uqwalaselo lwefayile "FBDEV-BlackList.conf":
Sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/fbdev-blacklist.conf.
Kwathi kanye Ekupheleni ukubhalisa kumgca ilandelayo:
Blekhlista PcSpkr.
Gcina utshintsho kwaye olusondeleyo umhleli.

Thina nje wenza i "PCSPKR" umnqongo wokulinganisela, nenoxanduva isandi sendlela isithethi, livalelwe, ngokulandelelana, ingxaki iyapheliswa.

Inyathelo 8: Ukubeka codecs

Xa inkqubo kuphela Debian efakiweyo, akukho codecs multimedia, oku esidityaniswe wezindlu zawo. Ngenxa yoku, umsebenzisi akayi kuba nako ukuqhagamshelana kunye neefomathi ezininzi ezimanyelwayo neevidiyo. Ukuze kulungiswe le meko, kufuneka uzifakelele. Yale:

Gijimani:
Sudo Apt-Fumana Faka Libavcodec-Extra57 FFmpeg
Ngexesha lenkqubo yofako, kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba isenzo ngokuchwetheza i "d 'uphawu kwi-keyboard kwaye ucinezele ENTER.

Ngoku ke kufuneka ukuba ufake codecs ezongezelelweyo, kodwa ngolunye yogcino, ngoko kufuneka bongeze kwinkqubo. Ukwenza oku, landela imiyalelo emithathu yanjalo:
Su.
echo "# Debian Multimedia
NoDeb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org ukolula Main non-Free "> '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list' (kuba Debian 9)
okanye
Su.
echo "# Debian Multimedia
NoDeb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org jessie ephambili non-free "> '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list' (kuba Debian 8)

ext Update:
Uhlaziyo lwe-APT
Xa abuyiselwe, kokuba kuqwalaselwe ukuba kwenzeke impazamo yenzekile - inkqubo abakwazi ukufikelela wogcino iqhosha Dirmngr.

Ukulungisa oku, ukuphumeza lo myalelo:
APT-EZIPHAMBILI ADV --RECV-EZIPHAMBILI --KEYSERVER pgpkeys.mit.edu 5c808c2b655558117

Qaphela: Kwezinye Debian yakha, le nkampani lwe dirmngr ilahlekile, ngenxa oku, umyalelo ayikho eyenziwa. Kufuneka zifakelwe kokuphumeza umyalelo "Sudo Apt-Fumana Faka lwe dirmngr".
Khangela ukuba impazamo sisusiwe:
Uhlaziyo lwe-APT

Siyabona ukuba akukho isiphoso, ngoko yogcino ongezwe ngempumelelo.
Faka i codecs eziyimfuneko ngokusebenzisa umyalelo:
APT Faka Libfaad2 LIBMP4V2-2 LIBFAAC0 ALSAMIXERGUI TWOLAME LIBMP3LAME0 LIBDVDNAV4 LIBDVDREAD4 LIBDVDCSS2 W64CODECS (kwinkqubo bit-64)
okanye
APT Faka Libfaad2 LIBMP4V2-2 LIBFAAC0 ALSAMIXERGUI TWOLAME LIBMP3LAME0 LIBDVDNAV4 LIBDVDREAD4 LIBDVDCSS2 (kwinkqubo bit-32)

Emva kokuba azaliseke zonke izinto, kokufaka zonke codecs eziyimfuneko kwinkqubo. Kodwa oku ekupheleni Debian sentlalo.

Inyathelo 9: Faka Flash Player

Abo aziyo Linux ukuba ababhekisi phambili Flash Player kudala asiyihlaziyanga imveliso yazo kule eqongeni. Ngoko ke, kananjalo nangenxa esi sicelo wezindlu, ukuba ayikho izinikezelo ezininzi. Kodwa kukho indlela elula ukuyifaka kwi Debian.

Ukufakela Adobe Flash Player kufuneka ukuba enze:

Sudo Apt-Fumana Faka FlashPlugin-Nonfree

Emva koko uya kufakwa. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa ibhrawuza chromium, ngoko enze omnye umyalelo:

Sudo Apt-Fumana Faka PepperflashPlugin-Nonfree

Kuba Mozilla Firefox Team Okunye:

Sudo Apt-Fumana Faka Flashplayer-Mozilla

Ke zonke izinto zonke iziza ezakhelwe usebenzisa Flash ziya kufumaneka kuwe.

