Debian configuration tom qab installation

Debian tsis khav ntawm lawv cov kev kawm tam sim ntawd tom qab installation. Qhov no yog qhov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system uas koj yuav tsum xub teeb, thiab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm yuav tsum tau hais yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws.

Tom qab lub computer pib dua, lub kaw lus yuav tau twb tau tshiab, li ntawd, koj yuav tau mus rau lub tom ntej no qhov chaw kauj ruam.

Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev pab cuam yuav kiag koj mus hloov tag nrho muaj repositories ntaub ntawv - nyem qhov "hloov tshiab" khawm, tom qab uas koj yuav tos rau tus txheej txheem kawg thiab npaj mus ua lub kauj ruam tom ntej.

Chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau

Yog hais tias rau ib co yog vim li cas koj yuav tsis configure siv cov Software & Tshiab qhov kev pab cuam, tib neeg ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas:

Qhib cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv uas daim ntawv teev cov tag nrho cov repositories nyob. Ua li no, hauv tsab xov xwm yuav siv cov Geedit ntawv nyeem editor, koj yuav tau sau qhov hais kom ua nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw.
Sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.
Nyob rau hauv lub editor uas opens, ntxiv "Main", "Contrib" thiab "Tsis-Free" cov tsiaj ntawv rau tag nrho cov kab.
Nyem Ntsia Txuag khawm.
Kaw cov editor.

Tom qab cov kev ua ua, kaw qhov kev pab cuam lub qhov rais los ntawm kev muab kev tso cai los mus hloov cov ntaub ntawv.

Chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau

Nyob rau hauv lub "Terminal" ntxiv cov backports repository, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov ntaub ntawv "Sources.list". Rau qhov no:

Qhib lub qhov kev kawm ntaub ntawv:
Sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.
Nyob rau hauv nws, teem lub cursor rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xeem kab thiab nias lub Sau tseem ceeb ob zaug, ua ib teg dleb, ces nkag mus rau kab hauv qab no:
Tus lim http://mirror.yandex.ru/Debian Stretch-Backports Main Contrib Tsis-Dawb
Tus lim-SRC http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian Stretch-Backports Main Contrib Tsis-Free (rau Debian 9)
lossis
Tus lim http://mirror.yandex.ru/Debian Jessie-Backports Main Contrib Tsis-Dawb

Tus lim-SRC http://mirror.yandex.ru/Debian Jessie-Backports Main Contrib Tsis-Free (rau Debian 8)
Nyem Ntsia Txuag khawm.
Kaw cov ntawv nyeem editor.

Yog xav thov tag nrho cov chaw, hloov cov daim ntawv teev cov pob:

Sudo apt-tau hloov tshiab

Tam sim no, rau nruab ib lub software system ntawm no repository, siv raws li nram no hais kom ua:

Sudo apt-mus nruab -t Stretch-Backports [Pob Name] (rau Debian 9)

lossis

Sudo apt-mus nruab -t Jessie-Backports [Pob Name] (rau Debian 8)

Qhov twg es tsis txhob "[Pob Name]" sau lub npe ntawm tus pob koj xav rau nruab.

Kauj ruam 5: Installation ntawm Fonts

Ib qho tseem ceeb caij ntawm lub cev yog fonts. Nyob rau hauv Debian, lawv yog pre-ntsia heev me ntsis, ces cov neeg uas feem ntau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv kho los yog cov duab nyob rau hauv lub Gimp kev pab cuam yuav tsum tau Iwj nrog daim ntawv teev cov twb uas twb muaj lawm fonts. Ntawm lwm yam, lub caw kev pab cuam yuav tsis tau mus ua hauj lwm tsis tau lawv.

Rau nruab fonts siv nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais, koj yuav tsum ua li nram qab no hais kom ua:

Sudo apt-mus nruab TTF-FreeFont TTF-MSCorefonts-Installer

Koj kuj yuav ntxiv fonts los ntawm Noto teeb:

Sudo apt-mus nruab Fonts-Noto

Koj yuav nruab lwm fonts, cia li nrhiav rau lawv nyob rau hauv Internet thiab tsiv mus rau lub ".fonts" nplaub tshev, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub system. Yog hais tias koj tsis muaj no sis, ces tsim nws tus kheej.

