Vat dabara a fice

Ofaya daga cikin alamun alamun da ya wajaba don magance masu lissafi, ma'aikatan haraji da masu kamfanoni masu zaman kansu haraji ne. Sabili da haka, batun lissafin sa ya zama ya dace da su, kazalika da lissafin sauran alamomin da suka shafi shi. Kuna iya yin wannan kalkuleta don adadin guda ɗaya ta amfani da countulator na al'ada. Amma, idan kuna buƙatar yin lissafi da Vat a cikin dabi'un kuɗi da yawa, to zai sa shi matsala sosai tare da coculator guda ɗaya. Bugu da kari, injin da aka ƙididdige shi ba koyaushe yana dacewa da amfani.

An yi sa'a, a Excel, zaku iya haɓaka lissafin sakamakon da ake buƙata don bayanan tushen, waɗanda aka jera a cikin tebur. Bari mu tantance yadda ake yin shi.

Tsarin lissafi

Kafin a ci gaba kai tsaye zuwa lissafin, bari mu gano menene biyan haraji. Harajin ƙara darajar haraji ne na kai tsaye, wanda ke da siyar da masu siyarwa da sabis daga adadin kayayyaki da aka sayar. Amma na ainihi masu biyan kuɗi sune masu siye, tunda ƙimar biyan haraji an riga an haɗa shi a farashin da aka siya samfuran ko sabis.

A cikin Tarayyar Rasha a daidai lokacin akwai adadin haraji a cikin adadin 18%, amma a wasu ƙasashe na duniya yana iya bambanta. Misali, a Austria, babban Birtaniya, Ukraine da Beruser, daidai yake da 20%, a cikin Jamus - 27%, a Kazakhstan - 12%. Amma a lissafin zamuyi amfani da lambar haraji da ya dace da Rasha. Koyaya, kawai ta canza ƙimar biyan, waɗancan algorithms na lissafin da za'a iya nuna shi a ƙasa kuma ana amfani da wannan nau'in biyan haraji.

A wannan batun, ana saita irin waɗannan ayyukan yau da kullun ga masu bi, ma'aikatan sabis da 'yan kasuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban:

• Lissafin vat kanta daga farashi ba tare da haraji ba;
• Lissafin vat daga farashin da aka riga aka haɗa;
• Lissafta na adadin ba tare da vat daga kudin da aka riga aka haɗa da harajin ba;
• Lissafin adadin tare da Vat daga farashin ba tare da haraji ba.

Ta hanyar aiwatar da lissafin bayanai a cikin yadda, zamu kara aiki da aiki.

Hanyar 1: lissafin VAT daga Tasirin Haraji

Da farko dai, bari mu gano yadda ake lissafta Vat daga gindi. Abu ne mai sauki. Don aiwatar da wannan aikin, kuna buƙatar ninka yawan haraji zuwa ƙididdigar haraji, wanda shine 18% a Rasha, ko kuma lamba 0.18. Don haka, muna da tsari:

"VAT" = "gindi" x 18%

Don Excel, Tsarin lissafin zai ɗauki wannan tsari

= lamba * 0.18

A zahiri, "lamba" mai yawa magana ce ta wannan harajin ko hanyar haɗi zuwa tantanin halitta wanda wannan adadi yana. Bari muyi kokarin amfani da wadannan ilimin a aikace na takamaiman tebur. Ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai uku. Na farko shine sanannun ƙimar harajin haraji. A karo na biyu dabi'u da ake so waɗanda ya kamata mu lissafa. Shafi na uku zai zama adadin kaya tare da darajar haraji. Ba shi da wuya a iya tsammani, ana iya yin lissafi ta hanyar ƙara bayanan na farko da na biyu shafi.

1. Zaɓi tantanin farko na mai magana da bayanan da ake buƙata. Mun sanya alamar "=" a ciki, sannan danna tantanin halitta a cikin layi ɗaya daga shafi na gindin haraji. Kamar yadda kake gani, adireshin ta ya shiga cikin wannan kashi inda muke yin lissafi. Bayan haka, a cikin sel sel, ka saita alamar yabo ta Excel (*). Na gaba, tuƙi daga maɓallin girman "18%" ko "0.18". A karshen, dabara daga wannan misalin ta ɗauki wannan nau'in:

   = A3 * 18%

   A cikin yanayinku, zai kasance daidai daidai sai don farkon abin. Madadin "A3", ana iya samun sauran daidaitawa, gwargwadon abin da mai amfani ya sanya bayanai waɗanda ke ɗauke da ginin harajin.



