Chimwe chezvakawanda zviratidzo zvazvinenge zvichidikanwa kubata nevashandi, vashandi vemutero uye vepachivanze vakazvimiririra mutengo wakawedzerwa mutero. Naizvozvo, nyaya yekuverengwa kwayo inoenderana navo, pamwe nekuverenga zvimwe zviratidzo zvine chekuita nazvo. Iwe unogona kuita iyi Calculator yeimwe huwandu uchishandisa Calculator. Asi, kana iwe uchida kuverenga VHA mune dzakawanda mari tsika, saka ichaita kuti ive inonetsa neye imwe calculator. Mukuwedzera, muchina unoverengeka hausi kugara uchishandiswa kushandisa.
Neraki, muExcel, iwe unogona kukurudzira zvakanyanya kuverenga kwemhedzisiro inodikanwa yeiyo sosi data, iyo yakanyorwa patafura. Ngatizvizive kuti ungazviita sei.
Curversi
Usati waenderera zvakananga pakuverenga, ngatitsvagei chii chinonzi mutero wakataurwa mutero. Kukosha kwakawedzera mutero ndeye mutero unenge wakambarara, uyo anobhadhara vatengesi vezvinhu uye masevhisi kubva kune huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvakatengeswa. Asi chaivo vanobhadhara vatengi, nekuti kukosha kwekubhadhara kwemitero kwatove kwakabatanidzwa mumutengo wezvigadzirwa zvakatengwa kana masevhisi.MuRussia Federation panguva ino kune iyo mutero muhuwandu hwe18%, asi mune dzimwe nyika dzenyika dzinogona kusiyana. Semuenzaniso, muAustria, Great Britain, Ukraine uye Belarus, yakaenzana ne20%, kuGermany - 19%, muHungary - 27%, muKazakhstan - 12%. Asi pakuverenga isu tichashandisa iyo mutero mutero yakakodzera kuRussia. Nekudaro, nokungochinja zvakanyanya mwero wekuverenga, idzo algorithms dzekuverenga izvo zvicharatidzwa pazasi zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa kune chero imwe nyika yenyika, inoshandisa rudzi urwu rwemutero.
Panyaya iyi, mabasa akakosha akadaro anoiswa kune accountan, vashandi vemitero yemutero uye mabatiro emakesi akasiyana-siyana:
- Kuverenga kweVat pachayo kubva pamubhadharo pasina mutero;
- Kuverenga kweVat kubva pamutengo kune iyo mutero watove wakabatanidzwa;
- Kuverenga kwehuwandu pasina VAT kubva pamutengo umo mutero watove wakabatanidzwa;
- Kuverenga kwehuwandu neVat kubva pamutengo pasina mutero.
Nekuverenga data yekuverenga muExle, tichaenderera mberi uye basa.
Nzira 1: Kuverenga kweVA kubva kuThe Mutero Base
Chekutanga pane zvese, ngatitsvage nzira yekuverenga VAT kubva kune iyo mutero. Zviri nyore. Kuita iri basa, iwe unofanirwa kuwanza mutero mutero kune iyo mutero, iyo iri 18% muRussia, kana nenhamba 0.18. Saka, isu tine formula:
"Vat" = "Mutero Base" x 18%
Ye Excel, iyo yekuverenga fomula inotora fomu inotevera
= Nhamba * 0.18
Nomuzvarirwo, iyo "nhamba" inowanza chiratidzo chehuwandu hweiyi mutero base kana chinongedzo kuchitokisi mune iyo nhamba iyi. Ngatiedzei kushandisa ruzivo urwu mukuita reta tafura. Iyo ine matatu makoramu. Yekutanga ndiyo inozivikanwa kukosha kweiyo mutero base. Mune yechipiri tsika dzaidiwa dzatinofanira kuverenga. Chikamu chechitatu chichava huwandu hwezvinhu pamwe chete neyekutengesa mutengo. Hazvina kuoma kufungidzira, inogona kuverengerwa nekuwedzera iyo data yeiyo yekutanga neyechipiri.
- Sarudza chitunha chekutanga cheMutauri neiyo inodiwa data. Isu tinoisa chiratidzo "=" mazviri, wobva wadzvanya muchitokisi mumutsara mumwe kubva kune mutero wekodhi. Sezvauri kuona, kero yake inopinda pakarepo mune icho chinhu kwatinoita kuverenga. Mushure meizvozvo, muchitokisi chekugadzirisa, iwe unoisa iyo Excel yekuwedzera chiratidzo (*). Tevere, drive kubva kukhibhodi iyo hukuru hwe "18%" kana "0.18". Pakupera, formula kubva pamuenzaniso uyu wakatora iyi mhando:
= A3 * 18%
Pane yako, ichave yakafanana chaizvo kunze kwekutanga chinhu. Panzvimbo pa "A3", panogona kunge paine mamwe marongi, zvichienderana nekuti mushandisi akaisa data ine iyo mutero wetero.
