Kubara buri mwaka byishyura muri Excel

Mbere yo gufata inguzanyo, byaba byiza kubara ubwishyu bwose kuri yo. Bizakiza uwagurijwe mugihe kizaza mubibazo bitandukanye bitunguranye no gutenguha iyo bigaragaye ko birenze urugero ari binini cyane. Ubufasha kuri iyi mibare nibikoresho bya gahunda Excel. Reka tumenye uburyo bwo kubara ubwishyu bwumwaka ku nguzanyo muriyi gahunda.

Kubara ubwishyu

Mbere ya byose, tugomba kuvuga ko hari ubwoko bubiri bwo kwishyura inguzanyo:

• Bitandukanijwe;
• Mwaka.

Hamwe na gahunda itandukanye, umukiriya azana umugabane ungana buri kwezi wishyurwa kumubiri winguzanyo wongeyeho kwishyura inyungu. Ubunini bwo kwishyura inyungu buri kwezi bigabanuka, nkuko umubiri winguzanyo uragabanuka aho ubarwa. Rero, muri rusange ubwishyu buri kwezi nabwo bwagabanutse.

Ann Nyirasenge agakoresha uburyo butandukanye. Umukiriya akora umubare umwe wishyuwe buri kwezi, ugizwe no kwishyura kumubiri winguzanyo no kwishyura inyungu. Mu ntangiriro, imisanzu yinyungu iba ku nkiko yose, ariko uko umubiri ugabanuka, inyungu ziragabanuka kandi zikaba. Ariko umubare wuzuye wubwishyu ntigihinduka kubera ubwiyongere bwukwezi mubwinshi bwishyuwe numubiri winguzanyo. Rero, mugihe cyigihe, umubare winyungu mukwishyura buri kwezi, kandi uburemere bwumubiri bwumubiri burakura. Muri icyo gihe, ubwishyu rusange buri kwezi ubwabwo ntabwo buhinduka igihe cyose cy'inguzanyo.

Gusa ku kubara amafaranga yo kwishyura buri mwaka, tuzahagarara. Cyane cyane, ibi birakenewe, kuva ubu amabanki menshi akoresha iyi gahunda yihariye. Biroroshye kubakiriya, kuko muriki kibazo ubwishyu bwose ntabwo buhinduka, hasigaye. Abakiriya bahora bazi uko ukeneye kwishyura.

Intambwe ya 1: Kubara imisanzu ya buri kwezi

Kubara umusanzu wa buri kwezi mugihe ukoresheje umuzenguruko usanzwe muri Excele, hari imikorere idasanzwe - ppt. Bivuga icyiciro cyabakoresha amafaranga. Formula yiyi miterere niyi ikurikira:

= Ppt (igipimo; KPER; Zab; BS; andika)

Nkuko tubibona, imikorere yihariye ifite umubare munini cyane. Nibyo, babiri ba nyuma muri bo ntabwo ari itegeko.

Impaka "Igipimo" cyerekana igipimo cy'ijanisha mu gihe runaka. Niba, kurugero, igipimo cyumwaka gikoreshwa, ariko kwishyura inguzanyo buri kwezi, noneho igipimo cyumwaka kigomba kugabanywamo 12 kandi ibisubizo bikoreshwa nkimpaka. Niba ubwoko bwa buri gihembwe bwo kwishyura bukoreshwa, noneho muriki gihe Saple yumwaka igomba kugabanywamo 4, nibindi.

"Cper" bisobanura umubare rusange wigihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo. Ni ukuvuga, niba inguzanyo ifashwe umwaka umwe hamwe nubwishyu buri kwezi, noneho umubare wibihe ufatwa nka 12, niba imyaka ibiri, hanyuma umubare wibihe - 24. Niba inguzanyo imaze imyaka ibiri yishyuwe buri gihembwe, hanyuma Umubare wibihe ni 8.

"PS" yerekana agaciro ka none muriki gihe. Kuvuga n'amagambo yoroshye, iyi niyo nyungu zose zimaze gutangira inguzanyo, ni ukuvuga amafaranga watijwe, ukuyemo inyungu nibindi byishyurwa nibindi byishyurwa nibindi byishyuwe.

