Chimwe chakanakira kugoverwa zvakanyorwa paLinux kernel inoonekwa senge dzakasiyana dze desktop nharaunda. Mazhinji emabhonzo akagadzirira akagadzirira akagadzirwa nemakambani akasiyana siyana, akapinza pasi peboka rimwe nerimwe remushandisi uye kuita mamwe mabasa. Mune akawanda mapuratifomu, imwe yemabhonzo akadai akatoiswa, asi vazhinji vanoda kuyedza chimwe chinhu chitsva kana kurasika kana vachisarudza gungano nenzvimbo desktop. Nhasi taizoda kutaura nezvenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa kwazvo, dzakasimudza maitiro avo makuru.
Gnome.
Chekutanga pane zvese, zvakakodzera kutaurira nezve gnome - imwe yemhinduro dzakakurumbira dzakawandisa dzekugovera kwakawanda, dzakadai saDhiian kana ubuntu. Zvichida chikamu chikuru cheichi ball nhasi ndirwo rwakawandisa manejimendi emidziyo yekunzwa. Nekudaro, izvi hazvingabvumi chokwadi chekuti iyo huru interface inoitwawo padanho repamusoro, inoonekwa seyakanaka uye yakakodzera. Iye zvino maneja wefaira wefaira ari nautilus, anokubvumira kuti utarise mameseji efaira, audio, vhidhiyo nemifananidzo.
Pakati pezvakagadzirwa zvekushandisa muGnome pane terminal emulator, iyo Gedit zvinyorwa zvemutungamiriri, webhurobhu (Epiphany). Mukuwedzera, pane chirongwa cheemail chengetedza, mutambi weltimedia, nzira yekuona mifananidzo uye seti yemifananidzo yemifananidzo yekutonga. Kana zviri zvekunyepedzera kwenzvimbo ino yeDesktop, pakati pavo unogona kucherechedza kukosha kwekuisa chimwe chinhu cheTweak chakatorwa kuti uise chitarisiko, pamwe negondohwe rakawanda.
Kde.
KDE haisi nzvimbo chete ye desktop chete, asi seti yemapurogiramu mazhinji emagazini anonzi shell. Iyo kde inoonekwa nenzira yakakodzera iyo inogadzirisa uye inochinja mhinduro iyo ichave inobatsira kune vashandisi kubva mumapoka akasiyana zvachose. Tora semuenzaniso weiyo gnome imwechete, nezve izvo zvatatoudza kare, - iye, kunge mamwe madhoni, chimwe chishandiso chakaiswa kuti tigadzire chitarisiko. Mumhinduro iri pasi pekufunga, zvese zvaunoda zvatove zviripo mu "system parameter" menyu. Kune zvakare zvakare iripo kurodha uye kuiswa kwemifananidzo, Wallpapers uye izvo zvakananga kubva pahwindo, pasina pre-kutanga browser.
Pamwe chete neKDE, iwe unowana iyo huru software, uye mamwe acho anogoverwa chete nekuda kweiyi righiko uye haawanikwe mune vamwe, semuenzaniso, iyo KTORRENT TELRENT mutengi kana iyo kdenlive vhidhiyo yerudzi rweKdenlive. Maitiro akadaro anowanzo kutamba imwe yemabasa akakosha pakusarudza. Jeles achida kuwana zvese zvakanyanyisa kukosha uye zvizere zvakashanda nekukurumidza mushure mekuiswa, isu tinonyanya kukurudzira kuti iwe uzviwanei neiyi sarudzo. Nekudaro, yaisave isina kusarudzika. Semuenzaniso, iyo inoenderana gwaro rinoenderana pasi rose mukushandiswa kukuru kwegadziriro yehurongwa uye kuomarara mukugadzirisa mamwe ma paramita evashandisi vepache. PaOpense uye Kubuntu Kde Mapuratifomu, iyo default yave kugadzirira kuti izere kuzere kushanda.
Lxde
Mhinduro mbiri dzakapfuura dzinopedza gondohwe rakawanda uye raida processor, nekuti kune akawanda emhedzisiro yakawanda uye mijimu. Iyo lxde desktop nharaunda yakatarisana nekureba system system yekushandisa uye yakaiswa seyakagadziriswa mugungano rakakurumbira Lubuntgu riri nyore. Iyo shell inoshanda zvichienderana nemhinduro yeMoucar, uko chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakazvimiririra cheumwe neumwe uye zvinogona kushanda zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinorerutsa maitiro ekutakurisa kune akasiyana mapuratifomu. Nenzira pamusoro pekushanda masisitimu: Lxde inotsigirwa nezvinenge zvese zviripo kugovera.
