Momwe Mungapangire Ulalo Paulendo

Maulalo ndi amodzi mwa zida zazikulu pogwira ntchito ku Microsoft Excel. Ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira pamapulogalamu omwe amagwira ntchito mu pulogalamuyi. Ena mwa iwo amatumikirako kupita ku zikalata zina kapena ndalama pa intaneti. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungapangire mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotumizira mawu onena.

Kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maulalo

Nthawi yomweyo, tiyenera kudziwa kuti onse otanthauzira angagawike m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: omwe akufuna kuwerengera monga gawo la njira, ntchito zina ndi zida zina zopita ku chinthucho. Zotsirizira zimatchedwabe hyperlinks. Kuphatikiza apo, maulalo (maulalo) amagawidwa mkati ndi kunja. Mkati ndi mawu omwe akunena za bukuli. Nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera, monga gawo lofunikira la formula kapena kukangana kwa ntchitoyo, kuwonetsa chinthu china pomwe data yomwe ikukonzedwa ili ndi. M'gulu lomwelo, mutha kunena kuti omwe amalozera malowa papepala lina la chikalatacho. Onsewa, kutengera zinthu zawo, agawika kukhala wachibale ndi mtheradi.

Maulalo akunja amatanthauza chinthu chomwe chili kunja kwa buku lapano. Itha kukhala buku lina labwino kapena malo ake, chikalata cha mtundu wina komanso ngakhale tsamba la intaneti.

Kuchokera mtundu wanji wa mtundu womwe mukufuna kupanga, ndipo njira yosankha yolenga imatengera. Tiyeni tiime m'njira zosiyanasiyana mwatsatanetsatane.

Njira 1: Kupanga zonena munjira imodzi

Choyamba, lingalirani momwe mungapangire zosankha zingapo za mafotokozedwe amtundu, ntchito ndi zida zina zambiri zowerengera mkati mwa pepala limodzi. Kupatula apo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita.

Mawu osavuta kwambiri amawoneka motere:

= A1.

Chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha mawuwo ndi chizindikiro "=". Pokhapokha pokhazikitsa chizindikiro ichi mu cell musanawonekere, lidzawonedwa ngati likunena. Cholinga chake ndi dzina la mzati (pankhaniyi) ndi nambala ya chilumbu (pankhaniyi).

Mawu akuti "= A1" akuwonetsa kuti chinthu chomwe chimayikidwapo, deta kuchokera ku chinthu chomwe chili ndi ma contratsirani.

Ngati titayika m'malo mwa chipindacho, pomwe zotsatirapo zake zikuwonetsedwa, mwachitsanzo, pa "= B5", zomwe zimachokera ku chinthucho.

Kugwiritsa ntchito maulalo, machitidwe osiyanasiyana masamu amathanso kuchitidwanso. Mwachitsanzo, timalemba mawu otsatirawa:

= A1 + B5

Claucat pa batani la Enter. Tsopano, mu gawo lomwe mawu awa ali, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo zomwe zimayikidwa mu zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa A1 ndi B5 zidzapangidwa.

Mwa mfundo zomwezi, magawano amapangidwa, ochulukitsa, kuchotsa, zosokoneza ndi zochita zina zilizonse.

Kulemba ulalo wapadera kapena gawo limodzi la formula, sikofunikira kuchotsa pa kiyibodi. Ndikokwanira kukhazikitsa chizindikiro "=", kenako ndikuyika batani lakumanzere kwa chinthu chomwe mukufuna kutchula. Adilesi yake idzawonetsedwa mu chinthu chomwe mawu oti "ofanana" aikidwa.

Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti mtundu wogwirizanitsa A1 si yekhayo amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito munjira. Mofananal, ma exprel amagwira ntchito kalembedwe ka R1C1, momwe, mosiyana ndi mtundu wakale, magwiridwe ake amawonetsedwa ndi zilembo ndi manambala, koma ndi manambala.

Mawu akuti R1C1 ndi ofanana ndi A1, ndi R5C2 - B5. Ndiye kuti, pankhaniyi, mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a A1, ogwirizanitsa mzerewo ali pamalo oyamba, ndipo mzerewo uli wachiwiri.

