Kukhazikitsa rauta mikrotik

Ma router ochokera ku kampani ya Chilatvian Mikrotik amakhala malo apadera pakati pa zinthu zamtunduwu. Ndi lingaliro loti njirayi idafunidwa kwa akatswiri ndikuyika moyenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito katswiri. Ndipo malingaliro oterewa ali ndi maziko. Koma nthawi ikubwera, mikrotik zinthu zikuyenda bwino, ndipo pulogalamu yake ikuchulukirachulukira kuti mumvetsetse ndi wogwiritsa ntchito wamba. Ndipo zikuluzikulu, mitundu yamazida izi kuphatikiza ndi mtengo woyenera, imayesetsa kuphunzira makonda ake mokwanira.

Rouros - Mikrotik Zida zogwirira ntchito

Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha ma roprotic rout ndikuti opareshoni yawo imachitika mosalamulirika osati firmware basi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito makina oyitanitsa otchedwa Rourus. Ichi ndi chogwirira chonse chomwe chimapangidwa pa nsanja ya Linux. Izi ndi zomwe zimawopseza ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri ochokera ku microdist yemwe amakhulupirira kuti amawachitira izi - ndichinthu china chosangalatsa. Koma kumbali inayo, kupezeka kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito kumeneku kuli ndi zabwino zosatheka:

• Zipangizo zonse za Mikrotik zonse zakonzedwa ku mtundu womwewo, monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito OS omwewo;
• Routeros imakupatsani mwayi wokhazikitsa rauta yochepa kwambiri ndikukulitsa monga ogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito. Pamanja mutha kukhazikika pafupifupi chilichonse!
• Routers ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa momasuka pa PC ndikuyimitsa mwanjira iyi kukhala rauta yolimbana ndi ntchito yonse.

Mipata yomwe imapereka wogwiritsa ntchito ndi ma microtic ogwiritsira ntchito microtic ndi ambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira yake sidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pachabe.

Kulumikiza rauta ndi njira zoyambira kuti zithetse

Kulumikiza ma rauta routaramu ku chipangizo chomwe makonzedwewo chidzapangidwa, ndi muyezo. Chingwe chochokera kwa opereka chiyenera kulumikizidwa ndi doko loyamba la rauta, ndipo kudzera mwa madoko ena ena kuti mulumikizane ndi kompyuta kapena laputopu. Kukhazikitsa kumatha kuchitidwa kudzera pa wi-fi. Malo ofikira amathandizira nthawi yomweyo ndikutembenuza pa chipangizocho ndipo chimatsegulidwa kwathunthu. Zimapita osanena kuti kompyuta iyenera kukhala mu malo amodzi ndi rauta kapena kukhala ndi makonda omwe amapereka ma adilesi a IP ndi adilesi ya DNS.

Popeza mwachitapo kanthu zosavuta izi, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Thamangani msakatuli ndi kulowa mu 192.168.88.1 mu bar yake

   

2. Pazenera lomwe limatsegula, sankhani njira yokhazikitsa rauta podina chizindikiro cha mbewa yomwe mukufuna.

   

Chomaliza chimafunikira mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane. Monga tikuwonera kuchokera ku chithunzicho, rauta ya microtic imatha kukonzedwa m'njira zitatu:

• Winbox ndi chida chapadera pakukhazikitsa zida za mikrotik. Icon imalepheretsa ulalo kuti udutse. Umboni ukhoza kutsitsidwa kuchokera patsamba la wopanga;
• Webfig - tincture wa rauta ya msakatuli. Izi zidawoneka posachedwapa. Mawonekedwe a Webfig Web ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi winbox, koma opanga opanga amatsimikizira kuti luso lake lakweza;
• Telnet - Kukhazikitsa kudzera pamzere wa lamulo. Njirayi ndiyoyenera ogwiritsa ntchito apamwamba komanso mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi silingaganizidwe.