"Bs" ni ikiguzi kizaza. Agaciro kazaba umubiri winguzanyo mugihe cyo kurangiza amasezerano yinguzanyo. Kenshi na kenshi, iyi ngingo ni "0", kubera ko uwagurijwe arangije igihe cy'inguzanyo agomba gutura byuzuye hamwe n'uwatanze inguzanyo. Impaka zagenwe ntabwo ari itegeko. Kubwibyo, niba byamanutse, bifatwa nkiru.

Impaka "Ubwoko" bugena igihe cyo kubara: kumpera cyangwa mu ntangiriro yigihe. Ku rubanza rwa mbere, bisaba agaciro "0", no mu bya kabiri - "1". Ibigo byinshi byamabanki bikoresha neza hamwe no kwishyura mugihe cyo kurangiza. Iyi mpaka nayo irahitamo, kandi niba ihagaritswe, bizera ko ari zeru.

Noneho igihe kirageze cyo kwimukira kurugero rwihariye rwo kubara umusanzu wa buri kwezi ukoresheje imikorere ya PL. Kubara, dukoresha ameza hamwe namakuru yinkomoko, aho igipimo cyinyungu kiri ku nguzanyo (12%) cyerekanwe, agaciro k'inguzanyo (500.000) n'igihe cy'inguzanyo (amezi 24). Muri icyo gihe, kwishura buri kwezi kurangiza buri gihe.

1. Hitamo ikintu kurupapuro ibisubizo ibisubizo bizagaragara, hanyuma ukande "Shyiramo", shyiramo imikorere ", shyira hafi ya formula.



2. Idirishya rya Wizard ryatangijwe. Mu cyiciro "imari" igenera izina "PLT" hanyuma ukande kuri buto "OK".



3. Nyuma yibyo, bifungura impaka Idirishya rya PL yakoraga.

   Mu murima "igipimo", ugomba kwinjiza agaciro k'ijanisha mugihe. Ibi birashobora gukorwa intoki, gusa shyira ijanisha, ariko byerekanwe muri selire itandukanye kurupapuro, kugirango tuzirize. Shyira indanga mu murima, hanyuma ukande ku kagari gahuye. Ariko, nkuko tubyibuka, dufite inyungu ngarukamwaka kumeza yacu, kandi igihe cyo kwishyura kingana nukwezi. Kubwibyo, dugabana buri mwaka, ahubwo ni ihuriro ryakagari aho ririmo nimero ya 12, ihwanye numubare mumwaka. IGITUBA GUKORESHA MU BUZIMA Idirishya.

   Muri cper, inguzanyo irashirwaho. Angana namezi 24. Urashobora gusaba mumibare 24 intoki, ariko natwe, nkuko bimeze mu rubanza rwabanje, vuga umurongo aho iki cyerekezo kiri mumeza yinkomoko.

   Mu murima "PS" yerekana agaciro k'inguzanyo wambere. Bingana na Rable 500.000. Nko mu manza zabanjirije iyi, tugaragaza umurongo mubintu byamababi, bikubiyemo iki kimenyetso.

   Mu murima "BS" yerekana ubunini bw'inguzanyo, nyuma yo kwishyura byuzuye. Nkuko ubyibuka, agaciro kabe hafi ya zeru. Shyira muri uyu murima umubare "0". Nubwo iyi ngingo ishobora gusibwa muri rusange.

   Muri "ubwoko", tugaragaza mugitangiriro cyangwa kurangiza ukwezi kwishyurwa. Twebwe, nko mubihe byinshi, byakozwe mu mpera zukwezi. Kubwibyo, twashizeho umubare "0". Nko kubijyanye n'impaka zabanjirije iyi, birashoboka kwinjira muri uru rwego, noneho gahunda isanzwe izakeka ko ari zeru ihwanye nayo.

   Nyuma yamakuru yose yinjiye, kanda buto "OK".



4. Nyuma yibyo, mu kagari twahaye igika cya mbere yiki gitabo, ibisubizo byo kubara birerekanwa. Nkuko mubibona, ubunini bwubwishyu rusange buri kwezi ku nguzanyo ni 23536.74. Ntukitiranya ikimenyetso "-" Mbere yaya mafaranga. Ubuhungiro rero bwerekana ko iyi ari yo gutembera kw'amafaranga, ni ukuvuga igihombo.