Masitayilo onsewa amagwira ntchito yofanana, koma kuchuluka kosasunthika kuli ndi mawonekedwe A1. Kuti musinthe ku lingaliro la R1C1, mumafunikira magawo a Excel munjira, onani cheke moyang'anizana ndi kalembedwe ka R1C1.

Pambuyo pake, pagawo lozungulira, ziwerengero zimawoneka m'malo mwa zilembo, ndipo mawu omwe ali mu formula amapeza mawonekedwe R1C1. Kuphatikiza apo, mawu omwe sanalembedwe pamanja, ndipo dinani pa chinthu choyenera idzawonetsedwa ngati gawo limodzi ndi maselo omwe adayikiridwa. Mu chithunzi pansipa ndi njira

= R [2] c [-1]

Ngati mungalembe mawu pamanja, ndiye kuti zimatengera nthawi zonse R1C1.

Poyamba, mtundu wachibale udawonetsedwa (= r [-r [-1] c [-1] c [1]), ndipo wachiwiri (= R1C1) - mtheradi. Ulalo wapathengo umanena za chinthu china, komanso wachibale - pamalo a chinthucho, chibale ndi khungu.

Ngati mungabwerere ku mawonekedwe a muyezo, ndiye kuti kulumikizana kwa wachibale kuli ndi mawonekedwe A1, ndi Mtheradi $ 1. Mosakayikira, mafotokozedwe onse opangidwa mwaluso ndi achibale. Izi zikufotokozedwa kuti potengera kukopera ndi cholembera chodzaza, phindu m'mawu amasintha ndikuyenda.

1. Kuti muwone momwe zingayang'anire mchitidwewu, khwala kwa cell A1. Timakhazikitsa mu tsamba lirilonse lopanda tanthauzo "=" ndi dongo pa chinthu chomwe chili ndi ma A1. Adilesi atawonetsedwa ngati gawo la formula, dongo pa batani la Lower.



2. Timabweretsa cholozera chakumapeto kwa chinthucho, momwe zotsatira za formula zidawonekera. Cholozera chimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chodzaza. Dinani batani la Mouse kumanzere ndikutambasula pointral morel ku data yomwe mukufuna kuti mukonzekere.



3. Kukopera kunamalizidwa, tikuwona kuti mfundo zomwe zili mumitundu yotsatira zimasiyana ndi imodzi yoyamba (yolumikizidwa) yoyamba. Ngati mungasankhe khungu lililonse lomwe tidalemba data, ndiye kuti mu formula mumatha kuwona kuti ulalo wasinthidwa kukhala kusuntha. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuyanjana kwake.

Katunduyu nthawi zina amathandizira kwambiri pogwira ntchito ndi matebulo, koma nthawi zina muyenera kutengera njira yeniyeni yosasinthika. Kuti muchite izi, ulalo umafunikira kusintha kuti ukhale mtheradi.

1. Kuti mukwaniritse kusinthaku, ndikokwanira pafupi ma contranty molunjika ndikuyika chizindikiro cha dollar ($).



2. Tikayika chizindikiro chodzaza, mutha kuwona kuti mtengo womwe uli m'maselo onse omwe pambuyo pake pokopera umawonetsedwa chimodzimodzi monga woyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mukamayang'ana pachinthu chilichonse kuchokera pamtunda womwe uli pansipa mu chingwe cha fomula, chimatha kudziwa kuti maulalo sanasinthe.

Kuphatikiza pa mtheradi ndi wachibale, pamakhala maulalo osakanikirana. Zizindikiro za dollar mwina Colun Coluntals (chitsanzo: $ A1),

mwina okhawo omwe amagwirizana ndi zingwe (chitsanzo: $ 1).

Chizindikiro cha dola chitha kuchitika pamanja podina chizindikiro choyenera pa kiyibodi ($). Idzafotokozedwa ngati mu kiyibodi ya Chingerezi pa nkhani yapamwamba dinani pa kiyi ya "4".

Koma pali njira yabwino yowonjezera chizindikiro. Muyenera kuwunikira mawuwo ndikusindikiza fungulo la F4. Pambuyo pake, chizindikiro cha dollar chidzawoneka nthawi yomweyo m'malumikizidwe onse mozungulira komanso cholunjika. Pambuyo pokana pa F4, ulalo umasinthidwa kukhala wosakanizidwa: chizindikiro cha dollar chidzangokhala m'malumikizidwe a mzere, ndipo magwiridwe antchito adzatha. Wina wokakamira F4 udzachititsa kuti chikwangwani: Chikwangwani cha dollar chidzaonekere pa colunmin, koma magwiridwe antchito adzatha. Kupitilira apo, mukamakakamira F4, ulalo umasinthidwa kukhala wachibale wopanda madola. Osindikiza otsatirawa amawatembenuza kuti ikhale mtheradi. Ndipo kotero pa bwalo latsopano.

