Ungayakha njani ikhefu-nkqu nenqaku kwi-Excel

Enye yezibalo ezisisiseko zoqoqosho nezemali zalo naliphi na ishishini kukuchaza ikhefu layo-kuqhelekileyo. Esi salathi-nkqubela sibonisa ukuba, le meko yemveliso, imisebenzi yombutho iya kuba yindleko kwaye ayizukuphazamiseka. Inkqubo ye-Excel ibonelela abasebenzisi ngezixhobo ezenza lula ukuba kube lula ukuchaza esi salathisi kwaye babonise isiphumo esifunyenweyo. Masifumanise indlela yokuzisebenzisa ngayo xa ufumana ikhefu-khokela umzekelo othile.

Yaphula nalapho

Eyona nto iphambili yokuqhekeka-kuqulatha kukufumana ubungakanani bevolumu yemveliso, apho ubungakanani benzuzo (ilahleko) iya kuba zero. Oko kukuthi, ngokunyuka kwemiqulu yemveliso, inkampani iya kuqalisa ukubonisa ingeniso yomsebenzi, kunye nokuhla kwenkonzo.

Xa ubala ikhefu-nkqu inqaku, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zonke iindleko zeshishini zihlulwe zibe zizigxina neziguquguqukayo. Iqela lokuqala alixhomekeki kumthamo wemveliso kwaye uhlala uhlala. Oku kunokubandakanya ivolumu yemivuzo yabasebenzi bezolawulo, iindleko zendawo yokurenta, ukuhla kwexabiso le-asethi ezilungisiweyo, njl. Kodwa iindleko eziguquguqukayo zixhomekeka ngqo kumthamo weemveliso ezivelisiweyo. Oku, okokuqala kufuneka kubandakanya iindleko zokufunyanwa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nabathwali amandla, ke ngoko olu hlobo lweendleko luthathwa ukubonisa icandelo leemveliso ezenziwe.

Ikumgangatho weendleko eziguqukayo neziguqukayo ukuba umxholo wokwaphula-nkqu unxulumene. Ngaphambi kokufezekiswa kwenqanaba elithile lemveliso, iindleko eziqhubekayo sisixa esibalulekileyo kwiindleko ezizonke, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba iindleko zeyunithi zivelisiwe. Kwinqanaba lokuqhekeka-nokwazi, iindleko zemveliso kunye nengeniso evela kwintengiso yeempahla okanye iinkonzo ziyalingana. Ngokwanda ngakumbi kwimveliso, inkampani iqala ukwenza inzuzo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukumisela ivolumu yemveliso apho ikhefu lifezekisiwe.

Ukubalwa kwekhefu-nkqu

Bala esi salathisi sisebenzisa izixhobo zenkqubo ye-Excel, kunye nokwakha igrafu apho uza kuwukhankanya ukuqhekeka. Ukwenza ukubala, siya kuyisebenzisa le theyibhile apho idatha yokuqala yeshishini ibonisiwe:

• Iindleko rhoqo;
• Iindleko eziguqukayo kwicandelo ngalinye lemveliso;
• Ukuphunyezwa kwamaxabiso eemveliso.

Ke, siya kubala i-data ngokusekwe kwixabiso elichazwe kwitheyibhile kumfanekiso ongezantsi.

1. Yakha itafile entsha esekwe kwitafile yomthombo. Ikholamu yokuqala yetafile entsha sisixa sezinto (okanye amatheko) senziwe lishishini. Oko kukuthi, inombolo yelayini iya kubonisa inani lezinto ezenziweyo. Kwikholamu yesibini kukho ubukhulu beendleko rhoqo. Iya kuba ngama-25,000 kwimigca yethu kuyo yonke imiqolo. Kwikholamu yesithathu-inani lilonke leendleko ezahlukeneyo. Eli xabiso lomqolo ngalinye liya kulingana nenombolo yemveliso yempahla, oko kukuthi, imixholo yeseli ehambelanayo yekholamu yokuqala, kwii-ruble ezingama-2000.

   Kwikholamu yesine kukho inani elipheleleyo leendleko. Sisixa se-sells somgca ohambelana nekholam yesibini neyesibini. Kwikholamu yesihlanu kukho umvuzo opheleleyo. Ibalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo iyunithi yeyunithi (4500 iphe.) Kwimali edibeneyo, eboniswe kumgca ohambelana nekholamu yokuqala. Kwikholamu yesithandathu kukho isalathi senzuzo. Ibalwa ngokukhupha kwingeniso iyonke (ikholam 5) Iindleko zexabiso (ikholamu 4).

   Oko kukuthi, kuloo migca ethile ukuba kwiiseli ezilandelelanayo ziya kuba lixabiso elibi, ilahleko yeshishini ijongwa, malunga nezo zikhoboka ziya kuba ngu-0 - inqaku lekhefu lifikile, kwaye kwakufike apho ikhoyo Uya kuba nethemba-Inzuzo iphawulwa kwimisebenzi yombutho.

   Ukucaciswa, gcwalisa imigca eli-16. Ikholamu yokuqala iya kuba linani leempahla (okanye amatheko) ukusuka kwi-1 kuye ku-16. Iikholamu ezilandelayo zizaliswe yi-algorithm edweliswe apha ngasentla.



2. Njengoko ubona, inqaku lekhefu lifikelelwe kwimveliso ye-10. Kwakuyinto yonke ukuba ingeniso iyonke (i-ruble engama-45,000) ilingana neendleko zobukhulu, kunye nenzuzo ye-It. Ke, kwimeko yethu, inqaku lesalathiso senani elincinci ziiyunithi ezili-10, nakwimali eyi-45,000 ruble.