Pakadali pano, opanga mapulogalamu amayang'ana pa intaneti yoperekedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, m'matembenuzidwe amtsogolo a routers, zenera loyambira lingawoneke motere:

Ndipo popeza makonda a fakitale kuti alowetse mawu achinsinsi a intaneti, palibe mawu achinsinsi, ndiye kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amatha kutumizidwa nthawi yomweyo ku tsamba la Webfig. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito ndi Winbox ndikuwona ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokhazikitsa zida zamchenga. Chifukwa chake, zitsanzo zowonjezereka zonse zikhala zochokera pamawonekedwe a zofunikira izi.

Kukhazikitsa magawo oyambira a Router

Zosintha pa rauta microtic, koma kuti ichite ntchito zake zazikulu, ndizokwanira kudziwa wamkulu. Chifukwa chake, munthu sayenera kuopa kudya uchulu, magawo ndi magawo. Kupita kwatsatanetsatane komwe kumatha kuphunziridwa pambuyo pake. Poyamba muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungapangire zosintha za chipangizocho. Werengani zambiri za izi pansipa.

Kulumikizana ndi rauta pogwiritsa ntchito Winbox

Zida za Winbox, zomwe zam'makrotik zidakhazikitsidwa, ndi fayilo yodziwika bwino. Sizikufuna kukhazikitsa ndikukonzekera kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo mutatsitsa. Poyamba, ntchitoyi idapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito mu Windows, koma machitidwe amawonetsa kuti zimapindulitsa pa pulatifomu ya ulusi wa ulusi kuchokera pansi pa vinyo.

Pambuyo potsegula bokosi, zenera lake loyambira limatseguka. Pamenepo muyenera kulowa adilesi ya IP ya rauta, Login (Standard - Admin) ndikudina "Lumikizani".

Ngati simungathe kulumikizana kudzera pa adilesi ya IP, kapena sizikudziwika - zilibe kanthu. Winbox imapereka wosuta ndi kuthekera kulumikiza rauta ndi adilesi ya MAC. Pakuti mukusowa:

1. Pansi pazenera pitani kwa oyandikana nawo tabu.
2. Pulogalamuyi isanthula kulumikizana ndikupeza adilesi ya MAC ya chipangizo cholumikizidwa, chomwe chidzawonetsedwa pansipa.
3. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuti mudikire kaye, kenako, monga momwe zidayambira kale, dinani pa "Lumikizani".

Kulumikizana ndi rauta kudzakhazikitsidwa ndipo wosuta adzatha kusintha mwachindunji mwachindunji.

Kukhazikika

Pambuyo polowa makonda a rauta pogwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha Winkbox, zenera la mikrotik chimatseguka pamaso pa wogwiritsa ntchito. Amayitanidwa kuti achotse kapena kusiya osasinthika. Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa rauta mwachangu momwe mungathere - muyenera kusiya kasinthidwe ka fakitale popanda kusinthika podina "Chabwino".

Kupita ku makonda achangu, muyenera kuchita zinthu ziwiri zosavuta:

1. Pa mzere wakumanzere, zenera la Winbox limapita ku tabu yofulumira.
2. M'ndandanda wotsika pazenera lomwe limatsegula, sankhani njira ya rauta. Kwa ife, "Home AP" (pofikira kunyumba) ndizoyenera kwambiri.

Zenera lokhazikika lili ndi makonda onse a rauta. Chidziwitso chonse chimagawidwa m'magulu a Wi-Fi, intaneti, LAN ndi VPN. Lingawaganizire mwatsatanetsatane.

Network yopanda zingwe

Zizindikiro zopanda waya zimapezeka mbali yakumanzere kwa zenera lachangu. Magawo omwe akupezeka pamenepo chifukwa chosintha ndi ofanana akamatsata ma rops ena.

