Muri sisitemu yo gukora ukurikije Kornel ya Linux, hari igikoresho cyubuyobozi kigufasha kugabana uburenganzira hagati ya konti. Ibi ni kubuza kubona dosiye zihariye, ububiko cyangwa porogaramu. Hariho ubwoko butatu bwuburenganzira busa - gusoma, kwandika no kwicwa. Umuntu wese muribo arashobora guhinduka ukundi munsi ya buri mukoresha yiyandikishije muri OS ukoresheje ibikoresho bidasanzwe. Ibikurikira bizafatwa nkuburyo bubiri bwo kuboneza.
Kugena uburenganzira kuri Linux
Uburyo busuzumye muri iki gihe bubereye kugaburira kwa linux, kubera ko ari rusange. Nuburyo bumwe bwa mbere bwo kutaboneka kubakoresha badafite umuyobozi wa dosiye ihamye, kandi sisitemu yo gucunga neza binyuze muri konsole. Muri uru rubanza, duhita dusaba guhindura amahitamo ya kabiri, aho ibikorwa bya chmod bisobanurwa birambuye. Abandi bakoresha basabana na sisitemu ya sisitemu ishushanyije, turagugira inama yo kwishyura umwanya muburyo bumwe, kuko bafite uburyo butandukanye bwo kubona.Mbere yo gutangira inzira, menya neza ko sisitemu ifite umubare ukenewe wabakoresha. Niba uzi ko hazabaho abantu benshi bagera kuri mudasobwa, ugomba gukora konti yawe bwite, hanyuma ukajya gushyiraho uburenganzira bwo kubona uburenganzira. Ubuyobozi burambuye kuriyi ngingo murashobora kubisanga mubindi biganiro ukurikije umurongo ukurikira.
Birumvikana ko igenamiterere rihari muri dosiye umuyobozi igufasha vuba kandi nta kibazo gihindura uburenganzira bwo kubona ibintu, ariko rimwe na rimwe urutonde rwimikorere ihagije, kandi abakoresha bamwe bakeneye iboneza ritoroshye, kandi abakoresha bamwe bakeneye iboneza byoroshye. Mubihe nkibi, turasaba kuvugana nuburyo bukurikira.
Uburyo 2: Ikipe ya ChMod
Abakoresha bafite yaraje hakurya kurangiza imirimo runaka mu systems ikorera ku Linux, kuba uzi ko abenshi muri bo ibikorwa byose bifatwa mu console classic hakoreshejwe amategeko atandukanye. Guhindura uburenganzira bwo kubona dosiye nububiko ntibyari byoroshye kandi bifite akamaro kuriyi zubatswe-muburyo bwa chmod.
Chmod syntax
Buri tegeko rifite syntax ryayo - urutonde rwamahitamo nibipimo byanditse muburyo bwihariye kugirango ugaragaze ibikorwa bikenewe. Noneho ibikurikira byinjiza bizaba nkibi: chmod + amahitamo + uburenganzira + izina ryikintu kuri yo. Ibisobanuro birambuye kuburyo bwo gukoresha chmod, soma muri konsole. Urashobora kuyiyobora unyuze kuri menu cyangwa Ctrl + Alt + T urufunguzo.
Muri terminal, ugomba kwiyandikisha ChMod - hanyuma ukande kurutonde rwa Enter. Nyuma yibyo, ibyangombwa byemewe kururimi rusanzwe bizerekanwa, bizafasha guhangana nibyingenzi byingirakamaro. Ariko turacyatanga ibisobanuro birambuye byamahitamo nuburenganzira.
Uburenganzira
Nkuko usanzwe uzi amakuru yavuzwe haruguru, hari ubwoko butatu bwuburenganzira muri Linux muri Linux - Gusoma, Kwandika no Kwicwa. Buri kimwe muri byo gifite inyuguti zayo muri chmod, zigomba gukoreshwa mugihe ukorana nitsinda.
- R - gusoma;
- w - gufata amajwi;
- x - kwicwa;
- S - kwicwa mu izina rya supersusser. Ubu burenganzira burahitamo kandi bugaragaza itangizwa rya gahunda hamwe na inyandiko kuva kuri konti nkuru (kuvuga hafi binyuze mu itegeko rya Sudo).
Muburyo bwa mbere, biragaragara ko mumitungo yiboneza bigabanijwe kuri buri tsinda ryabakoresha. Babaho kandi bitatu kandi muri chmod biyemeje gutya:
- U ni nyirubwite;
- G - Itsinda;
- o - abandi bakoresha abakoresha;
- A - abakoresha bose bari hejuru.
Byongeye kandi, itsinda risuzumwa rifata icyemezo cyuburenganzira muburyo bwimibare. Imibare kuva 0 kugeza 7 isobanura ibipimo runaka:
- 0 - Nta burenganzira;
- 1 - Kwicwa wenyine;
- 2 - Andika gusa;
- 3 - Kwicwa no kwandika hamwe;
- 4 - gusoma wenyine;
- 5 - Gusoma no kwicwa;
- 6 - Gusoma no kwandika;
- 7 - Uburenganzira bwose hamwe.