Ukwenza igrafu

Emva kokuba kwenziwe itafile apho inqaku lekhefu libaliwe, unokwenza itshati apho le patheni iya kubonakaliswa khona. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka sakhe umzobo kunye nemigca emibini ebonisa iindleko kunye nengeniso yeshishini. Kwindlela yokuhlangana kwale migca mibini kwaye kuya kubakho ikhefu-kuqulatha. Kwi-Axis ye-X Axis yalo mzobo, inani leempahla liya kubakho, kwaye kwi-Axis y axis y axis.

1. Yiya kwi "Faka" ithebhu. Cofa kwi-Icon "yendawo", eye ibekwe kwitheyiphu kwi "Ibar yetshathi". Sinokukhetha iindlela ezininzi zeegrafu. Ukusombulula ingxaki yethu, uhlobo "olubonisiweyo nge-curves ezigudileyo kunye nabamakishi" zilungile, ke bacofa kule nto. Nangona, ukuba unqwenela, ungasebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zemizobo.



2. Phambi kokuba sivule indawo engenanto yetshathi. Kuya kufuneka uyigcwalise idatha. Ukwenza oku, cofa iqhosha lemouse lasekunene elijikeleze le ndawo. Kwimenyu esebenzayo, khetha i "Khetha idatha ..." isikhundla.



3. Ifestile yokhetho lwedatha isungulwe. Kwinxalenye yakhe yasekhohlo kukho ibhlokhi "izinto zentsomi (kwi-dipks)". Cofa kwiqhosha "Yongeza", elibekwe kwibhloko ekhankanyiweyo.



4. Sinefestile ebizwa ngokuba "ukutshintsha umqolo". Kuyo, kufuneka sichaze ukulungelelaniswa kokubekwa kwedatha apho kuya kuyakhiwa khona. Okokuqala, siza kwakha ishedyuli apho iindleko zizonke ziya kuboniswa khona. Ke ngoko, kwigama elithi "growgama", ungena kwi "ndleko ngokubanzi" ezirekhodwa kwikhibhodi.

   Kwintsimi ye "X", chaza ulungelelwaniso lwedatha ekwindawo "yempahla" yempahla ". Ukwenza oku, setha isikhombisi kule ntsimi, kwaye emva koko sivelise iklip yeqhosha lasekhohlo le mouse, khetha ikholam ehambelana nayo yetafile. Njengoko sibona, emva kwezi zenzo, izinxibelelaniso zayo ziya kubonakala kwifestile yokutshintsha umqolo.

   Kwela candelo lilandelayo "v Ixabiso", bonisa idilesi yekholamu emfutshane, apho kufuneka khona idatha. Sisebenza kule algorithm engasentla: Sibeka isikhombisi ebaleni kwaye sibalaselise iiseli zekholamu esiyifunayo ngokunqakraza ngasekhohlo kwemouse. Idatha iya kuboniswa ebaleni.

   Emva kokuba i-goripulations echaziweyo yenziwa, cofa kwiqhosha "Kulungile", ibekwe kwindawo engezantsi yefestile.



5. Emva koko, ibuyela ngokuzenzekelayo kwifestile yokukhetha yedatha. Ikwadinga ukucofa iqhosha "Kulungile".



6. Njengoko ubona, ukulandela oku, ishedyuli yeendleko iyonke yeshishini iya kuvela kwiphepha.



7. Ngoku kufuneka sakhe umgca wengeniso jikelele yeshishini. Ngeenjongo, kunye neqhosha lasekunene lemouse kwindawo yedabi, esele iqulethe umgca weendleko zizonke zombutho. Kwimenyu yokujonga umxholo, khetha i "Khetha idatha ..." isikhundla.



8. Iwindow yokukhetha umthombo wedatha apho ufuna ukucofa kwiqhosha le-POROT kwakhona.



9. Ifestile encinci yokutshintsha uthotho luvula. Kwigama elithi "rowgama" kwicandelo eli xesha sibhala "umvuzo oqhelekileyo".

   Kwintsimi ethi "Ixabiso le-X", ukulungelelaniswa kwekholam "Inani leempahla" kufuneka lwenziwe. Senza le nto ngendlela esiyithetha ngayo xa sisakha umgca weendleko zizonke.

   Kwintsimi "v Ixabiso", chaza ngokuchanekileyo ukulungelelaniswa kwekholam "yengeniso iyonke.

   Emva kokwenza le nto, sicofa iqhosha "Kulungile".



10. I-phring yokhetho olusondeleyo kwi-phring iqhosha "Kulungile".



11. Emva koko, umgca jikelele wengeniso uya kuvela kwinqwelomoya. Yindawo yokuhlangana kwemigca yemivuzo jikelele kunye neendleko zizonke ziya kuba kukuqhekeka.

Ngenxa yoko, sizifezekisile iinjongo zokwenza le shedyuli.

Isifundo: Ungayenza njani itshathi ekuthinjweni

Njengoko ubona, ukufumana ikhefu-fikaza kusekwe ekumiselweni kwenani leemveliso ezivelisiweyo, apho iindleko zizonke ziya kulingana nengeniso ngokubanzi. Oku kubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo ekwakhiweni kweendleko kunye nemigca yengeniso, kunye nokufumana inqaku lendlela yabo, eya kuba yinto yokuqhekeka. Ukuqhuba okunjalo kukubala sisisiseko sokucwangcisa nokucwangcisa imisebenzi yalo naliphi na ishishini.