Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino za magawidwe olembedwa pa Linux Kernel amawerengedwa madera osiyanasiyana a desktop. Zipolopolo zambiri zopangidwa okonzeka zokonzeka zakonzedwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana, kufutukuka pansi pa gulu lililonse la wogwiritsa ntchito ndikuchita ntchito zina. Mu nsanja zambiri, imodzi mwa zipolowezo zakhazikitsidwa kale, koma ambiri akufuna kuyesa china chatsopano kapena chotayika posankha malo okhala ndi desiki. Lero tikufuna kukambirana za zipolopolo zotchuka kwambiri, zidakweza mawonekedwe awo akulu.
Enome.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kunena za Matenda - amodzi mwa mayankho odziwika kwambiri a magawidwe ambiri, monga Debian kapena Ubuntu. Mwina gawo lalikulu la chipolopolo lero ndi kasamalidwe kabwino kwambiri kwa zinthu zomverera. Komabe, izi sizikuletsa kuti mawonekedwe akuluakulu amachitidwanso pamlingo wapamwamba, umawoneka wokongola komanso wosavuta. Tsopano manejala oyang'anira ali ndi Nautilus, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wowonetsera mafayilo olemba, Audio, makanema ndi zithunzi.
Pakati pa mapulogalamu ogwiritsa ntchito mu Gnome pali emulant emular, mkonzi wa GEDIT, tsamba la msakatuli (Epiphany). Kuphatikiza apo, pali pulogalamu yamaimelo yowongolera, wosewera wa multimedia, njira yowonera zithunzi ndi zida zowonetsera zojambula. Ponena za zovuta za malo osungirako za desktop, pakati pawo mutha kuwona kufunika kokhazikitsa chinthu china chowonjezera cha tweak kunayamba kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a nkhosa.
Kde.
Kde si malo osungira nyama, koma mapulogalamu angapo omwe chipolopolo chimatchedwa plasma. KD imawerengedwa momveka bwino yankho losinthika komanso losinthika lomwe likhala lothandiza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ochokera m'magulu onse osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, tengani chitsanzo chakomwe chomwecho, chomwe tidanena kale, - monga zipolopolo zina, chida chowonjezera chimayikidwa kukonza mawonekedwe. Mu yankho lomwe likuganizira, zonse zomwe mukufuna kale zilipo mu menyu "dongosolo". Palinso kutsitsa ndi kukhazikitsa ma widgets, zikwangwani ndi omwe amachokera pazenera, popanda kuyambitsanso tsambalo.
Pamodzi ndi kde, mumapeza pulogalamu yayikulu, ndipo zina mwa izo zimagawidwa chifukwa cha chipolopolo ndipo sichikupezeka mwa ena, mwachitsanzo, kasitomala wa KTenelnt. Zinthu zoterezi zimakonda kusewera imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri posankha. Juses akufuna kuti akwaniritse zonse zofunika kwambiri ndikugwira ntchito mokwanira atakhazikitsa, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe izi. Komabe, silinali lopanda miposes. Mwachitsanzo, malo ogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe komanso zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito magawo ena ogwiritsa ntchito novice ogwiritsa ntchito. Pa Openstuse ndi Kuruntu KDU KDE KDE, kusakhazikika kumakonzeka kugwira ntchito.
Lembo
Mayankho awiriwa amadya nkhosa yamphongo yambiri ndikufuna za purosesa, chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri yazitsulo. Malo a LXDops a LXDOPA amayang'ana kugwiritsidwa ntchito kochepa kwambiri pazinthu zotsika ndikuyika monga muyezo mdera losavuta la Lubuteu. Chipolopolo chimagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo ya ulemu, pomwe gawo lililonse silimadalirana wina ndi mnzake ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito mosiyana. Izi zimathandizanso njira yotsimikizika ku nsanja zosiyanasiyana. Panjira yokhudza makina ogwiritsira ntchito: LXde imathandizidwa ndi mafayilo onse omwe alipo.
