Magulu oyambira a Linux mu terminal

Mwa fanizo ndi Windows, Linux ili ndi malamulo apadera a ntchito yosavuta kwambiri komanso mwachangu. Koma ngati poyambirira timayitanitsa zothandizira kapena kuchitapo kanthu kuchokera ku "Lamulo la Lamulo" (cmd), ndiye kuti munthawi yachiwiri yogwira ntchito yoyesedwa. M'malo mwake, "terminal" ndi "mzere wolamulira" ndi chinthu chomwecho.

Mndandanda wamagulu mu "terminal" linux

Kwa iwo omwe posachedwapa adayamba kudziwitsa mzere wa makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux, tiwone ku Register ya malamulo ofunikira kwambiri omwe wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amafunikira. Dziwani kuti zida ndi zothandizira zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi "terminal" zaikidwa m'magawidwe onse a linux ndipo musafunikire kutulutsidwa.

Kuwongolera fayilo

M'machitidwe aliwonse ogwiritsira ntchito, sizikhala zogwirizana ndi mafayilo osiyanasiyana. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito manejala a fayilo pazolinga izi, zomwe zimakhala ndi chipolopolo. Koma kuwononga konsekonse, komanso kuchuluka kwa mndandanda wawo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito magulu apadera.

Ls - kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone zomwe zili pa chikwatu. Ili ndi zosankha ziwiri: -L - zowonetsa monga mndandanda wokhala ndi malongosoledwe, -A - zikuwonetsa mafayilo omwe amabisika ndi dongosolo.

Mphaka - akuwonetsa zomwe zili mu fayilo yomwe yatchulidwa. Polemba mizere, kusankhako kumayikidwa.
CD - imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda kuchokera ku chikwatu kwa omwe atchulidwa. Mukayamba, popanda zina zowonjezera, zimabwezeretsanso chiwongola dzanja.
PWD - imakuthandizani kudziwa chikwatu chapano.
MkDIIR - amapanga chikwatu chatsopano mu chikwatu chapano.
Fayilo - imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za fayilo.

CP - chofunikira potengera chikwatu kapena fayilo. Mukamawonjezera njira, imatembenuka potengera kukolola. Kusankha - amasunga zofunikira za chikalatacho kuwonjezera pa njira yapitayi.
MV - yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha kapena fayilo / fayilo.
RM - amachotsa fayilo kapena chikwatu. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito popanda kusankha, kuchotsedwa kumachitika kwamuyaya. Kupita kudengu, lowetsani njira.
Ln - amapanga ulalo wa fayilo.
ChMod - amasintha ufulu (kuwerenga, kujambula, kusintha ...). Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana kwa wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense.
Chombo - chimakupatsani mwayi kuti musinthe mwini wake. Kupezeka kokha kwa wowonjezera (woyang'anira).

Dziwani: Kupeza ufulu wa superur

Pezani - adapangira kuti afufuze mafayilo m'dongosolo. Mosiyana ndi lamulo lomwe lapeza, kusaka kumaphedwa mu zosintha.
DD - imagwira popanga mafayilo ndi kutembenuka kwawo.
Pezani - kusaka zikalata ndi zikwatu m'dongosolo. Ili ndi zosankha zambiri zomwe mungakhazikitse gawo lofufuzira.

Phiri-Ubemth - wogwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirira ntchito ndi mafayilo. Ndi thandizo lake, kachitidwe katha kuyimitsidwa ndikulumikiza. Kugwiritsa ntchito muyenera kupeza maudindo.
Du - amawonetsa chitsanzo cha mafayilo / zikwatu. Kusankha - kumasintha kwa mtundu wowerengeka, -S - kumawonetsa deta yofupikitsidwa, ndi -D - imayika kuya kwa rechato m'mabatani.
DF - Kusanthula malo a disk, kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa zotsalazo ndikudzazidwa. Ili ndi zosankha zambiri zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga zomwe zapezedwa.

Gwirani ntchito ndi mawu

Kulowetsa malamulo omwe amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi mafayilo, posachedwa kapena pambuyo pake udzafunika kusintha. Malamulo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira ntchito ndi zolemba:

Zambiri - zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone zolemba zomwe siziyikidwa m'derali la ntchito. Pakakhala kupukutira kwa terminal, ntchito yamakono yocheperako imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Grep - amafufuza mawu pa template.
Mutu, mchira - gulu loyamba limayambitsa mizere yoyambirira ya chikalatacho (chipewa), chachiwiri -
Zikuwonetsa mizere yaposachedwa mu chikalatacho. Mosakhazikika, mizere 10 ikuwonetsedwa. Mutha kusintha kuchuluka kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito -n -f ntchito.
Sanjani - imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti musunge mizere. Zolemba, zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, posankha kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi - -R.
Diff - kufananizidwa ndikuwonetsa kusiyana kolemba mawu (mzere).
WC - amaganizira mawu, mizere, ma byte ndi zizindikilo.

