Yuav Siv Inkscape Li Cas

Inkscape yog cov cuab yeej nrov heev rau kev tsim cov duab vector. Daim duab nyob rau hauv nws yog kos tsis los ntawm pixels, tab sis nrog kev pab ntawm ntau txoj kab thiab cov duab. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev no yog lub peev xwm los teev cov duab yam tsis tau poob ntawm cov duab uas muaj reble. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia koj txog cov txuj ci ua haujlwm hauv Inkscape. Ib qho ntxiv, peb yuav txheeb xyuas daim ntawv thov interface thiab muab qee cov lus qhia.

Cov hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Inkscape

Cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsom rau cov neeg siv novice inkscape. Yog li ntawd, peb tsuas yog qhia txog cov tswv yim yooj yim uas tau siv thaum ua haujlwm nrog tus editor. Yog tias, tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm, koj yuav muaj lus nug ib leeg, koj tuaj yeem nug lawv hauv cov lus.

Qhov Kev Pab Cuam Tshuam

Ua ntej ua raws li cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov editor lub peev xwm, peb xav qhia me ntsis txog yuav ua li cas inkscape interface yog npaj. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj kom pom sai sai cov cuab yeej yav tom ntej thiab kev taw qhia hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Tom qab pib lub editor qhov rai, nws muaj daim ntawv hauv qab no.

Koj tuaj yeem faib 6 qhov chaw tseem ceeb:

Cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tseem ceeb

Ntawm no, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem siv thaum tsim cov duab kos tau sau rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sub-claus thiab tso quav. Yav tom ntej peb piav qhia ib txhia ntawm lawv. Cais, Kuv xav kos lub npe ua ntej - "File". Nws nyob ntawm no uas yog cov pab pawg nrov xws li "qhib", "Txuag", "tsim" thiab "Sau".

Los ntawm nws thiab txoj haujlwm pib nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, thaum pib inkscape, ib 210 × 297 millimeters ua haujlwm thaj chaw yog tsim (A4 daim ntawv). Yog tias tsim nyog, cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv "cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom" subparagraph. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws nyob ntawm no thaum twg los tau txhua lub sijhawm koj tuaj yeem hloov cov xim ntawm cov nplooj av muaj kua nplaum.

Los ntawm txhaj rau ntawm kab kev cai, koj yuav pom lub qhov rai tshiab. Hauv nws, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov loj me ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm raws li cov qauv lossis qhia koj tus kheej tus nqi hauv cov teb sib haum. Ib qho ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm daim ntawv, tshem cov kaym thiab teeb cov xim ntawm cov nplooj ntoo muaj xim.

Peb kuj pom zoo kom nkag mus rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab qhib lub vaj huam sib luag zaub nrog keeb kwm kev txiav txim. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj txhua lub sijhawm los thim ib qho lossis ntau cov kauj ruam tsis ntev los no. Lub vaj huam sib luag tshwj xeeb yuav qhib rau sab xis ntawm lub qhov rais editor.

Lub cuab tam

Nws yog rau cov cab no uas koj yuav suav tas li. Muaj txhua daim duab thiab kev ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau xaiv cov khoom uas xav tau, nws yog txaus kom nyem rau ntawm nws lub cim ib zaug sab laug nas khawm. Yog tias koj tsuas nqa tus cursor rau cov duab ntawm cov khoom, koj yuav pom lub qhov rai pop-up nrog lub npe thiab cov lus piav qhia.

Cuab Cov Khoom

Nrog rau pawg no ntawm cov khoom, koj tuaj yeem hloov kho cov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov cuab yeej xaiv. Qhov no suav nrog smoothing, loj, piv ntawm radii, kaum sab xis ntawm inclination, tus naj npawb ntawm cov ces kaum thiab ntau ntxiv. Lawv txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej cov kev xaiv.

Kev Pab Cuam Tshuam Cov Vaj Huam Sib Luag thiab Vaj Huam Sib Luag

Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, lawv nyob ze, nyob rau thaj chaw yog thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov qhov rai thiab muaj daim ntawv hauv qab no:

Raws li lub npe hauv qab no, cov nplaum nplaum nplaum (qhov no yog lub npe raug cai) tso cai rau koj xaiv seb koj cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov kho ncaj qha rau lwm qhov khoom. Yog tias muaj, qhov tseeb nws tsim nyog ua - mus rau qhov chaw, cov nodes, cov lus qhia thiab lwm yam. Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem tua txhua yam khoom. Qhov no ua tiav thaum nias lub khawm sib raug rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag.

Ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag ua ntej, nyeg, cov khoom tseem ceeb los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov yog tsim, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li sau, cov chaw muaj thiab lwm cov.

Cov qauv paj thiab cov xwm txheej xwm txheej

Ob thaj chaw no tseem nyob ze. Lawv nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov rais thiab saib raws li hauv qab no:

Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov xim uas xav tau ntawm cov duab, sau lossis stroke. Ib qho ntxiv, ib lub teeb tsa tswj vaj huam sib luag yog nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej bar, uas yuav cia kom ze dua lossis tshem tawm cov canvas. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, nws tsis yooj yim heev. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau nias tus "Ctrl" yuam sij ntawm cov keyboard thiab ntswj cov nas log nce lossis nqis.

Ntshoo

Nov yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub qhov rai thov. Nws nyob ntawm no tias koj cov canvas nyob. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm, koj yuav pom cov kab npauj uas tso cai rau koj kom scrolls lub qhov rais cia lossis nce thaum ntsuas hloov. Nyob rau sab saum toj thiab sab laug yog txoj cai. Nws tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov loj ntawm daim duab, nrog rau teeb tsa cov lus qhia yog tias tsim nyog.

Txhawm rau teem cov lus qhia, nws yog txaus kom nqa tus nas poiner rau kab rov tav lossis ntsug, tom qab rub cov kab uas tshwm sim hauv kev xav. Yog tias koj xav tau tshem tawm cov lus qhia, ces txav nws rov qab mus rau tus kav.

Ntawm no yog tiag tiag tag nrho cov khoom ntawm lub interface uas peb xav qhia koj ua ntej. Tam sim no cia peb mus ncaj qha rau cov qauv piv txwv.

Thauj cov duab lossis tsim cov ntaub qhwv

Yog tias koj qhib cov duab raster hauv cov editor, koj tuaj yeem muab txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv lossis ua ke ntawm cov duab vector.

1. Siv cov ntawv "file" zaub mov lossis ctrl + o Qhov tseem ceeb ua ke, qhib cov ntaub ntawv xaiv qhov rai. Peb cim cov ntawv xav tau thiab nyem rau "Qhib" khawm.



2. Ib cov ntawv qhia zaub mov yuav tshwm sim nrog raster duab ntshuam hauv inkscape. Tag nrho cov khoom tawm tsis hloov thiab nyem rau "OK" khawm.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov duab xaiv yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov loj ntawm cov canvas yuav cia li yog tib yam li kev daws teeb meem ntawm daim duab. Hauv peb qhov teeb meem, nws yog 1920 × 1080 pixels. Nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm qhov. Thaum peb hais lus thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm, qhov zoo tshaj ntawm daim duab los ntawm qhov no yuav tsis hloov. Yog tias koj tsis xav siv ib qho duab ua ib qho, ces koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub pua uas tsim tau yog.

Txiav cov duab tawg

Qee zaum kuj yuav muaj qhov xwm txheej uas koj xav tau tsis yog tag nrho cov duab rau kev ua, tab sis tsuas yog nws cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, qhov no yog yuav ua li cas:

1. Xaiv cov cuab yeej "duab plaub thiab plaub fab".
2. Peb tau qhia txog qhov ntawd ntawm daim duab koj xav txiav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, clamp ntawm daim duab nrog khawm laug nas thiab rub rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia. Cia peb tso lub pob laug nas thiab pom duab plaub. Yog tias koj xav tau kho cov ciaj ciam, ces koj clamp lub lkm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ces kaum thiab ncab.



3. Tom ntej no, hloov mus rau "xaiv thiab hloov pauv" hom.



4. Nias lub "Ua Haujlwm" tus yuam sij ntawm cov keyboard thiab nyem khawm nas laug ntawm txhua qhov chaw nyob rau txhua qhov chaw nyob rau txhua qhov chaw nyob rau txhua qhov chaw uas tsis pub muaj xwm txheej.
5. Tam sim no mus rau "cov khoom" cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab xaiv cov khoom cim hauv daim duab.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsuas yog muaj cov lus muaj can can can canvas yuav nyob. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau qib tom ntej.

