Ibidukikije Bihinduka muri Linux

Ibidukikije bihinduka kuri sisitemu yo gukoresha linux yita kuri sisitemu yingirakamaro yitwa impinduka zirimo amakuru yinyandiko ikoreshwa nizindi gahunda mugihe cyo gutangiza. Mubisanzwe, birimo ibipimo rusange bya sisitemu yo gushushanya no gushushanya, amakuru kumiterere yumukoresha, aho dosiye zimwe nazo nibindi byinshi nibindi byinshi nibindi byinshi. Indangagaciro zihinduka zerekanwa, kurugero, imibare, ibimenyetso, inzira zo kububiko cyangwa dosiye. Urakoze kuri ibi, porogaramu nyinshi zihita ubona uburyo bwihariye, kimwe nubushobozi bwo guhindura cyangwa gukora amahitamo mashya kubakoresha.

Gukorana nibidukikije bihinduka muri linux

Mugice cyiyi ngingo, turashaka kugira ingaruka kumakuru yibanze kandi yingirakamaro, ajyanye nibidukikije bihinduka. Byongeye kandi, tuzagaragaza uburyo bwo kubibona, guhinduka, gukora no gusiba. Kumenyana nuburyo nyamukuru bizafasha abakoresha banditse kwiyobora mubuyobozi bwibikoresho bisa no gukemura agaciro kabo muri os kugabura. Mbere yo gutangira isesengura ryibipimo byingenzi, ndashaka kuvuga kubigabana mumasomo. Itsinda nk'iryo risobanurwa ku buryo bukurikira:

1. Sisitemu ihinduka. Amahitamo ahita yikorerwa mugitangira sisitemu y'imikorere, yabitswe muri dosiye zimwe na zimwe zo kuboneza), ndetse no kubijyanye nabakoresha bose hamwe na OS yose muri rusange. Mubisanzwe ibipimo nkibi bifatwa nkibyingenzi kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mugihe cyo gutangira porogaramu zitandukanye.
2. Impinduka zifatika. Buri mukoresha afite ububiko bwurugo aho ibintu byose byingenzi bibitswe, umukoresha wabo bihinduka dosiye ziboneza dosiye zirimo. Kuva mu izina ryabo birasobanutse ko bakoreshwa mu mukoresha runaka mugihe cyemewe binyuze muri "Terminal" yaho. Bakora iyo bahujwe kure.
3. Impinduka zaho. Hano hari ibipimo bikoreshwa mugihe kimwe. Iyo birangiye, bizahora bakurwaho iteka kandi byose bizagomba kuremwa n'intoki kugirango wongere utangire. Ntabwo bakijijwe muri dosiye kugiti cye, kandi baremwe, bagahindurwa no gusibwa bakoresheje amategeko akwiye ya konsole.

Iboneza rya dosiye kubitabo byafashwe na sisitemu

Nkuko usanzwe uzi ibisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru, bibiri mubyiciro bitatu bya linux bibitswe muri dosiye zitandukanye aho iboneza rusange hamwe nibipimo byinyongera byegeranijwe. Buri kintu nkicyo cyapakiwe gusa mubihe bibereye kandi bikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye. Ukwayo, ndashaka gutanga ibintu nkibi:

• / Etc / umwirondoro nimwe muri sisitemu ya sisitemu. Kuboneka kubakoresha bose na sisitemu yose, nubwo byinjira kure. Kububiko gusa - ibipimo ntibyemewe mugihe ufunguye ibisanzwe "terminal", ni ukuvuga aha hantu, nta ndangagaciro ziva muri iyi mbogamizi zizakora.
• / Etc / ibidukikije - anAlogue nini ya iboneza mbere. Irakora kurwego rwa sisitemu, ifite amahitamo amwe nka dosiye yabanjirije, ariko ubu nta mbogamizi nubwo byose hamwe nihuza rya kure.
• /Etc/bash.bashrc - Idosiye gusa ikoreshwa ryaho, kumwanya wa kure cyangwa guhuza ukoresheje interineti ntibizakora. Byakozwe kuri buri mukoresha ukundi mugihe ukora inama nshya.
• .Bashrc kumukoresha runaka, ibitswe mububiko bwurugo kandi buga buri gihe nyuma ya terminal ni shyashya.
• .Bash_profile ni kimwe no .bashrc, gusa kubikorwa bya kure, kurugero, mugihe ukoresha ssh.