- Mushure meizvozvo, kuratidza iyo yapera mhedzisiro muchitokisi, tinya iyo Enter kiyi pane iyo keyboard. Inodiwa kuverenga ichangobva kuwanikwa nechirongwa.
- Sezvauri kuona, mhedzisiro yacho inotorwa nezviratidzo zvina. Asi, sezvaunoziva, mari yemari yunivhesiti inokwanisa kungova nezviratidzo zviviri chete (penny). Saka kuti isu tiite mhedzisiro yedu, iwe unofanirwa kutenderedza kusvika kune maviri echiratidzo. Ita kuti ishandise cell fomating. Kuti urege kudzokera kune ino nyaya gare gare, fomisa masero ese akagadzirirwa kuiswa kwemari yemari kamwechete.
Sarudza huwandu hwetafura yakagadzirirwa kuisa manhamba. Tinya kurudyi mbeva bhatani. Mamenyu emamenyu anotangwa. Sarudza chinhu "masero emhando" mazviri.
- Mushure meizvozvo, hwindo rinomatidzirwa rakatangwa. Famba mu "nhamba" tab kana yaive yakavhurika mune chero imwe tab. Mu "nhamba yemafungiro" parameter, iwe unoisa switch kune iyo "nhamba" chinzvimbo. Tevere, isu tinoongorora icho mune chikamu chehwindo mu "nhamba yezviratidzo" zvakamira "2". Ukoshi uhwu hunofanirwa kuve hwakakanganisika, asi kana zvichienderana nekukoshesa kutarisa uye kuzvichinja kana paine imwe nhamba ichiratidzwa ipapo, uye kwete 2. inotevera, bhatani riri pazasi pepahwindo.
Iwe unogona zvakare kusanganisira mari mumhando yehuwandu. Mune ino kesi, nhamba dzicharatidzwawo nezviratidzo zviviri. Kuti tiite izvi, tinogadzirazve switch mu "nhamba yemafungiro" paramita mu "mari" chinzvimbo. Sezvazviri nyaya yapfuura, tinotarisa ku "nhamba yezviratidzo" mumunda "2". Isu tinofanirawo kuteerera zvakare chokwadi chekuti chiratidzo chekutara chakaiswa mu "dhizaini" munda, kana, chokwadi, iwe uri kuzotadzisa kushanda neimwe mari. Mushure meizvozvo, tinya pane "OK" bhatani.
- Kana iwe ukashandisa sarudzo uchishandisa nhamba yehuwandu, saka nhamba dzese dzinoshandurwa kuita tsika neye maviri macustomer zviratidzo.
Paunenge uchishandisa mari yemari, iyo chaiyo shanduko ichaitika, asi chiratidzo chemari yakasarudzwa ichawedzerwa kune iyo tsika.
- Asi, isu patakaverenga kukosha kwakawedzera mutero chete kune imwe kukosha kweiyo mutero base. Ikozvino tinoda kuitira izvi kune mamwe ese huwandu. Ehezve, iwe unogona kunyora formula kune yakafanana fananidzo sezvatakaitira nguva yekutanga, Kuti uite izvi, shandisa kutevedzera uchishandisa mucherechedzo unozadza.
Isu tinosimbisa iyo yekukwira kukona yepazasi yeiyo chinhu icho chebepa iyo iyo formula yatove iine. Mune ino kesi, iyo yekukonzera inofanira kushandurwa kuva muchinjiro chidiki. Uku ndiko chiratidzo chinozadza. Dzvanya bhatani rekuruboshwe bhatani uye uzvisvike pasi petafura.
- Sezvauri kuona, mushure mekuita chiito ichi, kukosha kunodiwa kuchaverengerwa zvachose kukosha kwese kwetero, iyo inowanikwa patafura yedu. Nekudaro, isu takaverenga chiratidzo chemari manomwe anokonzeresa nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaizoitwa pane Calculator kana, kunyanya, nemaoko pepa pepa.
- Zvino isu tichazoda kuverenga huwandu hwakakwana hwekukosha pamwe chete nemutero kukosha. Kuti uite izvi, isu tinosimbisa chinhu chekutanga chisikwa mu "huwandu neVat" ikholamu. Isu tinoisa chiratidzo "=" Tinya muchitokisi chekutanga che "mutero" mutero ", seta" + "chiratidzo, uye wozinya muchitokisi chekutanga cheVat. Kwedu isu, chirevo chinotevera chakaonekwa muchinhu kuratidza mhedzisiro yacho:
= A3 + B3
Asi, hongu, mune imwe neimwe nyaya, kero yemasero inogona kusiyana. Naizvozvo, kana uchiita rimwe basa rakafanana, iwe uchafanirwa kutsiva yako marongero ezvinyorwa zvinoenderana.