Ibipimo byose ni kimwe kuri dosiye nubuyobozi bwamagukana. Mugihe cyo gutanga uburenganzira, ubanza kwerekana umubare wa nyirubwite, hanyuma kumatsinda kandi kumpera kubakoresha. Noneho agaciro kazabona igitekerezo, kurugero, 744 cyangwa 712. Umwe cyangwa benshi muri ubwo burenganzira bwinjiye nyuma yo kwandika amahitamo kubikoresho, bityo nabo bagomba kwigwa muburyo burambuye.
Amahitamo
Uburenganzira bugira uruhare runini mugihe dukoresheje itegeko rya chmod, ariko, amahitamo akwemerera gushiraho byoroshye mugushiraho ibipimo byinyongera. Amahitamo azwi cyane kumahitamo afite ubu bwoko:
- -C - Yerekana amakuru kubyerekeye impinduka zose nyuma yubuyobozi ikora;
- -F - Kuraho kwerekana imenyesha ryose ryamakosa;
- -V - Erekana amakuru yose nyuma yitegeko arakorwa;
- - Icyerekezo - hitamo mask yuburenganzira muri dosiye runaka;
- -R - Gukora Kwakirwa. Muri uru rubanza, uburenganzira bwagenwe buzakoreshwa kuri dosiye zose nububiko bwububiko bwihariye;
Noneho umenyereye syntax hamwe nimigambi nyamukuru yibikoresho byakoreshejwe uyumunsi bita chmod. Biracyamenyereye gusa amakuru yinyongera, yo koroshya inzira yo guhindura uburenganzira, kimwe no kwiga ingero zizwi cyane yitsinda.
Ibikorwa byinyongera
Kuzamura uburyo bworoshye bwakazi muri terminal, umukoresha azakenera gukoresha andi mategeko menshi ahitamo gukurikiranwa. Kurugero, nyuma yo gutangira, urashobora kwandikisha CD / Urugo / Umukoresha / Ububiko / Urugo / Umukoresha / Umukoresha / Ububiko ninzira yibanze kububiko bukenewe. Nyuma yo gukora iri tegeko, hazabaho kwimuka mububiko bwihariye nibikorwa byose byakurikiyeho bizakorwa binyuze muri yo. Rero, gukenera kwinjiza inzira yuzuye kuri dosiye cyangwa ububiko mugihe kizaza (birumvikana, niba biherereye aho inzibacyuho).
Ntibishoboka kutamamaza LS itegeko hamwe na the -l. Ibi bifatika bigufasha kureba igenamiterere ryubu kugirango ubone uburenganzira kubintu. Kurugero, ibisubizo -Rw-rw-yerekana ko nyirubwite azashobora gusoma no guhindura dosiye, itsinda ribikora, nabandi bakoresha gusa. (Amabwiriza yose yubahiriza uburenganzira bwo kubona bwasobanuwe haruguru). Ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye ibikorwa byitsinda rya LS muri Linux bibwirwa mubindi biganiro ukurikije umurongo ukurikira.
Soma kandi: ingero za LS itegeko muri linux
Ingero z'itsinda
Hanyuma, ndashaka kuzana ingero zimwe zo gukoresha imyitozo kugirango abakoresha batagifite ikibazo kijyanye na syntax yitsinda nibisabwa. Witondere imirongo nk'iyi:
- Chmod a + r dosiye_name - ongeraho uburenganzira bwose bwo gusoma dosiye;
- Chmod a-x dosiye_Name - fata uburenganzira bwo gukora ikintu;
- Chmod a + r dosiye_name - Ongeraho gusoma no kwandika uburenganzira;
- Chmod -r U + W, GO-W-Ububiko - Kwina - Gusaba Kwakira (Ushinzwe Ubuyobozi bwayo), Ongeraho uburenganzira bwo Kwandikira Nyir'ubwite no Gusiba uburenganzira bwo kwandika
Nkuko mubibona, ibimenyetso + na - bisobanura kongera cyangwa gukora uburenganzira. Bamenyeshwa hamwe namahitamo nuburenganzira butagira umwanya, hanyuma dosiye yitwa cyangwa inzira yuzuye.
Uyu munsi wamenye uburyo bubiri bwo gushyiraho uburenganzira muri OS bushingiye kuri kernel ya Linux. Uburyo bwashyizwe ku rutonde ni rusange kandi bubereye kugabura byose. Mbere yo gukora buri tegeko, turagugira inama yo kumenya neza ko atari muburyo bwuzuye bwa syntax gusa, ahubwo n'amazina ya dosiye n'inzira kuri bo.
Reba kandi: Amabwiriza akoreshwa kenshi muri terminal linux