Makina oyang'anira

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwa os imodzi kumapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe achulukidwe achuluke kwambiri omwe amatha kumangolunda kwambiri makompyuta kuti asakhale omasuka kugwira ntchito.

Izi zitha kukonza mosavuta, kumaliza njira zosafunikira. Malangizo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo la linux pacholinga ichi:

PS, PGrep - Lamulo loyamba likuwonetsa zambiri zokhudzana ndi njira zothandizira dongosolo ("-e" zomwe zimawonetsa njira inayake), zotuluka zachiwiri njira italowa dzina lake.

Ipha - amaliza ndondomeko ya pid.
xkill - podina pazenera -
Amakwaniritsa.
Pkill - imamaliza njirayi ndi dzina lake.
Killall amaliza njira zonse zogwirizira.
Pamwamba, htop - ndi udindo wowonetsa njira ndikugwiritsira ntchito ngati makina otonthoza dongosolo. Htop ndiyotchuka kwambiri masiku ano.
Nthawi - imawonetsa "termial" pazenera pa nthawi yophedwa.

Malo ogwiritsa ntchito

Magulu ofunikira samangophatikiza okhawo omwe amakupatsani mwayi wolumikizana ndi zigawo za madongosolo, komanso kuchita ntchito zazing'ono zomwe zimathandizira kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta.

Tsiku - limawonetsa tsiku ndi nthawi m'magulu osiyanasiyana (maola 12, maola 24), kutengera kusankha.

Alias - amakupatsani mwayi kuti muchepetse lamulolo kapena lopanga mawu ofanana, amagwira chimodzi kapena ulusi kuchokera pamalamulo angapo.
Kusagwirizana - kumapereka chidziwitso chokhudza dzina la dongosolo la dongosolo.
Sudo, sudo su - yoyamba imayambitsa mapulogalamuwo m'malo mwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito. Chachiwiri - m'malo mwa superuser.
Kugona - kumamasulira kompyuta kuti mugone.
Kutseka - Kutembenuka kompyuta nthawi yomweyo, njira ya -h imakupatsani mwayi kuti musinthe kompyuta nthawi yokonzedweratu.
Kuyambiranso - kuyambiranso kompyuta. Mutha kutchulanso nthawi ina yoyambiranso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera.

Kuwongolera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito

Pomwe palibe munthu m'modzi amene amagwira ntchito pakompyuta imodzi, koma ochepa, ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri amapanga ogwiritsa ntchito angapo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa malamulo kuti azilumikizana ndi aliyense wa iwo.

Userradd, gwiritsani ntchito, onjezerani, fufutani, sinthani akaunti ya ogwiritsa ntchito, motero.
Passwd - amathandizira kusintha mawu achinsinsi. Kuyambira m'malo mwa sudo (SuDo SU koyambirira kwa lamulo) imakupatsani mwayi kuti mubwezeretse mapasiwedi a maakaunti onse.

Onani zikalata

Palibe wogwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira mtengo wa malamulo onse m'dongosolo kapena malo a mafayilo onse ovomerezeka, koma malamulo atatu osakumbukika amatha kupulumutsa:

Whatis - imawonetsa njira yofinya mafayilo.
Munthu - akuwonetsa thandizo kapena buku la lamulo, limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalamulo a dzina lomweli.

Whatis ndi fanizo pamwambapa, komabe, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza zigawo zapezeka kupezeka.

Magulu a pa intaneti

Kukhazikitsa intaneti komanso mtsogolo bwino kusintha makonda a netiweki, muyenera kudziwa kuti pamalamulo awa.

IP - Kukhazikitsa ma scotystems a netiweki, onani madoko omwe alipo madoko a IP. Mukawonjezera lingaliro -show limawonetsa zinthu zomwe zili m'mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa monga mndandanda, zambiri zotchulidwa zimawonetsedwa ndi -filp.
Ping - Kuzindikira kulumikiza kwa magwero a rait (rauta, rauta, modem, etc.). Limafotokozanso zambiri pankhani yolumikizirana.

Nethogs - kupereka deta kwa wosuta za kutuluka kwamagalimoto. Chiganizo-chimafotokoza mawonekedwe apaumunsi.
Traceroot ndi chofufumitsa cha lamulo la poing, koma mawonekedwe osintha kwambiri. Imawonetsa liwiro la packet pazinthu lililonse la nodes ndipo limapereka chidziwitso chonse chokhudza gawo lonse la packet.

Mapeto

Kudziwa malamulo onse pamwambapa, ngakhale watsopano, yemwe adayika dongosolo lotengera linux, lidzatha kulumikizana nawo bwinobwino, kuthetsa bwino ntchito zake. Poyamba, zitha kuwoneka ngati kuti mndandandawo ndi wovuta kwambiri kukumbukira, ndi ena omwe amapereka pafupipafupi, ndipo kulumikizana nthawi iliyonse malangizo omwe US safunikira ena.