- Tevere, tinya pane iyo ENTER bhatani pane iyo keyboard kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekuverenga. Saka, kukosha kwemutengo pamwe chete nemutero wekutanga kukosha kunoverengerwa.
- Kuti uverenge iyo huwandu hwakakosha mutengo wakawedzerwa mutero uye nezvimwe kukosha, isu tinoshandisa iyo inozadza mucherechedzo, sezvatakatoita zvekuverenga zvekare.
Nekudaro, isu takaverenga tsika dzinodiwa dzezvinomwe zvehunhu hwemutero. Zvaizotora nguva yakawanda pane Calculator.
Chidzidzo: Maitiro Ekuchinja Yemhando Yemhando muExcel
Nzira 2: Kuverenga kwemutero kubva kune huwandu neVat
Asi pane zviitiko apo huwandu hweVat kubva kuhuwandu hunofanirwa kuverengerwa kutaurira mutero kubva kune iyo huwandu umo mutero uyu watoverengerwa. Ipapo iyo yekuverenga fomu inotaridzika seizvi:
"Vat" = "huwandu neVat" / 118% x 18%
Ngatione kuti kuverenga uku kunogona kuitwa sei kuburikidza nekuwedzera maturusi. Muchirongwa ichi, iyo nzira yekuverenga ichave neye inotevera fomu:
= Nhamba / 118% * 18%
Sekupokana, iyo "nhamba" ndiyo inozivikanwa kukosha kwemutengo wezvinhu pamwe nemutero.
Semuenzaniso wekuverenga, tora tafura imwe chete yakafanana. Chete zvino mairi zvichazadzwa nekhimendi "huwandu neVat", uye kukosha kwemakoramu "VAT" uye "Mutero" Tifanira kuverenga. Isu tinofungidzira kuti masero cell atove akaumbwa mumari kana manhamba emhando nezviratidzo zviviri, kuti isu tirege kuita maitiro aya.
- Isu tinogadza iyo inotsemura muchitokisi chekutanga chekisimusi ine data rinodiwa. Isu tinopinda iyo formula imomo (= nhamba / 118% * 18%) nenzira imwecheteyo yakashandiswa nenzira yapfuura. Ndokunge, tiratidziro yechiratidzo, tinoisa chinongedzo kuchitokisi chinoenderana nezvekukosha kwezvinhu nemutero, uyezve nekhibhodi yekuwedzera kutaura "/ 118% * 18%" pasina makotesheni. Kwedu, zvakazotevera kupinda uku:
= C3 / 118% * 18%
Mukupinda kwakataurwa, zvichienderana nezvakaitika uye nzvimbo yedata yekuisa pane iyo exel pepa, chinongedzo cheSero chinogona kuchinjwa.
- Mushure meizvozvo, tinya pane iyo Enter bhatani. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaverengerwa. Kupfuurirazve, sezvazvakaita nenzira yekare, uchishandisa kushandiswa kwekuzadza mucherechedzo, teedzera formula kune mamwe masero emutsara. Sezvauri kuona, zvese zvinodiwa kukosha zvinoverengerwa.
- Zvino isu tinofanirwa kuverenga huwandu husina kubhadhara mutero, ndiko kuti, iyo mutero. Mukupesana nenzira yapfuura, ichi chiratidzo hachina kuverengerwa nekuwedzera, asi kana uchishandisa kubvisa. Kune izvi iwe unofanirwa kubva kune huwandu hwakazara hwekukosha kwemutero pachako.
Saka, isu tinoisa iyo inotsemura muchitokisi chekutanga cheiyo mutero wenhau. Mushure me "=" Sign, isu tinogadzira kuiswa kwedata kubva kuchitokisi chekutanga cheVat kuenzana kweiyo kukosha kwechinhu chekutanga cheVat cumn. Muenzaniso wedu, uku kuratidzwa pano:
= C3-B3
Kuratidza mhedzisiro, usakanganwa kudzvanya iyo Enter Key.
- Mushure meizvozvo, nenzira yakajairwa ichishandisa iyo inozadza mucherechedzo, teedzera chinongedzo kune zvimwe zvinhu zvekhoramu.
Basa racho rinogona kuongororwa.