5. Kugirango ubare umubare wuzuye wishyuwe mugihe cyinguzanyo, witondere kwishyura umubiri winguzanyo ninyungu za buri kwezi, aho kugwiza umubare wishyurwa buri kwezi (23536.74 Rubles) kumubare w'amezi (amezi 24 ). Nkuko mubibona, umubare wuzuye wishyurwa mugihe cyinguzanyo kuri buri gihe wari 564881.67 Rables.



6. Noneho urashobora kubara umubare winguzanyo wishyuye. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, birakenewe gukuramo amafaranga yishyuwe, harimo inyungu n'umubiri w'inguzanyo, amafaranga ya mbere yavuzwe. Ariko twibuka ko iyambere muri izi ndangagaciro isanzwe hamwe nikimenyetso "-". Kubwibyo, byumwihariko, ikibazo cyacu gigaragara ko bakeneye gukuba. Nkuko tubibona, ubwishyu bwishyuwe mugihe cyose bwari 64881.67 Rables.

Isomo: Master of Imikorere muri Excel

Icyiciro cya 2: Ibisobanuro byo Kwishura

Noneho, hifashishijwe abandi bakoresha neza, dukora buri burahurira buri kwezi kugirango turebe uko ukwezi runaka twishyura binyuze mumubiri winguzanyo, kandi ni bangahe inyungu zishimishije. Kuri izo ntego, umucuzi mumeza yihuba, tuzuzuza amakuru. Imirongo yiyi mbonerahamwe izabazwa mugihe gihuye, ni ukundi kwezi. Urebye ko igihe cyo kuguriza ari amezi 24, umubare wumurongo nawo ukwiye. Inkingi zerekanye urwego rwinguzanyo, kwishyura inyungu, ubwishyu bwuzuye buri kwezi, nicyo giteranyo cyinkingi ebyiri zabanjirije iyi, kimwe namafaranga asigaye kwishyura.

1. Kugirango umenye umubare wubwishyu numubiri winguzanyo, koresha imikorere ya OSP, igenewe gusa izo ntego. Dushiraho indanga mu Kagari, iherereye ku murongo "1" no mu nkingi "kwishyura ku mubiri w'inguzanyo". Kanda kuri buto ya "Paste.



2. Jya kuri nyir'imikorere. Mu cyiciro "imari", tubona izina "oplt" hanyuma ukande buto "OK".



3. Impaka zimpaka zikoresha Operator zitangira. Ifite syntax ikurikira:

   = Ospult (igipimo; igihe; KPER; Zab; BS)

   Nkuko dushobora kubibona, ingingo yibi biranga hafi ya coincide rwose hamwe nimpaka zumukoresha wa PLT, gusa aho kuba impaka zidateganijwe "zongereranyo" mugihe cyo gutongana ". Irerekana umubare wigihe cyo kwishyura, kandi murwego rwihariye kumubare wukwezi.

   Uzuza ingingo zimikorere ya OSR zimaze kumenyera kumakuru amwe, yakoreshwaga mumikorere ya PL. Gusa ukurikije ukuri ko mugihe kizaza, gukoporora formula bizakoreshwa binyuze mu kurangara kwawe, ugomba gukora amahuza yose mumirima rwose kugirango badahinduka. Ibi bisaba gushyira ikimenyetso cyamadorari mbere ya buri gaciro ka garical kandi itambitse. Ariko biroroshye kubikora, guhitamo gusa guhuza no gukanda kurufunguzo rwa F4. Ikimenyetso cyamadorari kizashyirwa ahantu heza mu buryo bwikora. Ntabwo twibagiwe kandi ko amaherezo ya buri mwaka agomba kugabanywamo 12.



4. Ariko dufite indi mpaka mishya, ntiryaturutse mubikorwa bya PL. Iyi mpaka "mugihe". Mu murima ukwiye, shiraho ibisobanuro kuri selire ya mbere yinkingi "igihe". Iki kintu cyurupapuro kirimo umubare "1", kigaragaza umubare wukwezi kwambere kuguriza. Ariko bitandukanye nimirima yabanjirije, dusiga umurongo ugereranije mumurima wagenwe, kandi ntukabikoze.

   Nyuma yamakuru yose twavuze hejuru yatangijwe, kanda buto "OK".



5. Nyuma yibyo, muri selire, ibyo twagerageje, ubwishyu bwumubiri winguzanyo ukwezi kwambere bizagaragara. Bizaba 18536.74 Rables.