Kauj Ruam 6: Teem lub font smoothing

By txhim kho Debian, tus neeg siv yuav soj ntsuam ib tug phem smoothing ntawm system fonts. Qhov teeb meem no yog solved heev tsuas - koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog li cas nws ua tau:

Nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg, mus rau lub "/ etc / fonts /" directory. Ua li no, ua raws:
CD / etc / fonts /

Mus rau lwm directory siv cov CD hais kom ua nyob rau hauv lub Debian davhlau ya nyob twg

Tsim ib daim ntawv tshiab hu ua "Local.conf":
Sudo gedit Local.conf.
Nyob rau hauv lub qhib editor, nkag mus rau lub ntawv nram qab no:
RGB.
Yeej muaj tseeb.

hintslight
LCDDEFAULT.
tsis yog
~ / .Fonts.
Nias lub Txuag khawm thiab kaw lub editor.

Txuag ib daim ntawv hauv zos conf nyob rau hauv Debian

Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov system, lub fonts yuav muaj tej smoothing.

Kauj ruam 7: Suab Suab Dynamics

Qhov no qhov chaw yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsis rau tag nrho cov neeg, tab sis tsuas yog cov neeg uas hnov tus yam ntxwv suab los ntawm lawv cov system unit. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv ib co ua no parameter yog tsis xiam. Yuav kom txhim kho tau qhov shortcoming, koj yuav tsum:

Qhib lub configuration ntaub ntawv "FBDEV-BlackList.conf":
Sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/fbdev-blacklist.conf.
Thaum tus heev kawg mus sau npe rau nram qab no kab:
Blacklist PcSpkr.
Txuag hloov thiab nyob ze lub editor.

Peb cia li coj tus "PCSPKR" module, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub suab ntawm lub cev hais lus, blacklisted, ntsig txog, qhov teeb meem yog tshem tawm.

Kauj ruam 8: Teem codecs

Nyob rau hauv tsuas yog tus Debian ntsia system, yog tsis muaj multimedia codecs, qhov no yog txuam nrog rau lawv cov proprietary. Vim li no, tus neeg siv yuav tsis tau mus koom nrog ntau hom suab thiab video. Yuav kom kho qhov teeb meem no, koj yuav tsum mus nruab lawv. Rau qhov no:

Khiav cov lus txib:
Sudo apt-mus nruab Libavcodec-Extra57 FFmpeg
Thaum lub sij hawm lub installation txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum tau kom paub meej tias qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm typing lub "d" lub cim nyob rau hauv lub keyboard thiab nias ENTER.

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum nruab ntxiv codecs, tab sis lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lwm repository, li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau lub cev. Ua li no, ua raws li peb commands qho:
Su.
echo "# Debian Multimedia
Deb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org Stretch Main uas tsis yog-Free "> '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list' (rau Debian 9)
lossis
Su.
echo "# Debian Multimedia
Deb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org Jessie ntsiab uas tsis yog-free "> '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list' (rau Debian 8)

Txhim kho multimedia codecs nyob rau hauv Debian

Hloov tshiab repositories:
APT Hloov tshiab
Nyob rau hauv extradition, nws yuav tau muab sau tseg hais tias ib tug yuam kev tau tshwm sim - lub kaw lus yuav tsis nkag tau rau hauv GPG tseem ceeb repository.

Yuav kom kho tau qhov no, ua li no hais kom ua:
APT-TSEEM ADV --RECV-TSEEM --KEYSERVER pgpkeys.mit.edu 5c808c2b655558117

Ceeb toom: Nyob rau hauv ib co Debian ua, lub DirmNGR nqi hluav taws xob uas ploj lawm, vim rau qhov no, qhov hais kom ua yog tsis tau. Nws yuav tsum tau ntsia los ntawm executing qhov hais kom ua "sudo apt-mus nruab DirmnGr".
Kos yog hais tias tus yuam kev tau raug tshem tawm:
APT Hloov tshiab

Peb pom tias yog tsis muaj kev ua yuam kev, ces tus repository yog ntxiv ntse.
Nruab qhov tsim nyog codecs los ntawm khiav qhov hais kom ua:
APT Nruab Libfaad2 LIBMP4V2-2 LIBFAAC0 ALSAMIXERGUI TWOLAME LIBMP3LAME0 LIBDVDNAV4 LIBDVDREAD4 LIBDVDCSS2 W64CODECS (rau 64-ntsis system)
lossis
APT Nruab Libfaad2 LIBMP4V2-2 LIBFAAC0 ALSAMIXERGUI TWOLAME LIBMP3LAME0 LIBDVDNAV4 LIBDVDREAD4 LIBDVDCSS2 (rau 32-ntsis system)

Tom qab tag nrho cov khoom yog ua tiav raws li, koj nruab txhua tus tsim nyog codecs mus rau lub system. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm lub Debian chaw.