2. Bayan wannan, don nuna sakamakon da aka gama a cikin sel, danna Shigar da Enstery a cikin keyboard. Za'a samar da lissafin da ake buƙata nan take.



3. Kamar yadda kake gani, an samo sakamakon da alamun guda hudu. Amma, kamar yadda kuka sani, sashin kuɗi na ɓoye yana iya samun alamun lambobi biyu kawai (dinenny). Don haka sakamakonmu daidai ne, kuna buƙatar kewaye alamun alamun kuɗi biyu. Sanya shi ta amfani da tsarin tantanin halitta. Domin kada komawa zuwa wannan batun daga baya, samar da dukkanin sel da aka yi niyya don wurin da ƙimar kuɗi na kuɗi a lokaci ɗaya.

   Zaɓi kewayon tebur da aka tsara don sanya ƙimar lambobi. Danna dama linzamin kwamfuta. An ƙaddamar da menu na mahallin. Zaɓi Sells "Tsarin Sells" a ciki.



4. Bayan haka, an ƙaddamar da taga taga. Matsar cikin shafin "lamba" idan an buɗe ta wani shafin. A cikin "adadi na adadi" sigogi, kun saita canzawa zuwa matsayin "lambobi". Bayan haka, muna bincika cewa a cikin hannun dama na taga a cikin "yawan alamomin decimal" ya tsaya "2". Wannan darajar yakamata ya zama tsoho, amma idan ya cancanci bincika kuma canza shi idan an nuna kowane lambar "Ok" a kasan taga.

   

   Hakanan zaka iya haɗa kuɗi a cikin adadi na adadi. A wannan yanayin, za a nuna lambobin tare da alamu biyu. Don yin wannan, muna sake kunnawa a cikin "adadi na adadi" sigogi a cikin "Monetary". Kamar yadda yake a cikin lamarin da ya gabata, muna duba "adadin alamun alamun" a filin "2". Mun kuma kula da gaskiyar cewa an sanya alamar ruble a filin "ƙira", idan, da gangan ba za ku yi aiki tare da wani kuɗin ba. Bayan haka, danna maɓallin "Ok".



5. Idan ka yi amfani da zabin ta amfani da tsari na lambobi, to duk lambobin sun tuba zuwa dabi'u da alamun kuɗi guda biyu.

   

   Lokacin amfani da tsarin tsabar kuɗi, daidai canji ɗaya zai faru, amma alamar zaɓin za a ƙara zuwa ƙimar kuɗi.



6. Amma, yayin da muka lasafta harajin da aka kara kawai don darajar guda ɗaya na ginin haraji. Yanzu muna buƙatar yin wannan ga sauran adadin. Tabbas, zaku iya shiga cikin dabara guda ɗaya kamar yadda muka yi a karon farko, amma lissafin fice ya bambanta da aiwatar da ayyukan iri ɗaya. Don yin wannan, yana amfani da kwafin ta amfani da cika alamar alama.

   Mun kafa siginan siginan zuwa ƙananan kusurwar ƙananan na wancan sigar wanda aka riga aka kunsa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a canza siginan kwamfuta zuwa karamin giciye. Wannan alamar alama ce. Danna maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na hagu kuma ja shi zuwa kasan teburin.



7. Kamar yadda kake gani, bayan aiwatar da wannan matakin, za a iya yin lissafin darajar da ake buƙata don cikakken ƙimar kuɗin haraji, waɗanda suke a cikin teburinmu. Don haka, mun lasafta mai nuna alama ga dabi'un kuɗi bakwai da sauri fiye da yadda za a yi a kan kalkuleta ko, musamman, da hannu akan takardar takarda.