6. Noneho, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, dukwiye kwigana iyi formula kumutwe winkingi zisigaye ukoresheje ikimenyetso cyuzuye. Kugirango ukore ibi, shiraho indanga kuruhande rwiburyo bwiburyo bwa selile, irimo formula. Indanga ihindurwa kumusaraba, yitwa ikimenyetso cyuzuye. Kanda buto yimbeba yibumoso hanyuma uyisunike kugeza kumpera yameza.



7. Nkigisubizo, inkingi zose zuzuye. Ubu dufite imbonerahamwe yo kwishyura inguzanyo buri kwezi. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, umubare wishyurwa kuri iyi ngingo wiyongera hamwe na buri gihe gishya.



8. Noneho dukeneye kubara buri kwezi kubara inyungu. Kuri iyi ntego, tuzakoresha umukoresha wa PRT. Tugenera selile yambere irimo "kwishura" inkingi. Kanda kuri buto ya "Paste.



9. Mubikorwa bya Shebuja wibikorwa muri "Imari", tubyara amazina ya Namp. Kora kanda kuri buto ya "OK".



10. Impaka Idirishya ryimikorere ya TRP iratangira. Syntax yayo isa nkiyi:

    = Prt (igipimo; igihe; cpu; ps; bs)

    Nkuko tubibona, ingingo ziki gikorwa zirasa rwose nibintu bisa numukoresha wa OSP. Noneho, andika amakuru amwe mumadirishya twinjiye mumadirishya yabanjirije ingingo. Ntabwo twibagiwe ko ibyerekeranye murwego "mugihe" bigomba kuba bifitanye isano, kandi mubindi bice byose bihuza bigomba kuzanwa muburyo bwuzuye. Nyuma yibyo, kanda kuri buto "OK".



11. Noneho ibisubizo byo kubara ingano yo kwishyura kugirango ushimishe inguzanyo ukwezi kwambere kugaragara mu kagari kajyanye.



12. Gushyira ahagaragara ikimenyetso cyuzuye, kora formulaire mubice bisigaye byinkingi, muri ubu buryo wakiriye gahunda ya buri kwezi kumafaranga yinguzanyo. Nkuko dushobora kubibona, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, kuva ukwezi kugeza ukwezi agaciro k'ubu buryo bugabanuka.



13. Noneho tugomba kubara ubwishyu rusange buri kwezi. Kuri uku kubara, umuntu ntagomba kwitabaza umukoresha uwo ari we wese, nkuko ushobora gukoresha formala yoroshye. Twatsinze ibiri muri selile ukwezi kwambere kwinkingi "kwishyura umubiri winguzanyo" na "inyungu zuzuye". Kugirango ukore ibi, shiraho ikimenyetso "=" muri selile yambere yubusa yinkingi "ubwishyu buri kwezi". Noneho kanda kubintu bibiri byavuzwe haruguru ushyiraho "+" ikimenyetso hagati yabo. Kanda kuri Enter.



14. Ibikurikira, ukoresheje ikimenyetso cyuzuye, nko mubihe byabanjirije, kuzuza inkingi yamakuru. Nkuko dushobora kubibona, mubikorwa byose byamasezerano, ubwinshi bwishyuwe buri kwezi, ikubiyemo ubwishyu numubiri winguzanyo no kwishyura inyungu, bizaba amaragi 23536.74.74. Mubyukuri, twabaruye iki kimenyetso mbere yo gukoresha ppt. Ariko muriki gihe hagaragajwe neza, mubyukuri nkubwinshi bwo kwishyura numubiri winguzanyo ninyungu.



15. Noneho ugomba kongeramo amakuru ku nkingi, aho impirimbanyi zinguzanyo zerekanwe buri kwezi, zisabwa kwishyura. Muri selire ya mbere yinkingi "kuringaniza kwishyura" kubara bizaba byoroshye. Tugomba gukurwa mubimera byambere, bisobanurwa mumeza hamwe namakuru yibanze, ubwishyu numubiri winguzanyo ukwezi kubarwa. Ariko, ukurikije ukuri ko imwe mubare dusanzwe tujya hamwe nikimenyetso "-", noneho ntibagomba gukurwaho, ahubwo ntigomba kuziba. Turabikora hanyuma ukande kuri buto yinjira.