Ua haujlwm nrog txheej txheej

Tso cov khoom ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud pov rau ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud pov thawj yuav tsis tsuas yog cais ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis kuj yuav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kos duab.

1. Nyem rau keyboard, cov keyboard shortcut "Ctrl + L" lossis lub "txheej vaj huam sib luag" khawm ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag.



2. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais tshiab uas qhib, nyem lub "ntxiv txheej" khawm.



3. Lub qhov rais me me yuav tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv uas nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab lub npe rau txheej tshiab. Peb nkag rau lub npe thiab nyem "ntxiv".



4. Tam sim no peb tau nthuav tawm ib daim duab thiab nyem rau ntawm nws txoj cai-nias. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntsiab lus, nyem rau ntawm "tsiv ntawm txheej" kab.



5. Lub qhov rais yuav tshwm sim. Xaiv cov txheej los ntawm daim ntawv uas cov duab yuav pauv, thiab nyem lub pob kom paub meej.



6. Yog txhua yam. Daim duab yog nyob ntawm cov txheej xav tau. Txog kev ntseeg tau, koj tuaj yeem kho nws los ntawm txhaj rau cov duab ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ib sab ntawm lub npe.

Ib yam li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tsim ntau npaum li cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab hloov mus rau ib qho ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim nyog lossis khoom.

Teeb duab plaub thiab plaub fab

Txhawm rau kos cov duab saum toj no, koj yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej nrog tib lub npe. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yuav zoo li no:

1. Peb nyem ib zaug lub pob laug nas raws lub pob ntawm cov khoom sib raug rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag.



2. Tom qab ntawd peb nqa cov pointer nas rau cov canvas. Nias lub LKM thiab pib rub cov duab pom ntawm cov duab plaub ntawm cov kev taw qhia. Yog tias koj xav tau kos lub xwmfab, ces tsuas yog zawm ntawm "CTRL" thaum lub sijhawm kos.



3. Yog tias koj nyem rau ntawm cov khoom txoj nyem thiab los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov uas tshwm sim, xaiv "sau thiab mob stroke", koj tuaj yeem tsim kho cov qauv ntsuas. Cov no suav nrog xim, hom thiab tuab ntawm kev contour, nrog rau cov khoom sib xws sib xws.



4. Hauv cov cuab yeej cuab yeej vaj huam sib luag koj yuav pom tsis xws li "kab rov tav" thiab "ntsug vojvoog". Los ntawm hloov cov ntaub ntawv cov nqi, koj muab cov npoo ntawm cov duab kos duab. Koj tuaj yeem thim cov kev hloov no los ntawm nias lub "Tshem cov ces kaum" khawm.



5. Koj tuaj yeem txav cov khoom ntawm cov canvas siv cov "xaiv thiab hloov pauv". Ua li no, nws txaus los tuav LKM ntawm lub duab plaub thiab txav nws mus rau qhov chaw yog.

Teeb duab ntawm voj voog thiab oval

Sab hauv inkscape yog kos los ntawm tib lub ntsiab cai raws li duab plaub.

1. Xaiv cov cuab yeej xav tau.
2. Ntawm cov canvas, clash lub khawm laug nas thiab txav tus cursor hauv txoj kev yog.



3. Siv cov khoom, koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov kev pom dav dav ntawm qhov ncig thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm nws cov kev thim rov qab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog txaus kom qhia cov kev ntsuas qhov xav tau hauv cov teb sib txuas thiab xaiv ib qho ntawm peb hom voj voog.



4. Xws li cov duab plaub, cov voj voog tuaj yeem txhais cov xim ntawm kev sau thiab mob stroke los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov.
5. Tsiv cov khoom siv Canvas kuj siv "txoj haujlwm" ua haujlwm.

Daim duab hnub qub thiab cov polygons

Polygons hauv Inkscape tuaj yeem kos tau hauv ob peb feeb xwb. Muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau qhov no uas tso cai rau koj kom hloov kho cov duab ntawm hom no.

1. Qhib cov "hnub qub thiab cov duab ntoo" rau cov vaj huam sib luag.
2. Kaw lub khawm laug nas ntawm cov canvas thiab txav tus cursor hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia muaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, koj yuav muaj daim duab hauv qab no.



