Guhangana muri Excel: 6 Inzira zagaragaye

Guhangana nikintu cyingenzi cyane murwego runaka rwibikorwa, kuva mubukungu no kurangira hamwe nubwubatsi. Hano hari umubare munini wa software kabuhariwe muri iki cyerekezo. Kubwamahirwe, ntabwo abakoresha bose bazi ko gutunganya Excel asanzwe bafite ibikoresho bya excel Excel birimo guhanura, ibyo bikaba muburyo bukomeye kubaruta gahunda zumwuga. Reka tumenye ubwoko bwibikoresho, nuburyo bwo gukora prognose mubikorwa.

Uburyo bwiza

Intego yo guhanura ni ukumenya icyerekezo cyubu, nubusobanuro bwibisubizo byagenewe bijyanye nikintu cyizwe mugihe runaka mugihe kizaza.

Uburyo 1: umurongo

Imwe mumoko azwi cyane ya plation muri Excele ni kooxational yakozwe yubaka umurongo.

Reka tugerageze guhanura umubare winyungu yisosiyete nyuma yimyaka 3 hashingiwe ku makuru kuri iki cyerekezo kumyaka 12 ishize.

1. Turimo kubaka gahunda ishingiye kumakuru ya pular agizwe n'impaka nindangagaciro. Kugirango ukore ibi, hitamo ahantu hahanamye, hanyuma, mugihe muri tab "shyiramo", kanda kumashusho yubwoko bwifuzwa, buri mumodoka "Imbonerahamwe". Noneho hitamo ubwoko bukwiye kubibazo runaka. Nibyiza guhitamo igishushanyo. Urashobora guhitamo ikindi kintu, ariko rero amakuru arerekanwa neza, ugomba guhindura, byumwihariko, ukureho umurongo wo gutongana hanyuma ugahitamo ikindi gipimo cya horizontal axis.



2. Ubu dukeneye kubaka umurongo. Turatanga kanda iburyo-kanda kuri buri ngingo zishushanyije. Muri menu ikora, uhagarika guhitamo kuri "ongeraho umurongo.



3. Idirishya ryumurongo uhindura. Irashobora guhitamo bumwe muburyo butandatu bwo kugereranya:
   • Umurongo;
   • Logarithmic;
   • Exponential;
   • Imbaraga;
   • Polinomial;
   • Guhuza umurongo.

   Reka tubanze duhitemo umurongo ugereranya umurongo.

   Muri igenamiterere rya "Iteganyagihe" rihagarara muri "imbere", twashizeho umubare "3.0", nkuko dukeneye gutanga ibyahanuwe mumyaka itatu mbere. Byongeye kandi, urashobora kwinjizamo amatiku hafi yigenamiterere "Erekana ikigereranyo ku gishushanyo" kandi "shyira agaciro kagaciro kagereranijwe (R ^ 2)" ku gishushanyo. Ikimenyetso cyanyuma cyerekana ubwiza bwumurongo. Nyuma yo gukora igenamiterere, kanda kuri buto "Gufunga".



4. Umurongo wimpande zubatswe kandi dushobora kumenya inyungu zigereranijwe mumyaka itatu. Nkuko tubibona, muri kiriya gihe agomba guhindura mu bihumbi 4500. R2 ikorana, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, byerekana ubuziranenge bwumurongo. Kuri twe, agaciro ka R2 ni 0.89. Hejuru cyane, hejuru yizewe kumurongo. Agaciro ntarengwa kabyo birashobora kuba kingana na 1. Byemezwa ko hamwe na 0.85 umurongo wumurongo wizewe.



5. Niba utanyuzwe nurwego rwo kwizerwa, urashobora gusubira mumirongo yumurongo wimodoka hanyuma uhitemo ubundi bwoko bwo kugereranya. Urashobora kugerageza amahitamo yose aboneka kugirango ubone neza.

   

   Twabibutsa ko hagiraho icyaha cyiza ukoresheje extrapolation binyuze kumurongo birashobora kuba mugihe igihe cyahanuwe kitarenze 30% yigihe cyasesenguwe. Ni ukuvuga, mugihe dusesenguye mugihe cyimyaka 12, ntidushobora gutanga ibyahanuwe kumyaka irenga 3-4. Ariko no muriki gihe, bizaba byizewe niba muri iki gihe, nta mbaraga zidasanzwe cyangwa ibinyuranye nibihe byiza bitari mubihe byashize.

