Amakipe yibanze ya Linux muri terminal

Amabwiriza yibanze ya Linux muri terminal

Kugereranya na Windows, Linux ifite amategeko yihariye kubikorwa byoroshye kandi byihuse muri sisitemu y'imikorere. Ariko niba murwego rwa mbere twita ibikorwa cyangwa gukora igikorwa kuva "umuyobozi kumurongo" (CMD), hanyuma muri sisitemu ya kabiri yibikorwa bikozwe muri emulantar. Mubyukuri, "terminal" na "umurongo" ni ikintu kimwe.

Urutonde rwamakipe muri "Terminal" linux

Kubaherutse gutangira kumenyana numurongo wa sisitemu y'imikorere yumuryango wa Linux, reka turebe igitabo cyingenzi buri mukoresha akeneye. Menya ko ibikoresho nibikoresho biterwa na "terminal" byabanjirije igabana rya linux kandi ntukakeneye kubanziriza.

Ubuyobozi bwa dosiye

Muri sisitemu y'imikorere yose, ntabwo ari imikoranire hamwe nimiterere itandukanye ya dosiye. Abakoresha benshi bakoreshwa mugukoresha dosiye kuri izo ntego, ifite igikonoshwa. Ariko manipulation imwe, ndetse nibindi byinshi kurutonde, urashobora gukoresha ukoresheje amakipe yihariye.

Ls - igufasha kureba ibikubiye mububiko bukora. Ifite amahitamo abiri: -l - yerekana ibirimo nkurutonde hamwe nibisobanuro, -a - byerekana dosiye zihishe na sisitemu.

Injangwe - yerekana ibiri muri dosiye yagenwe. Kubanjiza imirongo, amahitamo -n arasabwa.
CD - ikoreshwa mukwimuka mubuyobozi bukora kuri imwe. Iyo utangiye, udafite amahitamo yinyongera, akinjizwa mumizi.
PWD - ikora kugirango hamenyekane ububiko bwubu.
Mkdir - Kurema Ububiko bushya mububiko bwubu.
Dosiye - yerekana amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye dosiye.

Cp - nkenerwa gukoporora ububiko cyangwa dosiye. Mugihe wongeyeho amahitamo, ihinduka kuri kopi yo gusubirwamo. Ihitamo -Ubika ibiranga inyandiko hiyongereyeho amahitamo yabanjirije.
MV - Yakoreshejwe Kwimuka cyangwa Gusubiramo Ububiko / Idosiye.
RM - Gusiba dosiye cyangwa ububiko. Iyo ikoreshwa idafite amahitamo, gukuraho bibaho burundu. Kwimukira mu gitebo, andika -r.
Ln - Gukora umurongo kuri dosiye.
Chmod - ihindura uburenganzira (gusoma, gufata amajwi, guhindura ...). Irashobora gukoreshwa kuri buri mukoresha.
Chown - igufasha guhindura nyirubwite. Kuboneka gusa kuri superser (umuyobozi).

ICYITONDERWA: Kugira ngo habone uburenganzira bwa super sumuseke (Uburenganzira bw'Uburenganzira), ugomba kwinjiza "Sudo Su" mbere yo gukora itegeko (nta magambo).

Shakisha - yagenewe gushakisha dosiye muri sisitemu. Bitandukanye no kubona itegeko, ubushakashatsi bwikorerwa murivuguruwe.
DD - birakoreshwa mugihe ukora kopi ya dosiye no guhinduka kwabo.
Shakisha - gushakisha inyandiko nububiko kuri sisitemu. Ifite amahitamo menshi ushobora guhinduranya gushiraho ibipimo byo gushakisha.

Umusozi-Umounth - Byakoreshejwe Kuri sisitemu ya dosiye. Hamwe nubufasha bwayo, sisitemu irashobora kuzimwa no guhuza. Gukoresha ukeneye kugirango ubone uburenganzira bwumuzi.
Du - yerekana urugero rwa dosiye / ububiko. IHitamo -H Ikora Guhindura imiterere isomeka, -s - yerekana amakuru ahinnye, na -d - ashyiraho uburebure bwo kwinjira muri kataloge.
DF - Gusesengura umwanya wa disiki, kukwemerera kumenya umubare wibisigaye kandi byuzuye. Ifite amahitamo menshi akwemerera kubaka amakuru yabonetse.

Kora hamwe ninyandiko

Kwinjira mumategeko muri terminal isabana itaziguye na dosiye, vuba cyangwa nyuma uzakenera guhindura muri bo. Amategeko akurikira akoreshwa mugukorana ninyandiko zanditse:

Ibindi - Emerera kureba inyandiko idashyizwe mukarere k'umurima wakazi. Mugihe habuze kuzunguruka kwa terminal, imikorere igezweho ikoreshwa.

Grep - gushakisha inyandiko ku cyitegererezo.
Umutwe, umurizo - Ikipe ya mbere ishinzwe ibisohoka mumirongo mito yambere yo gutangira inyandiko (cap), icya kabiri -
Yerekana imirongo iheruka mu nyandiko. Mburabuzi, imirongo 10 irerekanwa. Urashobora guhindura ubwinshi ukoresheje -n na -f imikorere.
Gutondeka - Byakoreshejwe Kuri Gutondekanya imirongo. Kuruhura, amahitamo -n arakoreshwa, kugirango utondeke hejuru kugeza hasi - -r.
Diff - kugereranya no kwerekana itandukaniro mu nyandiko yanditse (umurongo).
WC - Reba amagambo, imirongo, bytes nibimenyetso.