Mune seti ine ganda, seti yezvibodzwa zvemukati maneja we terminal emulator, maneja wefaira, muongorori wemufananidzo, chirongwa chekuona, mutambi weltimedia uye zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuisa hurongwa. Kana iri kutonga, kunyange mushandisi wepamhepo anozozviona zviri nyore nazvo, asi chitarisiko cheLxde chinoita senge chisingafarire. Zvakangodaro, zvakafanira kunzwisisa kuti sarudzo yakadaro yakaendeswa kududzirwa nesangano rekumhanya kwakanyanya.
XFCE.
Kutanga musoro wenyaya yechiedza magwebhu mashambadziro, hazvigoneke kusareva xfce. Varidzi veManjaro Linux based on Arch Lindux, ne default, gamuchira iyi mhinduro. Kufanana nenzvimbo dzepamberi dzebasa, xfce rinotariswa nekumhanya kwakanyanya uye kusununguka kwekushandisa. Nekudaro, mune ino kesi, kutaridzika kunoita kuti kwakanyanya kutaridzika uye sevashandisi vazhinji. Mukuwedzera, xfce haina nyaya dzakatungamirwa pane yekare processor mhando, iyo ichabvumidza kushandiswa kweiyo ganda pane chero mudziyo.
Zvese zvidimbu zvinoshanda, senge system system, zvakagadzirwa seyakasiyana application, kureva kuti, system ye modular inoitwa pano. Iyi nzira inokubvumira kuti uwedzere kugarisa ruzha kune yega, kugadzirisa chishandiso chimwe nechimwe zvakasiyana. Semamwe mimwe mhinduro, xfce akaunganidza nhamba yeiyo standard software uye zvinoshandiswa, senge maneja maneja, maneja maneja, yekutsvaga mashandisi, maneja wemagetsi. Pakati peiyo software yekuwedzera kune khalenda, vhidhiyo mutambi uye odhiyo, zvinyorwa zvemavara uye disk kurekodha chishandiso. Zvichida chete zvakakanganisika zvakashata zveiyi nharaunda ingori nhamba diki yezvikamu zvakaenzana zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mhinduro.
Mate.
Muroora chave bazi kubva kuGnome 2, iyo yave isisiri kutsigirwa uye ine kodhi yakagadzirwazve. Zvizhinji zvinhu zvitsva zvakawedzerwa uye kuoneka kwachinja. Iyo shell vagadziri vakaita kusimbisa kwevashandisi vatsva, vachiedza kurerutsa kutonga mukati menzvimbo ye desktop. Naizvozvo, mukadzi anogona kutariswa seimwe yezvirevo zviri nyore. Nekukanganisa, iyi nharaunda inosimbiswa chete mune inokosha vhezheni yeUbuntu Mate, uye dzimwe nguva zvinoitika mune mamwe magadzirirwo emasisitimu ekushandisa. Sarudzo iri mumubvunzo zvakare inoreva zvakare huwandu hwemashell shells iyo isingashandise akawanda system zviwanikwa.
Iyo seti yezvibodzwa zviyero, uye sehwaro hwekiti yeiyo gnome yakaenzana 2. Zvisinei, mamwe maturusi anoitwa muchimiro cheForks: Iyo kodhi yekodhi yekutsigirwa yakatorwa uye yakachinjirwa zvishoma neiyo vagadziri ve nharaunda desktop. Saka, anozivikanwa kune vakawanda Gedit Mupepeti muMake, anonzi Pluma uye ane dzimwe misiyano. Iyi svikiro ichiri mune yekuvandudza nhanho, zvigadziriso zvinobuda kazhinji, zvikanganiso zvinogadziriswa pakarepo, uye kushanda kunongowedzera chete.
Sinamoni
Vashandisi vanosarudza Linux kutsiva Windows kazhinji vanotarisana nematanho pakusarudza kwete chete chikuva chekutanga chekujaira, asi zvakare shell yakanakisa graphic. Cinnamon inowanzo kutaurwa, sezvo kuiswa kwayo kwakafanana neWindows desktop nharaunda uye inokwanisika nyore nyore nevashandisi vatsva. Pakutanga, chete Linux Mint akagoverwa panzvimbo iyi, asi ipapo yave kuwanikwa pachena uye zvino inoenderana nekugoverwa kuzhinji. Cinnamon ine akasiyana siyana ezvinyorwa zvinhu, iwo mahwindo akafanana, mapaneru, kutaridzika kwemaneja uye mamwe ma parameter ekuwedzera.
Chikamu chikuru chezviitiko zvekushandisa zvakapfuura zvinobva kuGnome 3, sezvo cinnamon yaive yakavakirwa pane kodhi yekodhi yeiyi gogo. Nekudaro, iyo vagadziri veLinux mint yakawedzera huwandu hwesoftware yakanyorwa kuti iwedzere kushanda kwenzvimbo. Cinnamon haina zvikanganiso zvakakosha, kunze kwekunge vamwe vashandisi vanotarisana nekubuda kwekutadza kudiki pabasa, izvo zvingave nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu kana matambudziko mukushanda kwesitimu yekushandisa pachayo.
