Debian ta kafa bayan ta hanyar shigarwa

Debian baya alfahari da aikinsu nan da nan bayan shigarwa. Wannan shine tsarin aiki wanda dole ne ka fara kafa, kuma a cikin wannan labarin za a faɗa masa yadda ake yi.

Bayan komputa ya sake farawa, an riga an sabunta tsarin, saboda haka zaka iya zuwa matakin saiti na gaba.

Bayan haka, shirin zai gaya muku don sabunta duk bayanan da ke akwai - danna maɓallin "sabuntawa", bayan wanda zaku jira aikin ƙarshen.

M

Idan saboda wasu dalilai baza ku iya saita sauke ba ta amfani da software & sabuntawa, ana iya aiwatar da wannan ɗawainiya ɗaya a cikin tashar. Ga abin da za a yi:

1. Bude fayil ɗin da jerin duk jerin masu gyara suna. Don yin wannan, labarin zai yi amfani da Editan Rubutun Geedit, zaku iya shigar da umarnin a wurin da ya dace.

   Sudo Geedit /etc/Pt/pp/Sources.list.

2. A cikin editan da ke buɗe, ƙara "Main", "mai ba da gudummawa" da "marasa amfani" da "marasa canji" ga duk layin.
3. Danna maɓallin Ajiye.
4. Rufe editan.

Bayan ayyukan da aka yi, rufe wannan shirin taga ta hanyar ba da izinin sabunta bayanan.

M

A cikin "tashar" don ƙara wurin ajiya na baya, dole ne ka shigar da bayanai zuwa fayil ɗin "Majalisar.list". Don wannan:

1. Bude fayil ɗin da ake so:

   Sudo Geedit /etc/Pt/pp/Sources.list.

2. A ciki, saita siginan kwamfuta a ƙarshen layin da ya gabata da latsa maɓallin Shigar sau biyu, yi indent, sannan shigar da waɗannan Lines:

   Deb http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian Stringch-Fadakarwa Main

   Deb-SRC http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian Stringch-Opfors Main da ba kyauta (na Debani 9)

   ko

   Deb http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian Jessie-OPPPS Main da ba 'Kyauta

   Deb-SRC http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian Jessie-Opandaran Jessie-Opandaran Jessibi Main da ba 'Kyauta (na Debanis 8)

3. Danna maɓallin Ajiye.
4. Rufe editan rubutu.

Don amfani da duk saitunan, sabunta jerin kunshin:

Sudo dace-samun sabuntawa

Yanzu, don shigar da tsarin software daga wannan wurin ajiya, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa:

Sudo apt-samun shigar -t shimfiɗa [sunan mai kunshin) (don Debian 9)

ko

Sudo apt-samun shigar -t jesie-baprors [sunan mai kunshin] (don Debian 8)

Inda maimakon "[sunan wani sunan]" Shigar da sunan kunshin da kake son kafawa.

Mataki na 5: Shigarwa na Fonts

Muhimmin abu na tsarin shine font. A Debian, an gabatar dasu sosai, don haka masu amfani waɗanda galibi suna aiki a cikin editocin rubutu ko hotuna a cikin tsarin Gimp dole ne a cika shi da jerin abubuwanda suke dasu. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, shirin giya ba zai iya yin aiki daidai ba tare da su.

Don shigar da fonts da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Windows, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da wannan umarnin:

Sudo apt-sami shigar ttf-freefont ttf-mscorefonts-mai sakawa

Hakanan zaka iya ƙara fonts daga Noto Saiti:

Sudo dace-Samu shigar da font-Noto

Kuna iya shigar da sauran fonts, kawai neman su akan Intanet kuma yana ƙaura zuwa babban fayil ɗin ".Fonds" babban fayil, wanda ke cikin tushen tsarin. Idan baku da wannan babban fayil, to, haifar da kanka.

Mataki na 6: Kafa font suttura

Ta hanyar shigar da Debian, mai amfani zai iya lura da mummunar sanyaya kayan aikin. An magance wannan matsalar sosai - kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar fayil na musamman na musamman. Wannan shi ne yadda ake yi:

1. A cikin tashar, je zuwa "/ sauransu / fonts /" directory. Don yin wannan, bi:

   CD / da sauransu / Fonts /



2. Airƙiri sabon fayil mai suna "na gida.conf":

   Sudo Gedit na Local.conf.