Apa wogwiritsa ntchito:

• Lowetsani dzina lanu la netiweki;
• Fotokozerani pafupipafupi kapena sankhani tanthauzo la zokha;
• Sankhani njira yopanda zingwe;
• Sankhani dziko lanu (posankha);
• Sankhani mtundu wa Encryption ndikuyika chinsinsi chopanda zingwe. Nthawi zambiri amasankha WPA2, koma ndibwino kufotokozera mitundu yonse pankhaniyi, ngati zida za pa intaneti sizikuthandizira.

Pafupifupi makonda onse amachitika posankha mndandanda wotsika kapena cheke mu bokosilo, motero sikofunikira kupanga chilichonse.

Za intaneti

Zosintha pa intaneti zili pamwamba pamwamba pa zenera lachangu. Wogwiritsa ntchito amaperekedwa 3 pazosankha zawo, kutengera mtundu wa kulumikizana komwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. DHCP. Mu kasinthidwe fakitale, imapezeka mosavomerezeka, chifukwa chake simuyenera kusintha chilichonse. Pokhapokha mutayenera kuyang'ana adilesi ya Mac ngati woperekayo amagwiritsa ntchito kumangiriza.

   

2. Static IP adilesi. Apa muyenera kuti zigawo zivomerezeke kwa woperekayo pamanja.

   

3. Kulumikizana kwa RPRry. Apa mudzayeneranso kulowa muudindo ndi chinsinsi, komanso kuti mubwere ndi dzina la kulumikizana kwanu. Pambuyo pake, muyenera dinani pa "kulumikizana", ndipo ngati magawo apangidwa molondola, makonda omwe adayikapo adzawonetsedwa m'minda yomwe ili pansipa.

Monga tikuwonera, palibe chovuta kusintha magawo a intaneti mu microtic routa.

Network yakomweko

Nthawi yomweyo pansi pa ma network muwindo okhazikika pazenera pamakhala kusintha kwa matrayi. Apa mutha kusintha adilesi ya IP ya rauta ndikukhazikitsa seva ya DHCP.

Kuti mugwire ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kuloleza pawalenge, ndikuyang'ana bokosi lolingana.

Kusinthanso magawo onse pawindo lokhazikika, dinani batani la "Ikani". Kulumikizana kwa rauta udzasweka. Yambitsaninso kompyuta yanu kapena kungochotsa, kenako ndikutsegulanso intaneti. Chilichonse chiyenera kupeza.

Kukhazikitsa Chinsinsi Cha Adving

M'makapangidwe a fakitale ya routers mikrotik pachinsinsi chikusowa. Siyani pamenepa kuti musiyidwe mwamphamvu pazifukwa zachitetezo. Chifukwa chake, pomaliza kusintha kwa chipangizocho, muyenera kukhazikitsa mawu achinsinsi. Za ichi:

1. Kumanzere kumanzere kwa zenera la Winbox Kuthandizira, tsegulani "system" tabu ndikupita kukatumiza "ogwiritsa ntchito".

   

2. Pamndandanda wa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amatsegula, dinani lotseguka katundu.

   

3. Pitani kwa ogwiritsa ntchito achinsinsi podina password.

   

4. Khazikitsani mawu achinsinsi, zitsimikizireni ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa kuwonekera podina "Ikani" ndi "Ok".

   

Izi zili zokwanira kukhazikitsa mawu achinsinsi. Ngati ndi kotheka, mu gawo lomwelo, mutha kuwonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito ena kapena magulu a ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ofikira rauta.

Kukumbukira pamanja

Kukhazikitsa rauta munjira yamanja kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso ndi kuleza mtima, chifukwa iyenera kuyambitsa magawo ambiri. Koma mwayi wosawoneka bwino mwanjira imeneyi ndi kuthekera kokhazikitsa rauta kuti muthe, poganizira zosowa zanu. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalitsa ntchito ngati izi kudzakhala kukulira kwakukulu kwa chidziwitso cha wogwiritsa ntchito m'munda wa ma network, omwe amathanso kudziwa kuti ndi nthawi yabwino.