8. Yanzu muna buƙatar ƙididdige jimlar darajar tare da darajar haraji. Don yin wannan, muna haskaka kashi na farko a cikin "adadin tare da VAT" shafi. Mun sanya alamar "=", danna kan tantanin farko na "Haraji na Haraji", saita alamar "+", sannan kaɗa shi a kan tantanin farko na Vat. A cikin lamarinmu, wannan magana ta bayyana a cikin wani abu don nuna sakamakon:

   = A3 + B3

   Amma, ba shakka, a kowane yanayi, adireshin sel na iya bambanta. Saboda haka, lokacin aiwatar da irin wannan aiki, zaku buƙaci musanya ayyukanku na abubuwan da suka dace.



9. Na gaba, danna maɓallin Shigar akan maɓallin keyboard don samun sakamakon da aka gama da lissafin. Don haka, ƙimar tsada tare da haraji don ƙimar farko ana lissafta.



10. Domin lissafta adadin tare da darajar haraji da na wasu ƙimar, muna amfani da alamar mai cika, kamar yadda muka yi don lissafin da ya gabata.

Don haka, mun lasafta ƙimar da ake buƙata don ƙimar bakwai na ginin harajin. Zai iya ɗaukar lokaci sosai akan kalkuleta.

Darasi: Yadda ake canza tsarin tantanin halitta a Excel

Hanyar 2: lissafin haraji daga adadin tare da VAT

Amma akwai maganganu lokacin da adadin Vat daga adadin ya kamata a lissafta don rahoton haraji daga adadin wanda aka riga an haɗa wannan harajin. Sannan tsarin lissafin zai yi kama da wannan:

"VAT" = "Adadin da Vat" / 118% x 18%

Bari mu ga yadda za a iya yin wannan lissafin ta hanyar kayan aikin. A cikin wannan shirin, tsarin lissafin zai sami tsari mai zuwa:

= lamba / 118% * 18%

A matsayin wata hujja, "lamba" ita ce sananniyar darajar farashin kaya tare da haraji.

Don misalin misalin lissafi, ɗauki duk tebur iri ɗaya. Sai kawai a ciki za a cika shi da lambar "adadin tare da VAT", da ƙimar ginshiƙan "VAT" da "Tashar Haraji" dole ne mu lissafa. Muna ɗauka cewa an riga an tsara ƙwayoyin sel a cikin tsabar kuɗi ko tsara lambobi tare da alamun lambobi biyu, don haka ba za mu riƙe wannan hanyar ba.

1. Mun kafa siginan kwamfuta a farkon kwalin shafi tare da bayanan da ake buƙata. Mun shiga dabara a wurin (= lamba / 118% * 18%) Ta wannan hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita a hanyar da ta gabata. Wato, bayan alamar, mun sanya hanyar haɗi zuwa tantanin halitta wanda ke daidai darajar darajar kaya tare da karɓar maɓallin "/ 118% * 3%" ba tare da kwatancen ba. A cikin lamarinmu, ya juya baya shigarwa:

   = C3 / 118% * 18%

   A cikin shigarwar da aka ƙayyade, ya danganta da shari'ar da wurin shigarwar bayanan da ke kan hanyar exel, kawai mahaɗi ga tantanin halitta za a iya canzawa.



2. Bayan haka, danna maɓallin Shigar. Ana lissafta sakamako. Bugu da ari, kamar yadda a cikin hanyar da ta gabata, ta amfani da amfani da cika alamar alama, kwafar tsari zuwa wasu sel na shafi. Kamar yadda kake gani, ana lissafta duk abubuwan da ake buƙata.



3. Yanzu muna buƙatar yin lissafin adadin ba tare da biyan haraji ba, wato, tushen harajin. Ya bambanta da hanyar da ta gabata, ba a yin ƙima wannan mai nuna alama ta ƙari, amma lokacin amfani da ɗakuna. Don wannan kuna buƙatar daga jimlar adadin kuɗin da kanta.

   Don haka, mun saita siginan kwamfuta a cikin sel na farko na shafin ginin Haraji. Bayan sa hannu "=" Muna samar da yankakken data daga tantanin farko na lambar VAT na darajar da na farkon shafin. A cikin misalinmu na musamman, wannan magana ce a nan:

   = C3-b3

   Don nuna sakamakon, kar ku manta da Latsa maɓallin Shigar.



4. Bayan haka, a cikin saba hanyar ta amfani da cika alamar, kwafe mahadar zuwa wasu abubuwan shafi.

Za'a iya la'akari da ɗawainiyar.