Isomo: Uburyo bwo kubaka umurongo muri excel

Uburyo 2: Umukoresha

Extrapolation kumakuru ya pular arashobora gukorwa binyuze muburyo busanzwe bwahanuwe. Iyi mpaka ivuga icyiciro cyibikoresho byibarurishamibare kandi bifite syntax ikurikira:

= Guhanura (x; bizwi_ys_y; indangagaciro zizwi_x)

"X" ni impaka, agaciro k'imikorere ukeneye gusobanura. Ku bituho, nkimpaka zizaba umwaka utangara ugomba gukorwa.

"Indangagaciro zizwi y" - ishingiro ryimikorere izwi. Ku bitureba, mu nshingano ze, ubunini bw'inyungu kubihe byabanjirije.

"Indangagaciro zizwi X" ni impaka zihuye nindangagaciro zizwi zimikorere. Mu nshingano zabo, dufite umubare wimyaka, kugirango amakuru agenga inyungu zagenwe.

Mubisanzwe, nkimpaka ntabwo byanze bikunze ari igice cyigihe gito. Kurugero, barashobora kuba ubushyuhe, kandi imikorere yimikorere irashobora kuba urwego rwo kwagura amazi mugihe cyo gushyushya.

Mugihe cyo kubara ubu buryo, uburyo bwo gusubira inyuma bukoreshwa.

Reka dusesengure nibikoresho byo gusaba umukoresha kubw'urugero runaka. Fata ameza imwe. Tugomba kumenya inyungu ziteganijwe muri 2018.

1. Turagaragaza akagari kambaye kumpapuro aho ingaruka zitunganya ziteganijwe. Kanda kuri buto ya "Paste.



2. Umupfumu arakingura. Mu cyiciro "imibare" igenera izina "guhanura", hanyuma ukande kuri buto ya "OK".



3. Idirishya ritangira. Muri "x", tugaragaza agaciro k'impaka zigamije kuboneka. Muri iki kibazo cyacu ni 2018. Kubwibyo, tumenyekanisha inyandiko "2018". Ariko nibyiza kwerekana iki cyerekezo kiri muri kasho kurupapuro, kandi muri "X" umurima wa "x" utanga gusa. Ibi bizemerera ejo hazaza kugirango byitangire kubara kandi uhindure byoroshye umwaka.

   Muri "indangagaciro zizwi y" umurima, tugaragaza imirongo ya "Inyungu yunguka". Ibi birashobora gukorwa mugushiraho indanga mumurima, hanyuma uzamuka buto yimbeba yibumoso hanyuma ugaragaze inkingi ikwiye kurupapuro.

   Mu buryo nk'ubwo, muri "indangagaciro za X zizwi", tumenyekanisha aderesi y'umwaka ufite amakuru yigihe cyashize.

   Nyuma yamakuru yose akorwa, kanda kuri buto "OK".



4. Umukoresha Kubara ukurikije amakuru yinjiye kandi yerekana ibisubizo kuri ecran. Muri 2018, hateganijwe kunguka amafaranga agera kuri 4564.7. Dushingiye ku mbonerahamwe yavuyemo, dushobora kubaka gahunda ukoresheje ibikoresho by'imboneza y'imbonezahamwe byaganiriweho hejuru.



5. Niba uhinduye umwaka mu kagari wakoreshwaga mu kwinjira mu mpaka, ibisubizo bizahinduka uko bikwiye, kandi gahunda izahita ivugururwa. Kurugero, ukurikije iteganyagihe muri 2019, ingano yinyungu zizaba 4637.8 Amafaranga ibihumbi.

Ariko ntiwibagirwe ko, nko mukubaka umurongo, uburebure bwigihe kugeza igihe cyahanuwe kitagomba kurenga 30% byigihe cyose base base basenya.

Isomo: Extrapolation muri Excel

Uburyo 3: Icyerekezo

Guhanura, urashobora gukoresha ikindi gikorwa - icyerekezo. Yerekeza kandi ku cyiciro cyabakora rirubamari. Syntax yayo isa nigishushanyo cyibikoresho bya predic kandi bisa nkibi:

= Impengamico (indangagaciro zizwi_; indangagaciro zizwi_x; New_Dation_x; [Kumenyesha])

Nkuko tubibona, impaka "zizwi y indangagaciro" na "zizwi x zihuye nibintu bisa na presspot umukoresha wa prestpot, hamwe nimpaka zihuye na" x "yibikoresho byabanjirije. Byongeye kandi, icyerekezo gifite impaka zihoraho, ariko ntabwo ari itegeko kandi rikoreshwa gusa niba hari ibintu bihoraho.