Urutonde rwa sisitemu yibanze nibidukikije bifatika

Ndashimira amabwiriza yavuzwe haruguru, ubu uzi uburyo wahitamo vuba ibipimo byose byubu n'indangagaciro zabo. Iguma gusa guhangana nibyingenzi. Witondere ibintu nk'ibi:

• De. Izina ryuzuye - Ibidukikije bya desktop. Ikubiyemo izina ryibidukikije biriho bya desktop. Muri sisitemu yo gukora, ibishishwa bitandukanye bikoreshwa kuri kernel ya linux, bityo porogaramu ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa niki gikora ubu. Ibi bifasha impinduka de. Urugero rwindangagaciro zayo - Gnome, mint, kde, nibindi.
• Inzira - Sobanura urutonde rwububiko aho gushakisha dosiye zitandukanye. Kurugero, munsi yumurimo wa rimwe mumategeko yo gushakisha no kubona ibintu, bavuga kuri ubu bubiko kugirango bashake vuba kandi wohereze dosiye zikoreshwa hamwe nimpaka zihariye.
• Igikonoshwa - Komeza amahitamo yo gupimana. Ibishishwa nkibi byemerera umukoresha kwigenga kwandika inyandiko zimwe hanyuma ukore inzira zitandukanye ukoresheje syntaxes. Bash ifatwa nkigikonoshwa gikunzwe cyane. Urutonde rwandi mategeko asanzwe yo kumenyera turashobora kuboneka muyindi ngingo kumurongo ukurikira.

Iyo nkiyi yongeyeho ibipimo byose byaho mumubare utagira imipaka, ni ngombwa kwibuka gusa kubintu nyamukuru byibikorwa byabo.

Kongeramo no gusiba impinduka zubusanzwe

Twahinduye amasomo yo mu ishuri ibitswe muri dosiye iboneza, kandi uhereye kuri ibi bishyuha kuba ugomba guhindura amadosiye ubwabo. Ibi bikorwa ukoresheje inyandiko iyo ari yo yose.

1. Fungura iboneza ukoresha binyuze muri Sudo Geedit .bashrc. Turasaba gukoresha umwanditsi ushushanyije hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera, kurugero, geetit. Ariko, urashobora kwerekana undi wese, kurugero, vi cyangwa nano.



2. Ntiwibagirwe ko mugihe utangiye itegeko mu izina rya supersusser, uzakenera kwinjiza ijambo ryibanga.



3. Iyo dosiye irangiye, ongeraho kohereza hanze var = umugozi wagaciro. Umubare wibipimo nkibi ntabwo ugarukira kubintu byose. Mubyongeyeho, urashobora guhindura agaciro k'ibihinduka umaze kuboneka.



4. Nyuma yo guhindura, ubikize kandi ufunge dosiye.



5. Ivugurura ry'iboneza rizabaho nyuma yuko dosiye itangiye, kandi bikorwa ukoresheje isoko .bashrc.



6. Urashobora kugenzura ibikorwa bya variable ukoresheje echo imwe $ var.

Niba utamenyereye ibisobanuro byiki cyiciro cyimihindagurikire mbere yo guhindura, menya neza gusoma amakuru mu ntangiriro yingingo. Ibi bizafasha kwirinda andi makosa nigikorwa cyibipimo byinjiye bifite aho bigarukira. Nko gukuraho ibipimo, bibaho no muri dosiye iboneza. Birahagije gukuramo rwose umugozi cyangwa ibisobanuro kuri yo wongeyeho mugitangiriro cyikimenyetso #.

Gushiraho no gukuraho ibidukikije bya sisitemu

Biracyariho gusa kugira ingaruka ku cyiciro cya gatatu cyimpinduka - sisitemu. Hindura gukora ibi bizaba / etc / umwirondoro wa dosiye, bikomeza gukora nubwo bihuriye na kure, kurugero, binyuze mumuyobozi uzwi. Gufungura ibintu byiboneza bikorwa muburyo bumwe nko muri verisiyo ibanza:

1. Muri Console, andika Sudo Gedit / Etc / Umwirondoro.



2. Kora impinduka zose zikenewe hanyuma ubikize ukanze kuri buto ikwiye.



3. Ongera utangire ikintu ukoresheje isoko / etc / umwirondoro.



4. Kurangiza, reba imikorere ukoresheje echo $ var.

Impinduka muri dosiye zizakizwa na nyuma yo kongera kwishyura isomo, kandi buri mukoresha no gusaba bizashobora kubona amakuru mashya nta kibazo.

Nubwo amakuru yatanzwe uyumunsi asa nkaho akugoye cyane, turabasaba cyane kubisobanukirwa kandi twumva ibintu byinshi bishoboka. Gushyira ibikoresho nkibi os bizafasha kwirinda gukusanya dosiye yinyongera kuri buri porogaramu, kuko bose bazagera kubihinduka. Iratanga kandi uburinzi kubipimo byose no kubashyira mumatsinda ahantu hamwe. Niba ushimishijwe nibidukikije bikoreshwa gato, reba ibyangombwa bya Linux.