3. Hauv cov khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej no, xws li cov kev ntsuas uas yog "tus lej ntawm cov ces kaum", lub "vojvoog piv", "round" thiab "distortion" tuaj yeem tsim. Los ntawm hloov lawv, koj yuav tau txais cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv kiag li.



4. Cov khoom zoo li xim, mob stroke thiab tsiv ntawm cov canvas tau hloov pauv hauv txoj kev zoo sib xws, raws li nyob rau hauv cov duab yav dhau los.

Kos Duab Cov Qhaib

Nov yog daim duab kawg uas peb xav qhia koj hauv tsab xov xwm no. Cov txheej txheem ntawm nws kos duab yog xyaum tsis txawv ntawm cov dhau los.

1. Xaiv qhov point "kauv" ntawm cov toolbar.
2. Nyem rau ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm ntawm LKM thiab nqa cov pointer nas, tsis yog khawm tso tawm, hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia.



3. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom vaj huam sib luag muaj peev xwm hloov tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauv tig, nws sab hauv lub vojvoog thiab qhov taw qhia tsis ua hauj lwm.



4. Lub "Xaiv" cov cuab yeej tso cai rau koj hloov qhov loj ntawm cov duab thiab txav nws hauv cov canvas.

Kho pob caus thiab levers

Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias txhua tus duab kuj yooj yim, ib qho ntawm lawv tuaj yeem hloov dhau kev lees paub. Kuv ua tsaug qhov no thiab ua rau cov duab vector. Txhawm rau txhawm rau kho lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom lag luam, koj yuav tsum ua cov hauv qab no:

1. Xaiv cov khoom siv kos siv cov "xaiv".



2. Tom ntej no, mus rau "contour" cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab xaiv cov khoom uas cov khoom ntawm cov ntsiab lus teb.



3. Tom qab ntawd, tig mus rau "editing ntawm nodes thiab levers".



4. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau hais txog tag nrho cov duab. Yog tias koj tau ua txhua yam kom raug, cov nodes yuav pleev xim rau hauv cov xim ntawm kev sau cov khoom.
5. Nyob rau hauv lub zog vaj huam sib luag, peb nyem thawj "Ntxig Nodes" khawm.



6. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tshiab yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov nodes uas twb muaj lawm.

Qhov kev ua no tsis tuaj yeem ua nrog tag nrho daim duab, tab sis tsuas yog nrog nws thaj chaw xaiv. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov nodes tshiab, koj tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom lag luam ntxiv thiab ntau dua. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog txaus kom nqa tus nas pointer rau cov yam xav tau ntawm, clamp lub lkm thiab rub tawm cov khoom hauv qhov xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem rub dhau ntawm ntug siv cov cuab yeej no. Yog li, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom yuav yog ntau concave lossis convex.

Kos duab kev txiav txim siab contours

Nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab no, koj tuaj yeem kos ob qho tib si du kab thiab cov duab arbitary. Txhua yam ua tiav yooj yim heev.

1. Xaiv lub cuab yeej nrog lub npe tsim nyog.



2. Yog tias koj xav kos duab txoj kab kev txiav txim siab, tom qab ntawd thawb lub pob laug sab laug ntawm canrys nyob txhua qhov chaw. Nws yuav yog qhov pib ntawm kev kos duab. Tom qab ntawd, ua tus cursor hauv cov kev taw qhia uas koj xav pom cov kab no heev.
3. Koj tseem tuaj yeem nyem rau ntawm lub khawm laug nas ntawm cov canvas thiab ncab tus pointer rau ib sab. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib txoj kab zoo kawg nkaus yog tsim.

Thov nco ntsoov tias cov kab, zoo li cov duab koj tuaj yeem txav mus ncig ntawm cov canvas, hloov lawv qhov loj me thiab kho cov ntshav.

Kev kos duab nkhaus beziers

Cov cuab yeej no tseem yuav ua haujlwm nrog ncaj. Nws yuav pab tau muaj txiaj ntsig heev thaum koj xav tau ib qho khoom siv hauv paus uas siv cov kab ncaj qha lossis kos ib yam dab tsi.

1. Qhib txoj haujlwm uas yog li hu ua - "Bezier thiab ncaj kab" nkhaus.



2. Tom ntej no, peb ua tib xovxwm ntawm sab laug nas khawm ntawm cov canvas. Txhua kis yuav txuas txoj kab ncaj nraim nrog cov dhau los. Yog tias nyob rau tib lub sijhawm clamping LKM, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem bend qhov no ncaj qha.