Kuchotsa Kusintha Kwa Fakitoli

Kuchotsa masinthidwe a rauta ndi gawo loyamba lomwe makonzedwe ake amayambira. Muyenera kungodina pa "Zolemba" pazenera kuwonekera pomwe chipangizocho chikayamba koyamba.

Ngati zenera lotere sizikuwoneka - zikutanthauza kuti rauta yalumikizidwa kale. Zomwezo zidzakhalapo pokhazikitsa chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito, choyankha pa netiweki ina. Pankhaniyi, kasinthidwe pano kuyenera kuchotsedwa motere:

1. Mu winbox, pitani ku "dongosolo" ndikusankha "Kusinthasintha" kuchokera pamndandanda wotsika.

   

2. Pazenera lomwe limawonekera, lembani "osasinthika" osasinthika "ndikudina batani lokonzanso.

   

Pambuyo pake, rauta iyambiranso ndipo adzakhala okonzekeratu kasinthidwe kokha. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe dzina la Atolika ndikuyika chinsinsi mwazomwe zafotokozedwa mu gawo lapitalo.

Sinthani mawonekedwe ophatikizira

Chimodzi mwazovuta kukhazikitsa ma routa a microtic, ambiri amalingalira mayina a madoko ake. Mutha kuwaona mu "zigawo za Wintfals":

Mosakhazikika, ntchito ya doko ku Mikrotik zida zimachita ether1. Makina ena onse ndi madoko a LAN. Kuti musasokonezedwe ndi kasinthidwe kowonjezereka, mutha kuwadziwitsanso momwe wosuta amazolowera. Izi zifunika:

1. Dinani kawiri dzina lotsegula katundu wake.

   

2. Mu "Dzinalo", lowetsani dzina lofunikira ndikudina "Chabwino".

   

Madoko otsalawo amathanso kusinthidwa kapena osasinthika. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito sakwiyitsa mayina osasinthika, mutha kusintha kalikonse. Njirayi siyikhumudwitsa opaleshoniyo ndipo ndiyosankha.

Kukhazikitsa Intaneti

Kukhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi News netwonera kuli ndi njira zake. Zonse zimatengera mtundu wa kulumikizana komwe wopereka amagwiritsa ntchito. Ganizirani izi mwatsatanetsatane.

DHCP.

Mtundu wamtunduwu ndiwosavuta. Ndikokwanira kupanga kasitomala watsopano wa DHCP. Za ichi:

1. Gawo la "IP", pitani ku "DHCP kasitomala".

   

2. Pangani kasitomala watsopano podina pazenera lomwe limawonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, simuyenera kusintha, ndikokwanira kungodina "Chabwino".

   

• "Gwiritsani ntchito dns dns" gawo limatanthawuza kuti seva ya DNS kuchokera kwa woperekayo idzagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la a Peer NTP ndi udindo wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yolumikizirana ndi wopereka.
• Mtengo wa "YES" mu gawo lowonjezera la njirayo likuwonetsa kuti njirayi iwonjezeredwa pagome lanyumba ndipo ili ndi cholinga chofananira.

Kulumikizana ndi iP yokhazikika

Pankhaniyi, woperekayo ayenera kulandira gawo lonse lolumikizirana. Kenako muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Lowani mu gawo la "IP" - "amalumala" ndikugawa adilesi yofunikira ya IP.

   

2. Pitani ku "Njira" tabu ndikuwonjezera njira yokhazikika.

   

3. Onjezani adilesi ya DNS.

   

Pamalo awa amamalizidwa.

Kupanga Kuvomerezeka

Ngati athandizi a amagwiritsa ppure kapena L2TP kugwirizana, zoikamo anapangidwa "RDP" Winbox gawo. Kupita ku chigawo ichi, muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:

1. Kuwonekera pa kuphatikiza, kusankha mtundu wanu kugwirizana pa mndandanda dontho-pansi (mwachitsanzo, RPRO).

   

2. Pawindo kuti atsegula, kulowa dzina lanu Kulumikizitsidwa Created (ngati mukufuna).

   

3. Pitani ku "oyimba Out" tsamba ndi kulowa malowedwe achinsinsi analandira kwa athandizi a. The mfundo za magawo otsala kale tafotokozazi.