Kauj ruam 9: Nruab Flash Player

Cov neeg uas yog me ntsis txog cov Linux paub tias lub eeb neeg uas ua ntawv developers tau ntev lawm tsis tau tshiab lawv cov khoom nyob rau hauv no platform. Yog li ntawd, thiab kuj vim hais tias daim ntawv thov no yog proprietary, nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv ntau distributions. Tab sis muaj yog ib qho yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav nruab nws nyob rau hauv Debian.

Rau nruab tsev av Flash Player koj xav mus ua:

Sudo apt-mus nruab FlashPlugin-Nonfree

Tom qab hais tias nws yuav muab ntsia tau rau. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj yeej yuav tau siv lub Chromium browser, ces ua rau lwm tus hais kom ua:

Sudo apt-mus nruab PepperflashPlugin-Nonfree

Rau Mozilla Firefox Team Lwm yam:

Sudo apt-mus nruab Flashplayer-Mozilla

Tam sim no tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm qhov chaw uas tsim siv Flash yuav muaj rau koj.

Kauj ruam 10: Txhim kho Java

Yog hais tias koj xav tau koj lub cev kom raug zaub cov khoom ua nyob rau hauv lub Java programming lus, koj yuav tsum nruab no pob rau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub OS. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau ua tsuas yog ib hais kom ua:

Sudo apt-mus nruab Default-JRE

Tom qab executing koj tau txais cov version ntawm Java Runtime Cheeb tsam. Tab sis hmoov tsis, nws yog tsis haum rau kev tsim cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv Java. Yog hais tias koj xav tau qhov kev xaiv no, koj nruab Java Development Kit:

Sudo apt-mus nruab Default-JDK

Kauj ruam 11: Txhim kho ntawv thov

Nws yog tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub desktop version ntawm lub operating system siv cov "Terminal" thaum twg nws yog tau siv software nrog ib tug graphical interface. Peb muab rau koj ib tug txheej ntawm software pom zoo rau installation.

Evince. - ua hauj lwm nrog PDF ntaub ntawv;
VLC. - Nrov video neeg uas ua ntawv;
Cov ntaub ntawv-kev uas quav - archiver;
Bleachbit. - cleans lub system;
Gimp. - duab editor (Analog PhotoShop);
Clementine. - music neeg uas ua ntawv;
Qalculate. - lub tshuab xam zauv;
Shotwell. - kev pab cuam rau saib ib tug yees duab;
gparted. - editor ntawm disk partitions;
diodon - Txauv tsis saib xyuas;
LibreOffice-Writer. - ntawv nyeem processor;
LibreOffice-Calc. - tabular processor.

Ib txhia kev pab cuam los ntawm daim ntawv no muaj peev xwm twb yuav ntsia tau rau hauv koj qhov system operating, nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib txoos.

Rau nruab ib zaug xwb daim ntawv thov los ntawm daim ntawv, siv qhov hais kom ua:

Sudo apt-mus nruab Programname

Qhov twg es tsis txhob "ProgramName" tus qhov kev pab cuam lub npe.

Rau nruab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sau npe ib zaug, tsuas sau lawv cov npe los ntawm qhov chaw:

Sudo apt-mus nruab ntaub ntawv-kev uas quav Evince Diodon Qalculate Clementine VLC Gimp Shotwell Gparted Libreoffice-Writer Libreoffice-Calc

Tom qab executing qhov hais kom ua, ib tug ncaj ntev-ntev load yuav pib, tom qab uas, tag nrho cov kev cai tswjhwm software yuav tsum ntsia.

Kauj ruam 12: Txhim kho cov neeg tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv ib tug video card

Txhim kho lub proprietary video card tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv Debian yog ib tug txheej txheem, txoj kev vam meej uas nyob rau lub teeb ntawm yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias koj muaj AMD. Qhov zoo ces, tsis muaj ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm tag nrho cov subtleties thiab ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm commands nyob rau hauv lub "Terminal", koj yuav tau siv ib tug tshwj xeeb tsab ntawv tias tag nrho cov downloads thiab installs thiab installs. Nws yog hais txog nws tam sim no thiab yuav tau los sib tham.

Tseem ceeb: Thaum txhim kho cov neeg tsav tsheb, tsab ntawv kaw tag nrho cov dab ntawm lub qhov rais managers, li ntawd ua ntej executing cov kev qhia ntawv, tsuas yog tag nrho cov tsim nyog Cheebtsam.

Qhib cov "Terminal" thiab mus rau lub "RAU HAUV" directory, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus seem:
CD / USR / zos / Rau Hauv
Download tau SGFXI tsab ntawv los ntawm cov nom site:
Sudo wget -Nc SMXI.ORG/SGFXI
Muab nws txoj cai rau txim tuag:
Sudo chmod + x SGFXI
Tam sim no koj yuav tau mus rau lub virtual console. Ua li no, nias lub CTRL + ALT + F3 tseem ceeb ua ke.
Sau koj tus username thiab password.

