Abasebenzisi abaninzi, bajongana nemfuno yokumisela le okanye umxhasi weposi, babuzwa: "Uyintoni umgaqo-nkqubo we-imeyile". Ewe, 'ukunyanzela "inkqubo enjalo ukuze isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ke ikhululekile ukuyisebenzisa, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethwe ukuba yeyiphi kwezinto ezikhoyo ezinokukhethwa, kwaye yintoni umahluko ovela kwezinye izinto ezikhoyo. Imalunga neeprothokholi zeposi, imigaqo yomsebenzi wabo kunye nomda wesicelo, kunye nezinye izinto ezizayo ziya kuxelelwa kweli nqaku.
Iiprotocol ze-imeyile
Lilonke, kukho imigangatho emithathu ngokubanzi eyamkelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukutshintshisela i-imeyile (ukuthumela kunye nokufumana) - le yi-IMAP, i-POP3 kunye ne-SMTP. Kusekho i-HTTP, edla ngokubizwa nge-imeyile, kodwa ayinalo ubudlelwane ngqo kwisihloko sethu sanamhlanje. Apha ngezantsi kuya kuqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha zonke iiprothokholi, ukumisela iimpawu zabo zobume kunye nokumahluko okunokubakho, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sinike inkcazo yegama ngokwalo.
Iprotocol ye-imeyile, ukuba uthetha olona lwimi lulula nolunokuqonda - yile ndlela ukutshintshiselana ngayo imbalelwano ye-elektroniki, oko kukuthi, yeyiphi indlela kwaye "uyema" yileta esuka kumthumeli.
I-SMTP (iProtokholi yokuGqithisela i-imeyile)
IProtokhol yokuGqithiselwa kwePosi elula- yindlela igama elipheleleyo le-SMTP liguqulelwe kwaye lithathelwe ingqalelo. Lo mgangatho usetyenziselwa ukudlulisela i-imeyile kwi-TCP / i-IP yothungelwano (ngokukodwa ukutshintshela i-imeyile ye-imeyile ye-TCP 25). Kukwakho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo "ezahlukeneyo" zandiselwe kwi-ESMTP
Iprothokholi ye-SMTP isetyenziswa ngeeseva zeposi kunye neearhente zokuthumela kunye nokufumana iileta, kodwa izicelo ezijolise kwizicelo ziyisebenzisa kuphela kwicala elinye - ukuthumela ii-imeyile kwiseva.
Uninzi lwezicelo zeposi, ezibandakanya i-mozilla eyaziwayo ye-hunderbird, i-bat! Kule meko, iprothokholi ye-propriet inokusebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo wokufikelela kwi-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kwiserver yayo ukufumana i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kwiseva yomsebenzisi, kodwa oku sele kuphumile kumgangatho wesihloko sethu.
Jonga: Iileta eziguqukayo nge-imeyile
I-POP3 (i-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-Ofisi ye-Ofisi yesi-3)
IProtocol yeOfisi yeNguqulelo yesithathu (iguqulelwe ukusuka kwisiNgesi) ngumgangatho wenqanaba lesicelo osetyenziswa ziinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zabathengi ukufumana i-imeyile kwiseva esondeleyo kuhlobo lwe-SMTP -I-TCP / IP. Ngqo kwi-PO3 yayo ye-POP3 isebenzisa izibuko ngenombolo ye-110, nangona kunjalo, i-995 isetyenziswa nge-SSL / TLS.
Njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, yile protocol ye-imeyile (kunye nommeli olandelayo woluhlu lwethu) idla ngokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukuyifumana ngqo iposi. Hayi ubuncinci, oku kufanelekile ngenyani yokuba i-POP3, kunye ne-IMAP, ayixhaswanga kuphela ngababoneleli abakhokelayo beenkonzo ezifanelekileyo - i-Gmail, i-Yahoo!
Phawula: Umgangatho osendaweni yinguqulelo yesithathu yale protocol. Eyokuqala neyesibini kuyo (pop, ipop2, ngokulandelelana), ithathelwa ingqalelo ngokuziphatha.
Funda kwakhona: Ukuseta i-imeyile ye-Gmail kwi-Post Asks
I-IMAP (iProtokholi yoFikelelo kwiMiyalezo ye-Intanethi)
Le yinkqubo yenkqubo yenqanaba lesicelo esetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwi-elektroniki. Njengoko imigangatho efunyenweyo kuthi apha ngasentla, i-IMAP isekwe kwiProtokholi yezothutho ye-TCP, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi eyabelwe yona, i-Port 143 (okanye i-993 ye-SSL / TLS isetyenzisiwe).
Ngokwenyani, ngumgaqo wokuFikelela kwi-Intanethi obonelela ngamathuba okusebenza ngokusebenza ngoonobumba kwaye ngqo ziibhokisi zeposi ezibekwe kwiseva embi. Isicelo somthengi esisebenzisa le protocol yomsebenzi sayo sinokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwimbalelwano nge-elektroniki ngokungathi igcinwe kwiseva, kodwa kwikhompyuter yomsebenzisi.