Mu sell yokhala ndi chipolopolo, mapulogalamu a magwiritsidwe a enial ndi gawo la eminal, zenera ndi manejala, mkonzi wa mafayilo, wosewera wamakono, pulogalamu yosiyanasiyana yokhazikitsa dongosolo. Ponena za kuwongolera, ngakhale wosuta Novice adzazindikira mosavuta ndi izi, koma maonekedwe a Lxde akuwoneka osagwira. Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti lingaliro lotere lidatengedwa kupita ku bungwe la liwiro lalikulu.
Xfce.
Kuyambitsa mutu wa zipolopolo zopepuka, ndizosatheka osati Mark xfce. Eni manjaro Linux kutengera arch Linux, mosavomerezeka, landirani yankho ili. Monga malo ogwirira ntchito cham'mbuyomu, XFCE imayang'ana kwambiri kuthamanga komanso mosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, pankhaniyi, maonekedwe amapangidwa kwambiri komanso monga ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, xfce ilibe nkhani zogwirizana ndi mitundu yakale ya mapulosesa, zomwe zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo pa chipangizo chilichonse.
Zonse zomwe zimagwira ntchito, monga makonda a dongosolo, zimapangidwa ngati zolekanitsidwa, ndiye kuti, njira yodzikuza iperekedwe pano. Njira imeneyi imakupatsani mwayi wokonza chipolopolo pachokha, kusintha chida chilichonse padera. Monga mu mayankho ena, xfce adatenga pulogalamu yokwanira ya mapulogalamu ndi zofunikira, monga manejala amagawo, oyang'anira ntchito, manejala amphamvu. Mwa mapulogalamu owonjezerapo pali kalendala, Player Player ndi Audio, mkonzi wolemba ma disk ndi disk. Mwinanso zovuta zofunikira za chilengedwechi ndi zochepa chabe zazinthu zomwe zikufanizira ndi mayankho ena.
Wokwatirana naye.
Mnzanu wakhala nthambi yochokera ku Gnome 2, yomwe tsopano siyithandizo yomwe siyikuthandizidwa ndipo yomwe nambala yake yabwezedwanso. Zinthu zambiri zatsopanozi zikuwonjezedwa ndipo mawonekedwe asintha. Opanga chipolopolo adatsindika za ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano, kuyesera kuti athe kuwongolera mkati mwa malo a desktop. Chifukwa chake, wokwatirana akhoza kuonedwa ngati zipolopolo zosavuta kwambiri. Mwachisawawa, malowa amakhazikitsidwa mu mtundu wapadera wa Ubuntu, ndipo nthawi zina amapezeka m'makonso ena ogwiritsira ntchito. Chosankha chomwe chikufunsidwanso chimakhala ndi zipolopolo zingapo zomwe sizikudya zinthu zambiri.
Mapulogalamu omwe ali muyezo, ndipo monga maziko a zida zomwezo 2. Komabe, zida zina zimakhazikitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a mafomu: code yamunsi yotsegulidwa idatengedwa ndipo imasinthidwa ndi opanga a chilengedwe cha desktop. Chifukwa chake, kudziwika kwa mkonzi wagit mu wokwatirana kumatchedwa Pluma ndipo umakhala ndi zosiyana zina. Sing'anga iyi idakalipo nthawi zambiri, zosintha zimakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo magwiridwe ake akungokulitsa.
Mtengo
Ogwiritsa Ntchito Kusankha Linux kuti alowe m'malo mwa ma utoto nthawi zambiri posankha nsanja yoyamba yodziwitsa, komanso chipolopolo chabwino kwambiri. Cinnamon nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa, popeza kukhazikitsa kwake kumafanana ndi malo a Windtovs a Hondtop ndipo amatopa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano. Poyamba, chinsalu chokha chinux chokha kuchotsedwa pachilengedwechi, koma kenako chikupezeka pagulu ndipo tsopano chikugwirizana ndi magawidwe ambiri. Sinamoni uli ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosinthika, mawindo omwewo, mapanelo, maonekedwe a manejala ndi magawo ena owonjezera.
Gawo lalikulu la mapulogalamu a muyezo kuchokera ku Gnome 3, popeza sinamoni wokhazikitsidwa ndi nambala ya chipolopolo. Komabe, opanga a Linux Mint adawonjezera mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana kuti achuluke magwiridwe antchito. Cinnamon alibe zolakwika zapadera, kupatula kwa ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi nthawi ndi nthawi amakumana ndi zolephera zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka mu ntchito, zomwe zitha kuchitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina kapena zovuta pakugwira ntchito pa ntchito yogwira ntchito yokha.