3. A cikin editan da aka bude, shigar da masu zuwa:

   RGB.

   Gaskiya ne.

   haskaka

   Lcddefault.

   na ƙarya

   ~ / .fonts.

4. Danna maɓallin Ajiye da rufe Edita.

Bayan haka, a cikin dukkan tsarin, fonts za su sami ainihin abin da ake ciki.

Mataki na 7: Sauti na Knamics

Dole ne a gudanar da wannan saitin ba ga duk masu amfani ba, amma ga waɗanda suka ji halin halayyar daga ɓangaren tsarin su. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa a wasu suna gina wannan siga ba nakasasshe ba. Don gyara wannan gazawa, kuna buƙatar:

1. Bude fayil ɗin sanyi "fbdev-blacklist.conf":

   Sudo Geedit /etc/wodprobe.d/fbdev-blacklist.conf.

2. A karshen don yin rijistar layi mai zuwa:

   Blacklist pcspkr.

3. Ajiye canje-canje da rufe editan.

Mun kawai kawo "PCSPKR" module, wanda ke da alhakin sautin tsarin magana, sabawa, an kawar da matsalar.

Mataki na 8: Kafa Codecs

A cikin tsarin Debani kawai wanda aka shigar da shi, babu shi babu lambar multimea, wannan tana da alaƙa da sashin mallaka. Saboda wannan, mai amfani ba zai iya hulɗa tare da yawancin nau'ikan Audio da bidiyo ba. Don gyara halin da ake ciki, kuna buƙatar shigar da su. Don wannan:

1. Gudanar da umarnin:

   Sudo apt-samun shigar Libavodec-karin57 ffmidec

   A yayin aikin shigarwa, zaku buƙaci tabbatar da aikin ta hanyar buga alamar "D" akan maɓallin keyboard da latsa Shigar.



2. Yanzu kuna buƙatar shigar da ƙarin codecs, amma suna cikin wani ajiya, don haka dole ne a ƙara wa tsarin. Don yin wannan, bi umarni uku a zahiri:

   Su.

   echo "# deban multimedia

   Deb Ftp://FTP.Dob-multimeia.org ya shimfiɗa babban 'kyauta ">' /etc/ptc/part

   ko

   Su.

   echo "# deban multimedia

   Deb Ftp:// Faraptimea.org Jessie Main ba 'kyauta ">' /etc/Pt/ptours.listist.d/deb-mist '(don Debian 8)



3. Sabunta Saƙo:

   Sabunta sabuntawa

   A cikin hisabi, ana iya lura da cewa kuskure ya faru - tsarin ba zai iya samun damar maɓallin ajiyar GPG ba.

   

   Don gyara wannan, aiwatar da wannan umarnin:

   APT-Key Adv --recv-Key --reclver pgpkesetys.mit.edu 5c808C2B65558117

   

   SAURARA: A wasu 'yan Debian sun gina, ba a cika amfani da Dirtr Trirtrr, saboda wannan, ba a yi umarnin ba. Dole ne a shigar ta hanyar aiwatar da umarnin "sudo apt-samun shigar dirtrgr".

4. Duba idan an cire kuskuren:

   Sabunta sabuntawa

   

   Mun ga cewa babu kuskure, sannan an ƙara mangain da cikin nasara.

5. Shigar da codecs masu mahimmanci ta hanyar gudanar da umarnin:

   Apt Suwa Libfaad2 Libmp3V2-2 Libfiac0 Alsamixergui Finalmp3lame0 na Libbedrad2

   ko

   Apt Sanya Libfaac0 Alsamixergii Dibiyar Libmp3lame00 Libbdread 0

Bayan duk abubuwan an cika, ka shigar da dukkanin codecs ɗin da ake buƙata zuwa tsarin. Amma wannan ba ƙarshen saitin belian ba ne.