I-IMAP ikuvumela ukuba wenze onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngoonobumba kunye neDrawer (imizobo) ngqo kwi-PC ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuthumela kwiserver iqhotyoshelwe kwiserver iqhotyoshelwe kwi-SERORSO iqhotyoshelwe kuyo. I-POP3 ejongene ngaphezulu, njengoko sele sikhethe, isebenza ngokuqinileyo "qinisa idatha eyimfuneko xa iqhagamshelwe.
Bona: Ukusombulula iingxaki ngokuthumela ii-imeyile
I-http.
Njengoko kuchaziwe ekuqaleni kwenqaku, i-http ngumthetho owenziwayo ukuba unxibelelane nge-imeyile. Kwangelo xesha, inokusetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwibhokisi yeposi, ukuzoba (kodwa hayi) kunye nokufumana oonobumba be-elektroniki. Oko kukuthi, iqhuba kuphela icandelo lemisebenzi yemigangatho yemigangatho yeposi exutyushwe apha ngasentla. Kwaye okwangoku, kwangaxeshanye, idla ngokubizwa ngokuba se-webmail. Mhlawumbi indima ethile kule ibidlalwa yinkonzo ethandwayo ye-Hotmail, esebenzisa i-http.Khetha iProtocol ye-imeyile
Ke, ukuba uziqhelanise ngento nganye yeposi yeposi, sinokutshintsha ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo. I-http, ngenxa yezizathu ezichongwe apha ngasentla, ayimelanga phononongo kule meko, kwaye i-SMTP ijolise ekusombululeni imisebenzi ngaphandle kwabo batyhalela umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, xa kufikwa ekusekweni nasekuqinisekiseni umsebenzi ochanekileyo womthengi we-imeyile, kuya kufuneka ukhethe phakathi kwe-POP3 kunye ne-IMAP.
IProtokholi yoFikelelo kwiMiyalezo ye-Intanethi
Kwimeko apho unqwenela ukuba nokufikelela ekufikeleleni kubo bonke, hayi nge-imeyile efanelekileyo, sicebisa ukuba siyeke ukhetho lwakho kwi-IMAP. Kwizibonelelo zale protocol, ungachaza uluhlu olusisiseko, ukuvumela ukuba usebenze ngeposi kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo - kunye nomyalelo womntu ofanelekileyo oya kuhlala esesandleni. Eyona nto iphosakeleyo yeProtokholi yoFikelelo kwi-Intanethi ilandelayo kwi-Proges yokusebenza kwayo kwaye kukugcwaliswa kwendawo yediski.
I-IMAP kunye nezinye, akukho zibonelelo zincinci zibaluleke kakhulu-kuyakuvumela ukuba ulungiselele iileta kwiNkqubo yePosi kwi-oda yobukumkani, yenza isikhombisi esahlukileyo kwaye sibeke imiyalezo apho, oko kukuthi, ukwenza uhlengahlengiso lwazo. Ngenxa yoku, kunokwenzeka ukuba ulungiselele umsebenzi ofanelekileyo nolukhululekileyo ngembalelwano ye-elektroniki. Nangona kunjalo, enye into engafunekiyo ilandela ukusebenza olunjalo-kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo yasimahla kwidiski, kukho umthwalo owongeziweyo kwiprosesa kunye nenkunzi yegusha. Ngethamsanqa, oku kuphawuleka kuphela kwiNkqubo yokuSebenza, kwaye ngokukodwa kwizixhobo zombane.
IProtokholi yePosi yePowe 3 (POP3)
I-POP3 ilungele ukuseta umthengi weposi ukuba ubukho besithuba esimahla kwiseva (i-drive) kunye nesantya esiphezulu somsebenzi sidlala indima enkulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde oku kulandelayo: Ukumisa ukhetho lwakho kule protocol, uyala ukuvumelanisa phakathi kwezixhobo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ufumene, umzekelo, oonobumba abathathu kwinombolo yefowuni 1 kwaye babazile njengoko befundwa, kwinombolo yesixhobo 2, abasayi kuphawulwa.
Izibonelelo ze-POP3 azifanela kuphela ngokonga indawo yediski, kodwa kwakhona kukungabikho komthwalo omncinci obonakalayo kwi-CPU ne-RAM. Le protocol, ngaphandle komgangatho woqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi, ikuvumela ukuba ulayishe oonobumba e-elektroniki ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, kunye notyalo-mali kunye notyalo-mali. Ewe, oku kwenzeka kuphela xa uqhagamshelwe, kodwa nantsi i-IMAP esebenzayo, ngokuxhomekeke kwitrafikhi yendlela okanye isantya esiphantsi, imiyalezo iya kubonisa kuphela, kwaye uninzi lomxholo luya kushiya iseva "Ukuya kumaxesha angangcono".
Ukuqukumbela
Kweli nqaku sazama ukunika impendulo eneenkcukacha nenokuqondakala kumbuzo, yintoni umgaqo-nkqubo we-imeyile. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba bonke bangabane, babini kuphela - i-IMAP kuphela kunye ne-pop3 inomdla kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo. Eyokuqala iya kubangela ukuba abo baqhele ukusebenzisa i-imeyile kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ukufumana ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kubo bonke (okanye kufanelekile) oonobumba, balungiselele. Okwesibini lulawulwa kakhulu-lukhawuleze kakhulu emsebenzini, kodwa ungavumeli ukuba ulilungise ixesha elinye kwizixhobo ezininzi.