Mwambiri, simungatanthauze khungu limodzi, komanso nthawi yonse. Adilesi yamitunduyo amawoneka ngati ogwirizana a chinthu chapamwamba kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa kumanja, olekanitsidwa ndi chizindikiro chamumu (:). Mwachitsanzo, mtundu womwe udagawidwa m'chithunzichi pansipa ali ndi malo ogwirizira A1: C5.

Chifukwa chake, ulalo womwe ulipo ukuwoneka ngati:

= A1: C5

Phunziro: Maulalo ogwirizana ndi a Microsoft Excel

Njira 2: Kupanga zonena za ma sheet ena ndi mabuku

Izi zisanachitike, tinakambirana zochita mkati mwa pepala limodzi. Tsopano tiwone momwe mungatchulirepo malowa kapena buku lina. Potsirizira pake, sikakhala mkati, koma ulalo wakunja.

Mfundo za kulengedwa ndizofanana ndendende monga momwe timawonetsera pamwambapa pomwe zochita pa pepala limodzi. Pokhapokha ngati izi zikufunika kutchula adilesi yowonjezera ya tsamba kapena buku lomwe foni kapena mtunduwo imafunikira kutanthauza.

Pofuna kulozera mtengo wina pa pepala lina, muyenera kutchula dzina lake pakati pa "=" chizindikiro ndi magwiridwe antchito a cell, kenako ndikukhazikitsa chizindikiro.

Chifukwa chake kulumikizana pa cell pa pepala 2 ndi magwiridwe antchito a B4 kumawoneka motere:

= Mndandanda2! B4

Mawuwo amatha kuthamangitsidwa ndi dzanja kuchokera pa kiyibodi, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita motere.

1. Ikani chikwangwani cha "=" mu chinthu chomwe chidzakhale ndi mawu owerengera. Pambuyo pake, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachidule yomwe ili pamwambapa, pitani ku pepalalo komwe chinthucho chimapezeka kuti chikutchulira.



2. Pambuyo pa kusintha, sankhani chinthu ichi (khungu kapena cell) ndikudina batani la Enter.



3. Pambuyo pake, padzakhala kubwerera kokha ku pepala lapitalo, koma zomwe tikufuna zidzapangidwa.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe mungatchulirepo za gawo lomwe lili mu buku lina. Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti mfundo zomwe zagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso zida zazikulu ndi mabuku ena ndizosiyana. Ena mwa iwo amagwira ntchito ndi mafayilo ena apamwamba, ngakhale atatsekedwa, pomwe ena amafuna kukhazikitsa mafayilo awa.

Pazinthu izi, mtundu wa kulumikizana pamabuku ena ndiosiyana. Ngati mudziwitsa chida chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndi mafayilo, ndiye kuti munthawi imeneyi mutha kungotchula dzina la buku lomwe mukunena. Ngati mukufuna kugwira ntchito ndi fayilo yomwe siyitseguka, ndiye kuti mufunika kufotokozera njira yonse. Ngati simukudziwa, mumagwira ntchito bwanji ndi fayilo kapena musadziwe kuti chida chiti chitha kugwira ntchito nacho, ndiye kuti, ndibwino kutchula njira yonse. Ngakhale sizidzakhala.

Ngati mukufuna kutchula chinthu ndi adilesi ya C9, yomwe ili pa pepala 2 mu Bukhu loyendalo lotchedwa "Excel.xlx", ndiye kuti muyenera kujambula mawuwa mu gawo lomwe mtengo wake uwonetsedwa:

= [Excel.xlx] Mndandanda2! C9

Ngati mukufuna kugwira ntchito ndi chikalata chotsekedwa, ndiye, pakati pa zinthu zina, muyenera kutchula njira ya komweko. Mwachitsanzo:

= 'D: \ Foda yatsopano \ [Excel.xlx] SELT2'! C9

Monga momwe zimapangidwira kuti mupange pepala linanso, popanga ulalo wa chinthu china, mutha, momwe mungakhalire ndi khungu lomwe likugwirizana kapena mufayilo ina.