Tau txoj cai ntawm superuser:
Su.
Khiav lub tsab ntawv los ntawm khiav qhov hais kom ua:
SGFXI.
Rau ntawm no theem, cov tsab ntawv scatters koj cov khoom thiab qhia qhov tseeb version tsav tsheb rau nws. Koj muaj peev xwm tsis kam thiab xaiv ib tug version koj tus kheej, siv qhov hais kom:
SGFXI -O [tsav tsheb version]
Ceeb toom: Tag nrho cov muaj versions rau installation Koj yuav nrhiav tau tawm siv lub SGFXI -H hais kom ua.

Tom qab tag nrho cov kev ua ua, tsab ntawv yuav pib loading thiab kev txhim kho cov xaiv tsav tsheb. Koj muaj peev xwm tsuas tos rau qhov kawg ntawm tus txheej txheem.

Yog hais tias rau ib co yog vim li cas koj txiav txim siab mus rho tawm hauv cov ntsia neeg tsav tsheb, ces koj yuav ua rau nws siv qhov hais kom:

SGFXI -N.

Muaj Teeb Meem

Zoo li lwm yam kev software, lub SGFXI tsab ntawv muaj shortcomings. Nrog nws cov tiav, ib co uas tsis zaum yuav tshwm sim. Tam sim no peb yuav soj tus nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lawv thiab muab cov lus qhia rau tshem tawm.

Ua tsis tau tejyam rau tshem tawm cov Nouveau module Cov. Daws tau qhov teeb meem no yog zoo nkauj yooj yim - koj yuav tsum mus pib dua lub computer thiab pib tsab ntawv dua.
Virtual consoles yuav hloov tau Cov. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub installation txheej txheem rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam koj yuav pom ib tug tshiab virtual console, ces rau lub resumption ntawm tus txheej txheem, tsab xa rov qab mus rau lub yav dhau los ib tug los ntawm nias lub Ctrl + Alt + F3 lub lag luam.
Scripping heev pib ua hauj lwm muab ib qho kev ua yuam kev Cov. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no yog vim cov uas ploj lawm "muaj-tseem ceeb" pob. Cov tsab ntawv thaum txhim kho nws downloads nws yeej, tab sis tuaj thiab muaj cov neeg tawm tsam. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem, nruab ib lub pob ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm kev nkag mus kawm qhov hais kom ua:
APT-Tau Nruab muaj-tseem ceeb

Cov no yog cov teeb meem nquag tshaj plaws thaum ua haujlwm, yog tias nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej, koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev paub nrog tag nrho cov kev coj ua, uas yog nyob ntawm tus thawj coj tus tsim tawm lub vev xaib.

Kauj Ruam 13: Hloov cov tsis siv neeg hloov ntawm Numlock

Txhua lub ntsiab ntawm cov kab ke tau teeb tsa, tab sis thaum kawg nws tsim nyog qhia yuav ua li cas configure hloov ntawm numlock digital vaj huam sib luag. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawd kev faib tawm, qhov ntsuas no tsis yog teeb tsa, thiab lub vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum muab rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm koj tus kheej thaum lub kaw lus tau pib.

Yog li teeb tsa, koj xav tau:

Rub tawm lub chanlockx pob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, sau cov lus txib no rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg:
Sudo apt-tau nruab chanlockx
Qhib lub neej ntawd cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua tiav kev ua tiav ntawm cov lus txib thaum lub computer pib.
Sudo gedit / etc / gdm3 / pib / ua neej ntawd
Ntxig cov kab lus hauv qab no hauv txoj hlua ua ntej "tawm 0" parameter:
Yog tias [-X / usr / bin / numlockx]; Tom qab ntawd.
Usr / bin / numlockx ntawm
ua li tiag

Default cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa hauv Debian

Txuag cov hloov pauv thiab kaw cov ntawv sau ntawv.

Tam sim no thaum koj pib lub khoos phis tawm, lub vaj huam sib luag digital yuav muab rau cia.

Tag

Tom qab ua txhua qhov kev teeb meem debian, koj yuav tau txais kev faib khoom, uas yog qhov zoo tsis yog rau kev daws cov neeg siv niaj hnub, tab sis tseem ua haujlwm hauv lub computer. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia meej tias cov chaw saum toj no yog qhov yooj yim, thiab muab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm tsuas yog siv feem ntau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab ke.