Uyu mukoresha akoreshwa neza imbere yububiko bwo guterwa umurongo.

Reka turebe uko iki gikoresho kizakora byose hamwe namakuru amwe array. Kugereranya ibisubizo byabonetse, ingingo iteganya izagena 2019.

1. Dutanga izina ryakagari kugirango ryerekane ibisubizo no gukora imirimo ikorera muburyo busanzwe. Mu cyiciro "imibare" dusanga kandi itange izina "icyerekezo". Kanda kuri buto ya "OK".



2. Impaka zabakozi Idirishya Impengamiro irafungura. Muri "indangagaciro zizwi za Y" umurima, uburyo bwo guhuza inyungu za sosiyete bumaze gusobanurwa haruguru. Muri "indangagaciro zizwi X", andika aderesi yumwaka inkingi. Muri "indangagaciro nshya x" tra film twinjiza ihuriro n'Akagari, aho umubare wumwaka uri aho hateganijwe. Ku bitureba, ni 2019. Umurima "uhoraho" usige ubusa. Kanda kuri buto ya "OK".



3. Umukoresha utunganijwe amakuru kandi yerekana ibisubizo kuri ecran. Nkuko mubibona, umubare winyungu zahanuwe muri 2019, ubaze nuburyo bwo kwishingikiriza umurongo, bizaba nko kubara, 4637.8 Amafaranga ibihumbi.

Uburyo 4: Gukura

Indi mirimo ushobora guhanura muri Excele, ni izamuka ryabakoresha. Yerekeza kandi ku itsinda ryibarurishamibare ryibikoresho, ariko, bitandukanye nabanjirije iyi, ntabwo ikoresha uburyo bwo kwishingikiriza umurongo, ahubwo imurika. Syntax yiki gikoresho isa:

= Gukura (Indangagaciro zizwi_y; indangagaciro zizwi_x; New_Stations_x; [Kumenyesha]

Nkuko tubibona, ingingo zibi zirimo zasubiwemo neza ingingo zabigenewe, kugirango tutazahagarika igihe cya kabiri kubisobanuro byabo, ariko tuzahita dukomeza gukoresha iki gikoresho.

1. Tugenera ibisohoka akagari kandi mubisanzwe bitera imirimo yimikorere. Ku rutonde rwabakora imibare, turimo gushaka "imikurire", turayitanga hanyuma ukande kuri buto "OK".



2. Idirishya ryimikorere yagenwe rirakorwa. Twinjiye mu murima w'iyi idirishya amakuru asa rwose nuburyo twabinjije mu mpaka zifata idirishya. Nyuma yamakuru yatanzwe, kanda kuri buto ya "OK".



3. Ibisubizo byo gutunganya amakuru byerekanwe kuri monitor mumateka yagenwe. Nkuko tubibona, iki gisubizo ni 4682.1 amafaranga ibihumbi. Itandukaniro ryibisubizo byo gutunganya amakuru nubwitonzi budafite akamaro, ariko birahari. Ibi biterwa nuko ibikoresho bikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kubara: uburyo bwo kwishingikiriza umurongo nuburyo bwo kwizirikana.

Uburyo 5: umurongo wa OCRATOR

Umurongo wumurongo mugihe kubara bikoresha uburyo bwo kugereranya umurongo. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kwitiranya uburyo bwo kwishingikiriza umurongo bikoreshwa nigikoresho cyimikorere. Syntax yayo ifite ubwoko:

= Linene (indangagaciro zizwi_ya; indangagaciro zizwi_x; New_Stations_x;

Impaka ebyiri zanyuma zirahitamo. Hamwe na babiri ba mbere tumenyereye muburyo bwabanje. Ariko birashoboka ko wabonye ko nta mpaka zihari muri iki gikorwa, byerekana indangagaciro nshya. Ikigaragara ni uko iki gikoresho kigena impinduka gusa yamafaranga yinjiza kuri buri gihe, muri iki kibazo ni umwaka umwe, ariko ibisubizo rusange bigomba kubarwa ukwawe, ariko ibisubizo rusange bibarwa ukwawe, ariko ibisubizo rusange byo kubara umurongo, biragwira na Umubare w'imyaka.