Mataki na 9: Sanya Flash Player

Wadanda suka saba da Linux sun san cewa ba a sabunta samfuran su ba akan wannan dandam. Saboda haka, kuma saboda wannan aikace-aikacen shine kasawa, ba a cikin rarraba abubuwa da yawa ba. Amma akwai hanya mai sauƙi don shigar da shi a Debian.

Don shigar da ƙirar Adobe Flash ɗin da kuke buƙatar yi:

Sudo dace-sami shigar da Flashplugin-wadanda ba shi da

Bayan haka za a shigar. Amma idan za ku yi amfani da mai binciken Chrisium, to, yi wani umarni:

Supon Apt-Samu Rajistar Sandom

Ga kungiyar Mozilla Firefox Sauran:

Sudo apt-Sami Cire Flashplayer-Mozilla

Yanzu duk abubuwan shafukan yanar gizon da aka kirkira ta amfani da Flash za su kasance a gare ku.

Mataki na 10: Sanarwa Java

Idan kuna son tsarinku don abubuwan nuna abubuwan da aka yi a cikin yaren Java, dole ne ku shigar da wannan kunshin zuwa kanta a cikin OS. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da umarni ɗaya kawai:

Sudo dace-sami shigar da-Jre

Bayan aiwatar da ku sami nau'in yanayin Java Runtime. Amma abin takaici, bai dace da ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen ba. Idan kuna buƙatar wannan zaɓi, shigar da kayan haɓaka Java:

Sudo dace-sami shigar da tsoho-jdk

Mataki na 11: Sanarwa Aikace-aikace

Ba lallai ba ne a cikin tsarin tebur na tsarin aiki don amfani kawai da "tashar" kawai lokacin da zai yiwu a yi amfani da software tare da ke dubawa mai hoto. Muna ba ku sahun software da aka ba da shawarar don shigarwa.

• Wakili. - Yana aiki tare da fayilolin PDF;
• VLC. - Shahararren bidiyo mai kunna;
• Fayil-roller - Microver;
• Bleachbit. - Yana tsaftace tsarin;
• Gimp. - Editar hoto (Photoshop);
• Clementine. - Mai kunna kiɗan;
• Qalcate. - kalkuleta;
• Shotwell. - Shirin duba hoto;
• Gparted. - Edita na Disk sassan bangare;
• doda - Musanya Manajan Buffer;
• Marubucin Libreehofice. - Mai tsara rubutu;
• LibreeOffice-ccal. - Tabular Processor.

Wasu shirye-shirye daga wannan jerin za a iya shigar da su a cikin tsarin aikin ku, duk ya dogara da Majalisar.

Don shigar da aikace-aikace guda daga jerin, yi amfani da umarnin:

Sudo dace-sami shigar da shirye-shirye

Inda maimakon "Tsarin Tsara" ya maye gurbin sunan shirin.

Don shigar da duk aikace-aikace a sau ɗaya, kawai jera sunayensu ta hanyar sarari:

Sudo apt-Samu fillol-rollower masallacin masoya na Doreon Qalcuate Clementine VLC Gimp shotwell na libreockfice-clc Libreockfice-cly

Bayan aiwatar da umarnin, nauyin mai dorewa zai fara, bayan haka, za a shigar da dukkan software ɗin da aka ƙayyade.

Mataki na 12: Shigar da Direbobi a katin bidiyo

Shigar da direban katin bidiyo a hannun Debian tsari ne wanda ya dogara da saitin dalilai, musamman idan kuna da ADD. An yi sa'a, maimakon cikakken cikakken bayani game da duk abubuwan da aka tsara kuma suna yin rubutun na musamman, zaka iya amfani da allon Musamman da duk abubuwan da aka saukar da su da kuma shigar da fayil. Labari ne game da shi yanzu kuma za a tattauna.

Mahimmanci: Lokacin shigar da direbobi, rubutun yana rufe dukkan ayyukan manajojin taga, don haka kafin aiwatar da koyarwar, ajiye duk abubuwan da suka dace.

1. Bude kalmar "tashar" kuma je directory ɗin "Bin", wanda yake a cikin tushen tushen:

   CD / USR / gida / Bin

2. Zazzage rubutun SGFXI daga shafin yanar gizon:

   Sudo wget -nnc smxi.org/sgfxi

3. Ka ba shi 'yancin aiwatarwa:

   Sudo chmod + x sgfxi

4. Yanzu kuna buƙatar zuwa wasan bidiyo na Virtual. Don yin wannan, danna Ctrl + ALT + F3 Key Haɗin.
5. Shigar da sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa.