Nzira 3: Kuverenga kwemitero yemitero kubva kune mutero
Kazhinji kazhinji kuverenga huwandu pamwe neyekutengesa mutengo, kuve nekukosha kweiyo mutero base. Izvi hazvidi kuverenga huwandu hwekubhadhara kwemitero pachako. Iyo yekuverenga nzira inogona kumiririrwa mune ino fomu:
"Mari ine VAT" = "Mutero Base" + "Mutero Base" x 18%
Unogona kurerutsa formula:
"Mari ine VAT" = "Mutero Base" x 118%
Mukurarama, zvichataridzika seizvi:
= Nhamba * 118%
Kupokana "nhamba" inhamba inobhadharwa.
Semuenzaniso, tora tafura imwe chete iyoyo, chete pasina "Vatya" ikholamu, nekuti hazvingadikanwa nekuverenga uku. Vakakurumbira vanokoshesa vachave vari muTero bhatiri chikamu, uye chaunoda - muColumn "huwandu neVT".
- Sarudza iyo yekutanga cell yekisimusi neiyo inodiwa data. Isu tinoisa ipapo chiratidzo "=" uye kutaura nezvechitokisi chekutanga chebhatiri remutero. Mushure meizvozvo, isu tinosuma chirevo pasina mazwi "* 118%". Mune zvatakaita nyaya, kutaura kwakawanikwa:
= A3 * 118%
Kuratidza mhedzisiro panhamba, tinya pane bhatani rePetin.
- Mushure meizvozvo, isu tinoshandisa iyo yekuzadza mucherechedzo uye ita kopi yeiyo yakambosvitswa formula kune huwandu hwese hwekisimusi ine zvinyorwa zvevanoverengerwa.
Nekudaro, huwandu hwemutengo wezvinhu, kusanganisira mutero, wakaverengerwa tsika dzese.
Nzira 4: Kuverenga kweiyo mutero base kubva kuhuwandu hwemutero
Izvo zvakanyanya kushoma kuverenga iyo mutero base kubva pamubhadharo nemutero wakabatanidzwa mariri. Zvakangodaro, kuwanda uku hakuna kujairika, saka tichazvifungisisawo.
Fomula yekuverengera iyo mutero base kubva pamubhadharo, uko mutero watoverengerwa, zvinoita kunge izvi:
"Mutero Base" = "huwandu neVat" / 118%
MuBudiriro, iyi formula ichatora iyi mhando:
= nhamba / 118%
Sechikamu che "nhamba", kukosha kwekukosha kwezvinhu zviri kuenderana nemutero.
Zvekuverenga, isu tinoshandisa chaizvo tafura imwe chete, nguva ino chete, iyo data inozivikanwa ichave iri muColumn "huwandu neVat", uye iyo yekuverengera bhatiri.
- Isu tinoburitsa kugoverwa kwechinhu chekutanga chechikamu chemutero. Mushure mechiratidzo "=" Pinda izvo zvinongedzo zvechitokisi chekutanga cheimwe ikholamu. Mushure meizvozvo, isu tinosuma chirevo "/ 118%". Kuita kuverenga uye kubudiswa kwemhedzisiro pane iyo yekutarisa, unogona kudzvanya iyo Enter Entery kiyi. Mushure meizvozvo, kukosha kwekutanga kwemutengo pasina mutero kuchaverengerwa.
- Kuti uverenge kuverenga muzvikamu zvevakarara, sezvazvakaita mune zvakapfuura, shandisa mucherechedzo wekuzadza.
Iye zvino tafura iyo iyo mutengo wezvinhu zvisina mutero unoverengwa pakarepo kune zvinomwe zvinzvimbo.
Chidzidzo: Shanda neFordelas muExcel
Sezvauri kuona, kuziva izvo zvekuverenga kukosha kwekuwedzera mutengo wakawedzerwa mutero uye zvakarondedzera zviratidzo, kuti utsungirire nebasa rekuverenga kwavo muExcel. Chaizvoizvo, kuverenga algorithithm pachayo, kutaura idi, haina kunyanya kusiyana pakuverengera pane iyo yakajairwa Calculator. Asi, kuvhiya kuri muiyo yakataurwa tabular processor ine imwe insisputable mukana pamusoro peCalculator. Iyo iri muchokwadi kuti kuverenga kwemazana emazana emhando hakutore nguva yakareba kupfuura kuverenga kwechiratidzo chimwe. MuExcel, chaiko kweminiti, mushandisi anokwanisa kugadzira kuverenga kwemitero pamazana nekuchinja kwechimiro chakadai seyakafa yedata. wachi. Mukuwedzera, muExcel, iwe unogona kugadzirisa kuverenga nekuzvichengetedza nefaira rakasiyana.