16. Ariko kubara uburinganire bwo kwishyura nyuma y'amezi ya kabiri n'amezi yakurikiyeho bizaba bimwe bigoye. Kugira ngo dukore ibi, dukeneye gukuramo umubiri winguzanyo mu ntangiriro yo gutanga inguzanyo yuzuye ubwishyu ku mubiri w'inguzanyo mu gihe cyashize. Shyiramo ikimenyetso "=" muri selire ya kabiri yinkingi "ingoro yo kwishyura". Ibikurikira, vuga umurongo uhuza selile, urimo umubare winguzanyo wambere. Turabikora rwose, kumurika no gukanda urufunguzo rwa F4. Noneho dushyira ikimenyetso "+", kubera ko dufite ibisobanuro bya kabiri nibibi. Nyuma yibyo, kanda ahanditse "Shyiramo imikorere".



17. Umuyobozi wimikorere yatangijwe, aho ukeneye kwimukira mucyiciro "imibare". Ngaho tugenera inyandiko "amafaranga" hanyuma ukande buto "OK".



18. Impaka Idirishya ritangira gukora ibintu. Umukoresha wagenwe akora muri make amakuru mu tugari dukeneye gukora muri "Kwishura n'umubiri w'inguzanyo". Ifite syntax ikurikira:

    = Amafaranga (umubare1; Umubare2; ...)

    Nkimpaka, ibitekerezo bigana selile birimo imibare. Twashizeho indanga muri "Umubare1". Noneho shyira buto yimbeba hanyuma uhitemo selile ebyiri zinguzanyo zinguzanyo kurupapuro. Mu murima, nkuko tubibona, ihuriro ryaka ryagaragaye. Igizwe nibice bibiri bitandukanijwe na colon: ibyerekeranye nurwego rwambere rwurwego no kuri nyuma. Kugirango ushobore gushobora gukoporora formulaire yerekanwe mugihe cyuzuye ikimenyetso, dukora umurongo wambere kurwego rwuzuye. Turabigaragaza hanyuma ukande kurufunguzo rwa F4. Igice cya kabiri cyibanze hanyuma usige umuvandimwe. Noneho, iyo ukoresheje ikimenyetso cyuzuye, urwego rwambere rwurwego ruzakosorwa, kandi ibya nyuma bizarambura nkuko biva hasi. Ibi birakenewe kugirango dusohoze intego. Ibikurikira, kanda kuri buto ya "OK".



19. Rero, ibisubizo byuguringaniza umwenda w'inguzanyo nyuma y'ukwezi kwa kabiri bisezerewe mu kagari. Noneho, guhera kuri selile, dukora kwigana formula mubice byinkingi yubusa dukoresha ikimenyetso cyuzuye.



20. Kubara buri kwezi ibisigisigi kwishyura inguzanyo bikozwe mugihe cyose cy'inguzanyo. Nkuko bikwiye, kumpera yigihe ntarengwa, aya mafaranga ni zeru.

Rero, ntabwo twarabaze gusa kwishura inguzanyo, ahubwo twateguye ubwoko bwinguzanyo. Izakora kuri gahunda yo gushaka buri mwaka. Niba mu mbonerahamwe yinkomoko, urugero, guhindura umubare winguzanyo ninyungu zumwaka, hanyuma kumeza yanyuma hazabaho amakuru yikora. Kubwibyo, birashobora gukoreshwa rimwe gusa kubibazo byihariye, ahubwo ni ugushyira mubihe bitandukanye kugirango ubare amahitamo yinguzanyo kuri gahunda yumwaka.

Isomo: Imikorere yimari muri Excel

Nkuko mubibona, ukoresheje gahunda ya Excel murugo, urashobora kubara byoroshye kwishyura inguzanyo muri rusange kuri gahunda yumwaka, ukoresheje pl ukorera kuri iyi ntego. Byongeye kandi, hamwe nubufasha bwa OSR Nyiricyubahiro na PRT, birashoboka kubara amafaranga yishyurwa numubiri winguzanyo nijanisha mugihe cyagenwe. Gushyira hamwe iyi miyoboro yose hamwe, birashoboka gukora calculatike ikomeye yinguzanyo ishobora gukoreshwa inshuro zirenze imwe kugirango ubare ubwishyu bwumwaka.