Gucunga inzira

Gukoresha igihe kirekire kuri OS kumasomo imwe bigutera isura yubwinshi bwibikorwa bifatika birashobora kwiyongera cyane imikorere ya mudasobwa kugeza kuba bitazanoza gukora.

Ibi bintu birashobora gukosorwa byoroshye, kurangiza inzira zidakenewe. Amategeko akurikira akoreshwa muri sisitemu ya linux kuriyi ntego:

PS, PGREP - Itegeko rya mbere ryerekana amakuru yose ajyanye nuburyo bukora bwa sisitemu ("-E" yerekana inzira imwe), ibya kabiri byerekana inzira imwe yingirakamaro nyuma yumukoresha.

Kwica - kurangiza inzira ya pid.
Xkill - Ukanze kuri Idirishya Idirishya -
Irangiza.
Pkill - Uzuza inzira mwizina rye.
Killall arangiza inzira zose zikora.
Hejuru, HPTO - ishinzwe kwerekana inzira no gusaba kanseri ya sisitemu. Htop irakunzwe cyane muri iki gihe.
Igihe - cyerekana "terminal" ecran yamakuru mugihe cyo gukora neza.

Abakoresha Ibidukikije

Amakipe yingenzi ntabwo akubiyemo gusa akwemerera gukorana nibice bigize sisitemu, ariko kandi ukora imirimo myinshi idahwitse itanga byoroshye mugihe ukora kuri mudasobwa.

Itariki - yerekana itariki nigihe mumiterere itandukanye (amasaha 12, amasaha 24), ukurikije amahitamo.

Alias - Emerera kugabanya itegeko cyangwa kurema kimwe, gukora imwe cyangwa urudodo mumabwiriza menshi.
UNAME - itanga amakuru kubyerekeye izina ryakazi rya sisitemu.
Sudo, Sudo Su - iyambere itangira gahunda mwizina ryumwe mubakoresha sisitemu y'imikorere. Icya kabiri - mu izina rya supersusser.
Gusinzira - bisobanura mudasobwa muburyo bwo gusinzira.
Guhagarika - kuzimya mudasobwa ako kanya, ihitamo -h igufasha kuzimya mudasobwa mugihe cyagenwe.
Reboot - Ongera usubiremo mudasobwa. Urashobora kwerekana igihe runaka cyo gusubiramo ukoresheje amahitamo yihariye.

Gucunga Umukoresha

Mugihe umuntu umwe akorera kuri mudasobwa imwe, ariko bake, noneho uburyo bwiza buzakora abakoresha benshi. Ariko, birakenewe kumenya amategeko yo gusabana na buri kimwe muri byo.

Koresha umukoresha, umukoresha, ukoresha - Ongeraho, usibe, uhindure konte yabakoresha, ukurikirana.
Passwd - ikora kugirango uhindure ijambo ryibanga. Gutangira mu izina rya Sudo (Sudo su mu ntangiriro yitegeko) igufasha gusubiramo ijambo ryibanga rya konti zose.

Reba inyandiko

Nta mukoresha ushoboye kwibuka agaciro k'amategeko yose muri sisitemu cyangwa aho dosiye zose zikoreshwa na gahunda, ariko bitatu byoroshye amategeko bitazibagirana birashobora kuza kubitabara:

WISITE - yerekana inzira igana dosiye zikoreshwa.
Umugabo - yerekana ubufasha cyangwa igitabo cyemewe, gikoreshwa mumabwiriza ukoresheje impapuro zizina rimwe.

Twolologue hejuru yacyo yavuzwe, ariko, ibi bikoreshwa mu kwerekana ibice byemeza.

Gucunga urusobe

Gushiraho interineti no mugihe kizaza neza gukora neza kugirango uhindure imiterere yumuyoboro, ugomba kumenya byibuze bimwe na bimwe bishinzwe aya mategeko.

IP - Gushiraho Urusobe rwa Networks, Reba ibyambu bya IP. Mugihe wongeyeho ikiranga -show yerekana ibintu byubwoko bwihariye nkurutonde, amakuru yerekanwe arerekanwa hamwe na -Help ikiranga.
Ping - Gusuzuma Guhuza Urusobe rwa Network (Router, Router, Modem, nibindi). Raporo kandi amakuru ku ireme ry'itumanaho.

Nethogs - Gutanga amakuru kubakoresha kubyerekeye imodoka. Ikiranga -i yerekana interineti.
Tracerout ni analogue yitegeko rya ping, ariko muburyo bunoze. Yerekana umuvuduko wo gutanga amakuru kuri buri Node kandi ugatanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye inzira yuzuye ya paki.

Umwanzuro

Kumenya amategeko yavuzwe haruguru, ndetse na Newbie, washyizeho sisitemu gusa ishingiye kuri Linux, izashobora gusabana nayo rwose, ikemura neza imirimo yashizweho. Urebye, birasa nkaho urutonde rugoye cyane kwibuka, ariko, hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa itegeko cyangwa ikindi, intera izabera murwibutso, kandi hazabaho buri gihe amabwiriza yatanzwe natwe ntazakenera.