Hanyar 3: Lissafin Dabi'un Haraji daga Tasirin Haraji

Sau da yawa don yin lissafin adadin tare da darajar haraji, da samun darajar kuɗin haraji. Wannan baya buƙatar lissafta adadin biyan haraji da kanta. Za'a iya wakiltar Tsarin lissafin kuɗi a cikin wannan fom:

"Adadin da VAT" = "Base Haraji" + "gindi" x 18%

Kuna iya sauƙaƙe dabara:

"Adadin da Vat" = "gindi" x 118%

A Excel, zai yi kama da wannan:

= lamba * 118%

Hujja "lamba" tushe ne mai haraji.

Misali, ɗauki duk wannan tebur, kawai ba tare da shafi "vat" ba, tunda ba za a buƙaci wannan lissafin ba. Shahararrun dabi'u za a samu a cikin shafi na batirin haraji, da kuma abin da ake so - a cikin shafi "adadin da VAT".

1. Zaɓi tantanin farko na shafi tare da bayanan da ake buƙata. Mun sanya alamar "=" da kuma ambaton sel na farko na kayan batir na haraji. Bayan haka, muna gabatar da faɗar ba tare da kwatancen ba "* 118%". A cikin yanayinmu, an sami magana:

   = A3 * 118%

   Don nuna sakamakon a kan takardar, danna maɓallin Shigar.



2. Bayan haka, muna amfani da alamar mai cika kuma muna yin kwafin tsari na tsari zuwa kewayon ginshiƙin da alamomi da aka lissafa.

Don haka, yawan farashin kayayyaki, gami da harajin, an lasafta su don duk dabi'un.

Hanyar 4: Lissafin Basashen Haraji daga adadin haraji

Yana da matukar iya yin lissafin ginin harajin daga farashi tare da harajin da aka haɗa a ciki. Koyaya, wannan lissafin ba sabon abu bane, saboda haka zamuyi la'akari da shi kuma.

Tsarin tsari don yin lissafin jigon harajin daga farashi, inda ya riga ya hada da harajin, ya yi kama da wannan:

"Tashar Haraji" = "Adadin da Vat" / 118%

Areel Excel, wannan dabara zata dauki irin wannan:

= lamba / 118%

A matsayin lambar "lambar", ƙimar ƙimar kayan yana yin la'akari da harajin.

Don ƙididdigewa, muna amfani da ainihin wannan tebur kamar yadda a cikin ta baya, kawai wannan lokacin, sanannun bayanai za su kasance cikin shafi ", da ƙididdigar batir.

1. Muna samar da allurar farko na farkon shafi na gindin haraji. Bayan alamar "=" Shigar da daidaitawa na farkon kwayar wani shafi. Bayan haka, muna gabatar da furcin "/ 118%". Don aiwatar da lissafin da fitarwa na sakamakon mai lura, zaku iya danna maɓallin Shigar. Bayan haka, ƙimar farko ta farashin ba tare da za a lasafta haraji ba.



2. Don yin lissafin a cikin sauran abubuwan shafi, kamar yadda a cikin karar da suka gabata, yi amfani da alamar mai cika.

Yanzu mun sami tebur wanda farashin kaya ba tare da izinin haraji nan da nan don matsayi bakwai ba.

Darasi: Aiki tare da tsari a fice

Kamar yadda kake gani, san kayan yau da kullun game da lissafin haraji da aka kara da alamomin da suka danganci, don jimre wa aikin lissafin kuɗinsu a Forevime sosai. A zahiri, lissafin algorithm da kansa, a zahiri, ba shi da yawa daban akan lissafin a lissafin da aka saba. Amma, aikin a ƙayyadaddun tabulador yana da fa'idodi ɗaya na ciki a kan kalkuleta. Ya ta'allaka ne a gaskiyar cewa lissafin daruruwan dabi'u baya ɗaukar tsayi da yawa fiye da lissafin mai nuna alama. Areve, a zahiri na mintina, mai amfani zai iya yin lissafin haraji akan ɗaruruwan wurare a matsayin mai ban sha'awa na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai sauƙi na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai sauƙi na iya ɗaukar lokaci agogo. Bugu da kari, a Excel, zaku iya gyara lissafin ta hanyar adana shi tare da fayil daban.