3. Raws li nyob rau hauv tag nrho lwm kis, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov nodes tshiab txhua lub sijhawm rau txhua kab, resize thiab txav lub caij ntawm cov duab ua ntej.

Siv Penigraphic Cwj mem

Raws li kom meej meej tawm ntawm lub npe, cov cuab yeej no yuav tso cai rau koj ua kom koj cov ntawv sau zoo nkauj lossis cov duab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog txaus kom xaiv nws, teeb tsa cov khoom (kho, kho, dav, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem kos duab.

Ntxiv cov ntawv nyeem

Ntxiv rau ntau cov duab thiab kab, nyob rau hauv cov neeg tau piav qhia editor, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv nyeem. Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog tias cov ntawv nyeem tau sau txawm tias nyob hauv cov ntawv me me. Tab sis yog tias koj nce ntxiv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, tom qab ntawd cov duab zoo yog tsis ploj. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov ntawv hauv inkscape yog qhov yooj yim heev.

1. Xaiv cov "cov ntawv sau" cov cuab yeej.
2. Taw qhia nws cov khoom ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag.
3. Peb muab tus cursor pointer nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov canvas, qhov chaw uas peb xav tso cov ntawv nyeem nws tus kheej. Yav tom ntej nws tuaj yeem hloov tau. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tshem cov txiaj ntsig yog tias koj muab cov ntawv sau tsis yog qhov uas lawv xav tau.
4. Nws tseem nyob tsuas yog sau cov ntawv nyeem xav tau.

Txau Cov Khoom

Muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav hauv cov editor no. Nws tso cai rau koj los sau tag nrho cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv tib ob peb vib nas this hauv ob peb feeb. Cov ntawv thov ntawm txoj haujlwm no tuaj yeem tuaj nrog ntau, yog li peb txiav txim siab tsis txhob hla nws.

1. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum kos duab lossis khoom ntawm cov canvas.
2. Tom ntej no, xaiv cov "tshuaj tsuag cov khoom" muaj nuj nqi.
3. Koj yuav pom lub voj voog ntawm ib lub vojvoog. Kho nws cov khoom, yog tias koj xav tias nws tsim nyog. Cov no suav nrog lub vojvoog ntawm lub voj voog, tus naj npawb ntawm cov nuj nqis kos thiab lwm yam.
4. Tsiv lub cuab tam rau qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm uas koj xav tsim clones ntawm cov khoom yav dhau los.
5. Tuav LKM thiab tuav nws kom ntau li koj pom haum.

Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog raws li hauv qab no.

Tshem Tawm Cov Ntsiab Lus

Tej zaum koj yuav pom zoo nrog qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj duab kos tau yam tsis muaj rab riam. Thiab inkscape tsis muaj kev zam. Nws yog hais txog yuav ua li cas kom tshem tawm cov kos duab kos los ntawm cov canvas, peb xav qhia thaum kawg.

Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, txhua yam khoom lossis pab pawg tuaj yeem faib siv cov "xaiv" ua haujlwm. Yog tias koj tau nyem rau ntawm cov keyboard "del" lossis "rho tawm" tus yuam sij, tom qab ntawd cov khoom yuav tau tshem tawm. Tab sis yog tias koj xaiv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem ntxuav tsuas yog cov duab lossis cov duab xwb. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cav hauv Photoshop.

Qhov ntawd yog txhua yam txuj ci tseem ceeb uas peb xav qhia hauv cov khoom no. Sib txuas ua ke lawv txhua tus, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov duab vector. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv inkscape arsenal muaj ntau lwm lwm yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Tab sis txhawm rau siv lawv, koj yuav tsum muaj kev paub tob. Nco ntsoov tias koj tuaj yeem nug koj cov lus nug thaum twg los ntawm cov lus rau cov lus no. Thiab yog tias tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm koj tau ntseeg txog qhov xav tau ntawm cov editor, ces peb xav paub txog kev paub txog koj tus kheej nrog nws cov counterparts. Ntawm lawv koj yuav pom tsis tsuas yog Vector Iposors, tab sis tseem r reeb.

Nyeem ntxiv: sib piv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho duab