Inyathelo 10: Kufakwa Java

Ukuba ufuna kwindlela yakho ngokuchanekileyo izinto yakwenza kwi Java ulwimi lokuprograma, kufuneka ufake iphakheji ukuze ngokwayo kule OS. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka enze umyalelo enye kuphela:

Sudo APT-Fumana Faka Default-jre

Emva kokubulala kokuba ufumane uguqulelo lwe Java zexesha Environment. Kodwa ke ngelishwa, asikuko ayifanelekile ngokudala iinkqubo kwi Java. Ukuba ufuna olu khetho, kokufaka Java Development Kit:

Sudo Apt-Fumana Faka Default-jdk

Inyathelo 11: Ifaka Izicelo

Akukho mfuneko in version desktop kwenkqubo yokusebenza ukusebenzisa kuphela "yesiphelo" xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa software kunye imbonakalo-mfanekiso. Sikunika iseti software ekucetyiswa ukuba ufakelo.

Evince. - usebenza iifayile PDF;
VLC. - Popular player ividiyo;
Ifayile-roller - archiver;
Bleachbit. - ococa inkqubo;
Gimp. - umhleli igrafikhi (Analog Photoshop);
I-Clementine. - somculo;
Qalculate. - Isibali;
Shotwell. - inkqubo zokujonga i photo;
gparted. - umhleli we izahlulelo diski;
diodon - Exchange uxhaso umphathi;
LibreOffice-Umbhali. - iprosesa umbhalo;
LibreOffice-Calc. - Tabular iprosesa.

Ezinye iinkqubo ukusuka kolu ludwe sele ifakwe kwi yokusebenza kwindlela yakho, konke oko kuxhomekeke ibandla.

Ukuze ufake isicelo esisodwa kuludwe, ukusebenzisa umyalelo:

Sudo Apt-Fumana Faka Programname

Apho endaweni "ProgramName" kufakwe igama program.

Ukuze ufake zonke izicelo ngaxeshanye, nje dwelisa amagama abo ngokusebenzisa isithuba:

Sudo Apt-Fumana Faka Ifayile-mqengqeleki Evince Diodon Qalculate Clementine VLC GIMP Shotwell Gparted Libreoffice-Umbhali Libreoffice-Calc

Emva kokuphumeza umyalelo, umthwalo noko ixesha elide iza kuqala, emva koko, zonke izixhobo ekhankanyiweyo iya kufakwa.

Inyathelo 12: abaqhubi Ifakela kwi ikhadi levidiyo

Ukufakela umqhubi ikhadi levidiyo obuphuma kwi Debian yinkqubo, impumelelo elandelwayo exhomekeke yeseti zizathu, ingakumbi ukuba une AMD. Ngethamsanqa, endaweni yokuba uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha zonke ubuqili kwaye enze ezahlukahlukeneyo imiyalelo kwi "yesiphelo", ungasebenzisa i esisodwa lonke ukopisho kunye ukufaka kunye ukufaka. Oku ngaye ngoku kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo.

Kubalulekile: Xa ufaka abaqhubi, elishicilelwe phantsi ivale zonke iinkqubo abaphathi window, ngoko phambi kokuphumeza umyalelo, ngaphandle onke amacandelo afunekayo.

Vula i "yesiphelo" uze uye ku "Bin" weefayili, nto leyo ifumaneka kwicandelo iingcambu:
CD / usr / local / bin
Umxokozelo SGFXI script ukusuka site esemthethweni:
Sudo Wget -Nc SMXI.ORG/SGFXI
Mnike ilungelo wokuphumeza:
Sudo fdopen + x SGFXI
Ngoku ke kufuneka ukuba uye virtual console. Ukuze wenze oku, cinezela Ctrl + Alt + F3 yesitshixo.
Ngenisa igama lakho lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha.