Budgie.
Kune inozivikanwa inozivikanwa Solus kugoverwa. Iyo kambani yevanovandudza mune yakafanana nechikuva iri kuita kusika uye kutsigira iyo Budgie Graphics Shell. Saizvozvo, nzvimbo iyi desktop yakaiswa ne default. Iyo inotarisa pazviri kunyanya pane yakanaka kutaridzika uye kusununguka kwekushandiswa kwevashandisi vatsva. Semunhu muBudgie, gnome tekinoroji akatorwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zviitike kubatanidza nedanda reiyi goko. Nezviparadzi, ndinoda kuisa pamusoro peseri gunguo. Kubudikidza nawo, shanduko kune ese mamenyu, mashandisirwo uye marongero, uye kubva pane izvi tinogona kugumisa kuti gunguo iri ndeimwe yemapaneru akanyanya.
Muna 2019, New Budgie vhezheni ichiri kugadzirwa, uko kwakasiyana siyana kuri kupedzwa uye zvikanganiso zvinogadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, mune zvekutanga shanduro, kupedzisa kwemazindiro ehurongwa hwekushanda kwaiwanzoitika, asi zvino dambudziko iri rakabudirira kuendeswa. Kubva pamisungo, iwe unogona kuisa nhamba yekashoma yehuwandu hweDesktop. Nhamba shoma yekugovera kwepamutemo neiyi shell: ikozvino kune chete Linux, Manjaro Linux, Solus uye Ubuntu Budgie.
Kujekerwa
Iyo yekujekesa chirongwa chakamiswa semaneja windows. Parizvino, pane matatu akakodzera zvikamu zveiyi shell: Dr16 - Chisarudzo chidiki chekupedzisira, Dr17 ndiyo Little Lider (yeValibhurari yeVashandi veFaction) - Maraibhurari Ekuparadzanisa kuti uchengetedze basa renzvimbo dziri pamusoro apa. Maneja ari pasi pekutarisa haatore yakawanda yedhisiki disk nzvimbo uye inotarisana nekuita kwakanyanya. Iyo chiyero muMogos, Bodhi Linux uye Opengeu.
Maka Ndiri kuda kutaura zvakagadzirwa zvekugadzira, iyo inogadziriswa yemifananidzo yezvinhu, rutsigiro rwemberi rwekisimusi chaiyo uye mharidzo yekunyoresa paramende mune imwe binary kodhi yekuverenga nekuverenga nekubuda. Nehurombo, kutanga mutsara weWindows maneja kujekesa hakubatanidzi zvizhinji zvinoshandiswa, saka vazhinji vavo vanofanira kuisa vakazvimirira.
Icewm.
Paunenge uchigadzira icewm, vanovandudza vakatarisa pane kushoma kwekushandiswa kwehurongwa hwegadziriro uye kurongedza kunochinja kweganda. Maneja uyu achave akanakisa sarudzo kune avo vashandisi vanoda kuzvimiririra vanotaura mamiriro ese emamiriro ezvinhu kuburikidza nemafaira ekugadzira. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zveicowm ndiyo mukana weiyo yakazara-yakafemerwa nyore nyore kudzora pasina kushandisa mbeva yekombuta.
Icewm haina kukodzera vashandisi vevashandisi uye avo vanoda kuti vasimuke kusvika pakushanda graphic shell. Pano iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa zvese zvakaenzana, kugadzira mafaera akasarudzika mu ~ / .icewm dhairekitori. Vese vashandisi vemushandisi vane iyi mhando:
- Menyu - Menyu zvinhu uye chimiro;
- Toolbar - Kuwedzera mabhatani ekutanga kuTegbar;
- Zvido - zvichironga iyo general parameter yemaneja wewindo;
- Keys - kuisirwa kweimwe kiyi yekhibhodi mapfupi;
- Winoptions - Chikumbiro Management Mitemo;
- Kutanga ndeyekuti inobatanidzwa faira inotanga apo komputa ikashandurwa.
Nhasi taongorora zvakadzama chete mapfumbamwe mapfumbamwe graphic maganda ekugovera zvichienderana neLinux. Ehezve, iyi rondedzero iri kure nekupedzisa, nekuti ikozvino kune akawanda matavi uye magungano enzvimbo. Takaedza kutaura nezve zvakanakisa uye zvakanyanya kuzivikanwa kwavari. Kuisa, kutanga kwezvose zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza iyo yapera vhezheni yeOs neiyo yakaiswa shell. Kana pasina mukana wakadai, zvese ruzivo rwunodiwa pane kuiswa kwesvikiro iri mugwaro repamutemo racho kana pachikuva chinoshandiswa.