Budgie.
Pali magawidwe odziwika bwino solos. Kampani ya opanga omwe ali ofanana ndi pulatifomu ali pachiwopsezo ndikuthandizira zigoba zojambula za Budgics. Chifukwa chake, malo a desiki iyi amaikidwa mosavomerezeka. Imayang'ana kwambiri pamawonekedwe abwino komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano. Monga maziko ku Budgie, matekinoloje akome adatengedwa, omwe amapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi chipolopolo. Payokha, ndikufuna kuyika chizindikiro cha palnel. Mwa izi, kusintha kwa manuus onse, mapulogalamu ndi makonda, ndipo kuchokera pamenepa titha kunena kuti khwangwala ndi amodzi mwa mapanelo atsatanetsatane.
Mu 2019, matembenuzidwe atsopano a Budgini adapangidwabe, pomwe pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimamalizidwa ndipo zolakwika zimakonzedwa. Mwachitsanzo, m'magulu akale, kumaliza mwadzidzidzi kachitidwe kantchito kambiri, koma tsopano vutoli laperekedwa bwino. Kuchokera pamlingo, mutha kulemba makonda ochepa a desktop ndi kuchuluka kwa chigobachi: Tsopano pali njerdi yokha, manjado ilunk, solu ndi Ubuntu Budgie.
Kuunika
Pulojekiti yowunikira imayikidwa ngati mananja. Pakadali pano pali magawo atatu a chipolopolo awa: DR16 - njira yaying'ono yachikale, DR17 ndiye msonkhano wokhazikika komanso wa efl (kuwunikira ma | Manejala omwe akuganizira sizimatenga malo olimba kwambiri a disk ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri. Ndi muyezo ku Monos, Bodhi Linux ndi Opera.
Maliko ndikufuna kutchulapo kapangidwe kake, katswiri wosinthika wa zinthu zonse, thandizo lotsogola kwambiri la ma desktops omwe ali ndi ma desirial ma desktops omwe ali ndi nambala imodzi yolumikizirana ndi mapu. Tsoka ilo, mzere woyambira wa maneze pazenera suphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri, kotero ambiri aiwo adzaikira pawokha.
Icewm.
Popanga Icewm, opanga mapangidwe amayang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa zachilengedwe ndikusintha kwa chipolopolo. Woyang'anira uyu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna kudziyimira pawokha amatchulapo makonda onse mwachilengedwe kudzera m'mafayilo. Chimodzi mwazinthu za icewm ndi kuthekera kwa kuwongolera kwathunthu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mbewa ya kompyuta.
Icewm sizigwirizana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito a Novice ndi omwe akufuna kukonzekera nthawi yomweyo kuti agwire chipolopolo. Apa muyenera kukhazikitsa chilichonse chamakono, ndikupanga mafayilo apadera mu ~ /.icewm Directory. Mapulogalamu onse ogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi mtunduwu:
- Menyu - zinthu za menyu ndi kapangidwe;
- Chida - kuwonjezera mabatani oyambira ku ntchito;
- Zokonda - kuyika magawo onse a manejala pazenera;
- Makiyi - kukhazikitsa njira zazifupi zowonjezera;
- Zilonda - malamulo oyang'anira ntchito;
- Kuyambira ndi fayilo yofunika yomwe imayamba pomwe kompyuta imayatsidwa.
Lero tinkayesa mwatsatanetsatane zipolopolo zisanu ndi zinayi zokha zogawikirana pa Linux. Zachidziwikire, mndandandawu suli kwathunthu wathunthu, chifukwa tsopano pali nthambi zosiyanasiyana zamipingo. Tinayesa kunena za zabwino kwambiri komanso zotchuka kwambiri za iwo. Kukhazikitsa, choyamba mwa zonse ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha mtundu wa OS ndi chipolopolo. Ngati palibe kuthekera kotere, zonse zofunikira pakukhazikitsa kwa sing'anga kuli mu zolembedwazo kapena nsanja yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.