   

Configuring kugwirizana L2TP ndi PRTRs amapezeka mu nkhani yomweyo. Kusiyana kokha kuti "oyimba Out" tsamba, pali zina "Connect kuti" munda, pamene mukufuna kulowa adiresi ya Seva VPN.

Ngati WOPEREKA ntchito kumanga ku adiresi Mac

Imeneyi, muyenera kusintha doko WAN kwa amene amatipatsa ali wofunikila. Mu zipangizo yaying'ono, izi zikhoza kutheka chabe ku mzere lamulo. Izi zachitika motere:

1. Mu Winbox, kusankha menyu item "New Pokwelera" ndi kudina "Lowani" pambuyo kutsegula kutonthoza.

   

2. Lowani lamulo / Chiyankhulo Efaneti Ikani WAN Mac-adiresi = 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00
3. Pitani ku "polumikizira" gawo, kutsegula WAN mawonekedwe katundu ndi kuonetsetsa kuti adiresi Mac zasintha.

   

Pa ichi, kasinthidwe Internet udzatha, koma makasitomala maukonde kunyumba sadzatha ntchito mpaka maukonde wakume- kukhazikitsidwa.

Kukhazikitsa maukonde opanda zingwe

Mukhoza sintha maukonde anu opanda zingwe pa rauta Mikrotik mwa kuwonekera pa "Opanda zingwe" gawo. Ngati polumikizira gawo, mndandanda wa polumikizira mafoni omwe WLAN lakuti (malingana ndi chitsanzo rauta, pangakhale wina kapena zambiri).

The inachitikira motere:

1. mbiri Safety analengedwa kuti kugwirizana ake opanda zingwe. Kuchita izi, inu muyenera kupita ku tsamba loyenera ndi kumadula pa kuphatikiza mu mawonekedwe a mafoni tebulo. Pawindo kuti atsegula, mpaka kulowa mapasiwedi kwa Wi-Fi ndipo anapereka mitundu zofunika kubisa.

   

2. Kenako, awiri kuwonekera dzina la mawonekedwe a mafoni, katundu atsegulidwa ndi apo mwachindunji kukhazikitsidwa pa tsamba Opanda zingwe.

   

Magawo ili pa chithunzi ndi zokwanira kwa ntchito wabwinobwino wa maukonde opanda zingwe.

Network yakomweko

Pambuyo pochotsa kasinthidwe ka mafakitale ndi gawo la Wi-Fi wa rauta. Pofuna kusinthana kwa magalimoto pakati pa iwo, muyenera kuwaphatikiza mu mlatho. Zolemba za zisinthidwe ndizomwe zimapangidwa:

1. Pitani ku "mlatho" ndikupanga mlatho watsopano.

   

2. Gawani adilesi ya IP ku mlatho wopangidwa.

   

3. Gawani mlatho wopangidwa wa DHCP SUVE kuti itha kugawira zida zamakalata pa netiweki. Ndikofunika kuti mugwiritse ntchito wizard podina batani la "DHCP Detop" kenako ndikungosankha magawo ofunikira podina "pambuyo pake kusinthidwa kwa seva zatha.

   

4. Onjezani mawonekedwe a network ku Bridge. Kuti muchite izi, bwereraninso ku "Bridge" kachiwiri, pitani ku "madoko", ndikudina pa kuphatikiza, onjezerani madoko omwe mukufuna. Mutha kungosankha "zonse" ndikuwonjezera chilichonse nthawi yomweyo.

   

Pankhaniyi pa intaneti yakomweko imamalizidwa.

Nkhaniyi imakhala ndi mfundo zazikulu za makonda a microtic roure. Kuthekera kwawo ndi kosakanika. Koma masitepe oyamba awa akhoza kukhala mfundo yoyambira yomwe mungayambitse kulowa mu dziko lodabwitsa la ma network.