1. Dutanga guhitamo selile aho kubara bizakorwa no gukora imirimo yimikorere. Tugenera izina "linene" muri "sebare" hanyuma ukande kuri buto "OK".



2. Muri "indangagaciro zizwi", yafunguye idirishya ryimpaka, menya imirongo ya "inyungu". Muri "azwi x indangagaciro", tumenyekanisha aderesi y '"umwaka". Imirima isigaye isigaye ubusa. Hanyuma ukande kuri buto "OK".



3. Porogaramu ibara kandi yerekana agaciro k'umurongo ugana kuri selire yatoranijwe.



4. Noneho tugomba kumenya ubunini bwababwe mbere muri 2019. Shyiramo ikimenyetso "=" muri selile irimo ubusa ku rupapuro. Kanda kuri selire, ikubiyemo agaciro nyako k'inyungu mumwaka wanyuma wumwaka (2016). Shira ikimenyetso "+". Noneho kanda kuri selire, irimo umurongo wabaruwe mbere. Dushyize ikimenyetso "*". Kuva hagati yumwaka wanyuma wigihe cyize (2016) numwaka kugirango dukore iteganyagihe (2019) nta manda yimyaka itatu, twashizeho umubare "3" mu Kagari. Gukora kubara ukanze kuri buto yinjira.

Nkuko mubibona, agaciro kateganijwe kubarizwa nuburyo bumwe bwo kugereranya umurongo, muri 2016 bizaba ari 4614.9 amafaranga ibihumbi.

Uburyo 6: Umukoresha Lgrfpribl

Igikoresho cyanyuma tuzareba kizaba LGRFPRICL. Uyu mukoresha atuma kubara ukurikije uburyo bwerekana. Syntax yayo ifite imiterere ikurikira:

= Lgrfpriblin (indangagaciro zizwi_; indangagaciro zizwi_x; New_Stations_x;

Nkuko mubibona, ingingo zose zisubiramo neza ibintu bihuye byimikorere yabanjirije. Kubabara Algorithm bizahindura gato. Imikorere izabara icyerekezo cyerekana cyerekana inshuro nyinshi umubare w'amafaranga yahinduwe mu gihe kimwe, ni ukuvuga umwaka. Tuzakenera gushakisha itandukaniro mu nyungu hagati yigihe cyanyuma nigenamigambi ryambere, tugwiza numubare wibihe byateganijwe (3) hanyuma wongere kubisubizo byigihe cyanyuma.

1. Ku rutonde rwabakoresha ba nyir'imikorere, tugenera izina "LGRFPRICDL". Dukora kanda kuri buto ya "ok".



2. Idirishya ritangira. Muri yo turamenyekanisha amakuru neza nkuko babigenzaga mugihe ukoresheje umurongo wumurongo. Kanda kuri buto ya "OK".



3. Igisubizo cyinzira exponeli irabarwa kandi igera kuri selire yagenwe.



4. Dushyize ikimenyetso "=" mu kagari karimo ubusa. Turakingura uduce duto duhitamo selile irimo agaciro k'imisoro mugihe cyanyuma. Dushyize ikimenyetso "*" kandi tunerekana selile ikubiyemo inzira igaragara. Dushyize ikimenyetso cyo gukuramo kandi trongeye gukanda kubintu aho umubare winjiza uri mugihe cyanyuma. Dufunga agace no gutwara inyuguti "* 3 +" tudafite amagambo. Na none, kanda kuri selile imwe, yagenewe igihe cyanyuma. Gukora kubara, kanda buto ya Enter.

Umubare w'abantu bahanuwe mu 2019, wabazwe n'uburyo bwo kwerekana, bizaba 4639.2 Rubles ibihumbi, byongeye gutandukana cyane n'ibisubizo byabonetse mugihe cyo kubara uburyo bwabanjirije.

Isomo: Ibindi bikorwa byibarurishamibare muri Excel

Twabonye uburyo bushobora guhanura muri gahunda ya Excel. Irashobora gukorwa muburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukoresha umurongo, kandi isesengura imikorere yubatswe mumibare yibarurishamibare. Nkibisubizo byo gutunganya amakuru amwe, aba bakora barashobora guhinduka ibisubizo bitandukanye. Ariko ntibitangaje, kubera ko bose bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kubara. Niba oSUCALLATION NI NINY, noneho ayo mahitamo yose akoreshwa murubanza runaka arashobora gufatwa nkizewe.