1. Timayika mawuwo "=" mu khungu komwe mawu oti afotokozere.



2. Kenako tsegulani bukulo lomwe mukufuna kutanthauza ngati sichikuyenda. Dongo pa pepala lake pamalo omwe mukufuna kutanthauza. Pambuyo pake, dinani ku Enter.



3. Pali zongobwerera ku buku lakale. Monga mukuwonera, yadziwa kale ulalo wa gawo la fayiloyo, yomwe tidayala mu gawo lapitalo. Muli dzina lokhalo lokhalo.



4. Koma ngati titseka fayilo kutanthauza, ulalo usinthe nthawi yomweyo. Ikufotokoza njira yonse ku fayilo. Chifukwa chake, ngati njira, ntchito kapena chida chothandizira ntchito ndi mabuku otsekedwa, tsopano, chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa mawu omwe atchulidwazi, zingatheke kuti mutenge mwayiwu.

Monga mukuwonera, cholumikizira cha fayilo ya fayilo ina yogwiritsa ntchito dinani pa sikuti ndizongoyenda bwino kwambiri pamanja, komanso zochulukirapo, kuyambira pomwe ulalowo umasinthidwa motengera ngati Buku latsekedwa lomwe limangotanthauza, kapena lotseguka.

Njira 3: Imagwira ntchito kawiri

Njira ina kutchulira chinthucho ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yam'mbuyo. Chida ichi chimangofuna kupanga mawu omwe akutchulidwa. Maumboni opangidwa motero amatchedwanso "wamkulu", popeza amalumikizidwa ndi khungu lomwe limalongosola mwa iwo ndi lolimba kuposa mawu wamba. Syntax ya ogwiritsa ntchitoyu:

= Dvsl (ulalo; A1)

"Lumikizani" ndi mkangano womwe amatanthauza khungu m'mawu (wokutidwa ndi mawu);

"A1" ndi lingaliro losankha lomwe limatsimikizira kuti mayanjano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito: A1 kapena R1C1. Ngati phindu la mkanganowu ndi "chowonadi", ndiye kuti kusankha koyamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "mabodza" ndiye yachiwiri. Ngati mkanganowu nthawi zambiri umasiyidwa, ndiye kuti amasungunuka akukhulupirira kuti kuyankhula kwa mtundu A1 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

1. Tawonani chinthucho cha pepalalo momwe njira yake idzakhala. Dongo pa "inter Apple".



2. Mu wizard ya ntchito mu "maulalo ndi arrays" block, timakondwerera "DVSS". Dinani "Chabwino".



3. Khomo la otsutsa la wothandizira uyu amatsegula. Mu "cholumikizira ku gawo la Chula" Adilesi atawonetsedwa m'munda, "kukulunga" ndi mawu ake. Gawo lachiwiri ("A1") silimasiyidwa opanda kanthu. Dinani pa "Chabwino".



4. Zotsatira zakukonzanso ntchitoyi zimawonetsedwa mu chipinda chosankhidwa.

Mwatsatanetsatane, maubwino ndi mitundu ya Dvrl imawerengedwa mu phunziroli.

Phunziro: Ntchito, ntchito ku Microsoft Excel

Njira 4: Kupanga Hyperlink

Ma hyperlink amasiyana ndi mitundu yomwe takambirana pamwambapa. Samatumikiranso "kukweza" deta kuchokera kumadera ena m'chipindacho, komwe ali, komanso kuti apange kusinthaku mukamadina m'dera lomwe akutchula.

1. Pali njira zitatu zosinthira pazenera lopanga ma hyperlinks. Malinga ndi woyamba wa iwo, muyenera kutsimikiza khungu momwe ma hyperlink aikidwe, ndikudina batani la mbewa. Mu menyu wamba, sankhani njira "hyperlink ...".

   

   M'malo mwake, mutha kuteteza chinthu chomwe ma hyperlink amayikidwa, pitani ku "kuyika" tabu. Pamenepo pa riboni muyenera kudina batani la "hyperlink".

   

   Komanso, mutasankha foni, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito CTRL + makiyi.

2. Pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito iliyonse mwanjira zitatuzi, zenera la mawu osiyidwa limatsegulidwa. Kumanzere kwa zenera, pali kusankha kwa, komwe kumafunikira kulumikizana:
   • Ndi malo mu buku lapano;
   • Ndi buku latsopano;
   • Ndi tsamba kapena fayilo;
   • Ndi imelo.



3. Mwachisawawa, zenera limayamba pokambirana ndi fayilo kapena tsamba lawebusayiti. Pofuna kugwirizanitsa chinthucho ndi fayilo, mu chapakati pazenera pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolowera, muyenera kupita ku chikwatu chimenecho cha hard disk komwe fayilo yomwe mukufuna ili ndikuwunikira. Itha kukhala buku la Excel ndi fayilo ya mtundu wina uliwonse. Pambuyo pake, magwiridwe ake adzawonetsedwa mu gawo la "Adilesi". Kenako, malizitsani opareshoni, dinani batani la "OK".

   

   Ngati pali kufunika kolumikizana ndi tsamba lawebusayiti, ndiye kuti momwemonso chithunzithunzi chofanana ndi tsamba la "Adilesi" yomwe mukufuna kungotchulira adilesi ya Weble ndi dinani pa "Ok" batani.

   

   Ngati mukufuna kutchula katswiri pa malo omwe alipo kale buku lapano, muyenera kupita ku "zomangirira malo omwe ali m'gawo la Chikalata". Kenako, mu gawo lalikulu la zenera, muyenera kutchulanso pepalalo ndi adilesi ya cell yomwe kulumikizana kuyenera kupangidwa. Dinani pa "Chabwino".

   

   Ngati mukufuna kupanga chikalata chatsopano chowonjezera ndikumanga pogwiritsa ntchito buku lapano, muyenera kupita kuchigawo "chomangirirani chikalata chatsopano". Kenako, m'dera la pawindo, perekani dzina ndikutchula malo omwe ali pa disk. Kenako dinani pa "Chabwino".

   

   Ngati mukufuna, mutha kulumikiza tsamba la tsamba ndi mawu opusa ngakhale ndi imelo. Kuti tichite izi, timasamukira ku "zomangiriza imelo" gawo la "Adilesi" likuwonetsa imelo. Dongo pa "chabwino".



4. Pambuyo pa mawu osilirawo adayikidwa, lembalo m'chipinda chomwe chilimwe chimapezeka, kusungunuka kumakhala kwamtambo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti hyperlink imagwira ntchito. Kupita ku chinthu chomwe chimalumikizidwa, ndikokwanira dinani kawiri ndi batani lakumanzere.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma hyperlink amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yolumikizidwa kukhala ndi dzina lomwe limadzitcha lokha - "Hyperlink".

Wogwiritsa ntchitoyu ali ndi syntax:

= Hyperlink (adilesi; dzina)

"Adilesi" - mkangano womwe ukusonyeza adilesi ya webusaite pa intaneti kapena fayilo pa hard drive, yomwe muyenera kukhazikitsa kulankhulana.

"Dzinalo" - mkangano mu mawonekedwe alemba, omwe adzawonetsedwa mu gawo lokhala ndi shperlunk. Kutsutsana kumeneku sikofunikira. Pakusowa kwake, adilesi ya chinthucho idzawonetsedwa mu pepala lomwe ntchito limatanthawuza.

1. Tikutsindika maselo omwe hyperlink adzakhala, ndi dongo pa "intern Accon".



2. Muzogwira Wizard, pitani ku "maulalo ndi arrays". Tikuwona dzinalo "Hyperlink" ndikudina pa "Chabwino".



3. Pawindo lotsutsana mu "Adilesi", fotokozerani adilesi ku webusayiti kapena fayilo pa Winchester. Mu "Dzinalo" timalemba zolemba zomwe zidzawonetsedwa mu pepala. Dongo pa "chabwino".



4. Pambuyo pake, mawu osiyidwa adzapangidwa.

Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire kapena kuchotsa hyperlinks mu Excel

Tidazindikira kuti pali magulu awiri olumikizana pamagome aposachedwa: ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhalidwe ndi antchito kuti asinthe (hyperlink). Kuphatikiza apo, magulu awiriwa agawidwa m'mitundu yambiri yaying'ono. Kuchokera pamtundu wapadera komanso umatengera algorithm kuti apangidwe.