6. Samu dama na Superuser:

   Su.

7. Run rubutun ta hanyar tafiyar da umarnin:

   SGFXI.

8. A wannan matakin, rubutun ya watsar da kayan aikin ku kuma yana nuna sabon direban sigar da ke kan shi. Kuna iya ƙi ka zabi wani nau'in kanka, amfani da umarnin:

   SGFXI -O [Direban]

   SAURARA: Dukkan nau'ikan su shigarwa Zaka iya gano umarnin SGFXI -H.

Bayan duk ayyukan da aka yi, rubutun zai fara ɗaukar kaya da shigar da direba da aka zaɓa. Kuna iya jira kawai don ƙarshen aikin.

Idan saboda wasu dalilai kuka yanke shawarar share direban da aka shigar, to zaku iya sa shi amfani da umarnin:

SGFXI -N.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa

Kamar kowane software, rubutun SGFXI yana da gazawa. Tare da kisan, wasu kurakurai na iya faruwa. Yanzu za mu bincika mafi shahararsu kuma mu ba da umarni don ciyarwa.

1. Ba a yi nasarar cire mafita ta Nouveau ba . Warware matsalar yana da sauki - kuna buƙatar sake kunna kwamfutar kuma fara rubutun sake.
2. Virtu Consules zai canza ta atomatik . Idan a cikin tsarin shigarwa akan allon za ku ga sabon na'ura wasan bidiyo mai kyau, to, don sake dawo da aikin, kawai komawa zuwa wanda ya gabata ta latsa makullin Ctrl + Alt + F3 makullin.
3. Scriping a farkon aiki yana ba da kuskure . A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan ya faru ne saboda ɓataccen "ingantaccen-mahimmanci". Rubutun lokacin shigar dashi yana saukar da shi ta atomatik, amma zo kuma akwai masu zanga-zangar. Don magance matsalar, shigar da kunshin da kansa ta hanyar shigar da umarnin:

   Apt-Samu Shigar da Gina Tsararru

Waɗannan matsaloli mafi yawan lokuta yayin aiki a matsayin rubutun, idan a cikinsu ba ku nemo kanmu ba, wanda za ku iya samun cikakken ikon shafin yanar gizon mai haɓaka.

Mataki na 13: Daidaita Sauyawa akan ATTPL

Dukkanin abubuwan da aka gyara tsarin an riga an saita su, amma a ƙarshe ya cancanci yin yadda ake saita sauya canjin atomatik. Gaskiyar ita ce a cikin tsohuwar Debian ta asali, wannan siga ba a saita shi, kuma dole ne a kunna kwamitin a kowane lokaci a kan kanku lokacin da tsarin ya fara ne.

Don haka don kafa, kuna buƙatar:

1. Zazzage kunshin mai narlox. Don yin wannan, shigar da wannan umarni ga tashar:

   Sudo apt-Samu Sanya Numlox

2. Bude fayil ɗin tsoho fayil. Wannan fayil ɗin yana da alhakin aiwatar da aiwatar da umarni ta atomatik lokacin da komputa ya fara.

   Sudo Gedit / Etc / GDM3 / Into / Tsohuwar

3. Saka wannan rubutun a cikin kirtani kafin "fita 0"

   Idan [-X / USR / DUT / iylolox]; Sannan.

   USR / AT / Numlolox ON

   fi



4. Ajiye canje-canje da rufe editan rubutu.

Yanzu lokacin da kuka fara kwamfutar, za a kunna kwamitin dijital akan ta atomatik.

Ƙarshe

Bayan aiwatar da dukkan abubuwan saitin saitin ta hanyar Debania, zaku sami rarraba, wanda yake da girma ba kawai don warware ayyukan yau da kullun ba, har ma don yin aiki a kwamfutar. Wajibi ne a fayyace cewa saitunan da ke sama sune ainihin, kuma suna samar da al'ada na al'ada abubuwan da aka yi amfani da tsarin.