Ngena kwi kwiProfayili kwi Debian Virtual Console

Fumana ilungelo ubunini:
Su.
Baleka i script ngokusebenzisa umyalelo:
SGFXI.
Kweli nqanaba, i-script phezu kwakhe izixhobo zakho ze icebisa uguqulelo umqhubi yakutshanje kuyo. Uyakwazi ukwala uze ukhethe uguqulelo wena, ngokusebenzisa umyalelo:
SGFXI kuyoze [version umqhubi]
Qaphela: Zonke iinguqulelo ezikhoyo ukwenzela ufakelo Ungafumana usebenzisa SGFXI -H umyalelo.

Emva kokuba kwenziwe zonke izenzo, isikripthi uya kuqalisa ukulayisha nokufakela yomqhubi okhethiweyo. Ungenza ulinde kuphela ekupheleni kwenkqubo.

Ukuba ngenxa yezizathu ezithile isigqibo ukucima umqhubi oomatshini, ngoko ungenza usebenzisa umyalelo:

SGFXI -n.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye izixhobo, elishicilelwe SGFXI amaphutha. Ngokubulawa wayo, ezinye iimpazamo ukuze yenzeke. Ngoku Baya kucalula uthandwayo uze unike imiyalelo ukuphelisa.

Ayiphumelelanga ukususa umnqongo nouveau . Sombulula ingxaki kuyinto kulula - kufuneka iqale ikhompyutha kwaye uqale elishicilelwe phantsi kwakhona.
consoles Virtual izakuswitsha ngokuzenzekelayo . Ukuba ngexesha lenkqubo yofako kwikhusi uya kubona i console omtsha virtual, andule ukunyusa ngenxa kut- inkqubo, ubuyele nje ezidlulileyo ngokucinezela izitshixo Ctrl + Alt + F3.
Scripping kwi ekuqaleni umsebenzi unika imposiso . Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kubangelwe ufakele iphakheji "Build-Essential". I-script xa ayifake ukulandwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa kuza kukho abaqhankqalazi. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, ufake impahla ngokuzimeleyo nghena myalelo:
APT-Fumana Faka Build-Libalulekile

Ezi ngxaki rhoqo xa usebenza njenge script, ukuba phakathi kwabo lona ihenyukazi alifumaneki eyethu, uqhelane kunye Inguqulelo epheleleyo ye-ubunkokheli, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi-website umqambi esemthethweni.

Inyathelo 13: Ukulungisa utshintshe nje oluzenzekelayo ku id iqala ngo ‧x

Zonke iinkalo eziphambili nkqubo sele iqwalaselwe, kodwa ekugqibeleni isixelela kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela utshintshe nje oluzenzekelayo kwi id iqala ngo ‧x yolawulo lwedijithali. Inyaniso yeyoba, e-lonikezelo Debian Ngokungagqibekanga, parameter asilungiselelwanga, kwaye yolawulo kufuneka ivulwe ngexesha ngalinye ngokwakho le nkqubo yaqala nini.

Ngoko kumisa, kufuneka:

Download iphakheji Numlockx. Ukuze wenze oku, faka lo myalelo yesiphelo:
Sudo Apt-Fumana Faka Numlockx
Vula yoqwalaselo Default lwefayile. Le fayile inoxanduva uphumezo oluzenzekelayo imiyalelo xa computer iqala.
Sudo gedit / etc / GDM3 / Init / Default
Faka umbhalo zilandelayo umtya phambi kokuba "YOKUPHUMA 0" parameter:
ukuba [-x / usr / bin / numlockx]; Ke.
Usr / bin / NUMLOCKX ON
fi

Okwendalo yoqwalaselo lwefayile in Debian

Gcina itshintsha futhi uvale umhleli wokubhaliweyo.

Ke kaloku, xa uqala i khompyutha, lenjongo lwamasuntswana luzakwenzeka uvuliwe ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ukuqukumbela

Emva kokwenza yonke Debian setup izinto, uya kufumana zisasazwe, leyo inkulu hayi kuphela ekusombululeni imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ye-umsebenzisi eziqhelekileyo, kodwa umsebenzi kwi computer. Kuyimfuneko ukuba acacise ukuba useto ngasentla ezisisiseko, kwaye unike ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kuphela yeendima kusetyenziswa le nkqubo.